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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 182 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: There is accumulating evidence that T-cell-mediated dominant control of self-reactive T-cells contributes to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and its alteration can cause autoimmune disease. Efforts to delineate such a regulatory T-cell population have revealed that CD25+ cells in the CD4+ population in normal naive animals bear the ability to prevent autoimmune disease in vivo and, upon antigenic stimulation, suppress the activation/proliferation of other T cells in vitro. The CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, which are naturally anergic and suppressive, appear to be produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. They play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1820102.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foxp3 controls regulatory T-cell function by interacting with AML1/Runx1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 446 (2007), S. 685-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (TR cells) are engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis by suppressing aberrant or excessive immune responses, such as autoimmune disease and allergy. TR ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05673
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered thymic T-cell selection due to a mutation of the ZAP-70 gene causes autoimmune arthritis in mice (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which afflicts about 1% of the world population, is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology that primarily affects the synovial membranes of multiple joints. Although CD4+ T cells seem to be the prime mediators of RA, it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02119
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -8, and collagenase activity levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid after implantation (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The integrity of connective tissues surrounding dental implants may be influenced by a balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The purpose of this study was to provide an overall assessment of TIMP-1, MMP-1 and -8 levels as well as collagenase activities during the wound healing process after implantation and in peri-implantitis lesions. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was sampled with sterile paper strips from 10 osseointegrated implants of 6 subjects. Ten implants from 6 patients affected with peri-implantitis were also assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 11 periodontitis-affected patients and 10 healthy volunteers served as controls. TIMP-1 and MMP-1 and -8 protein levels in the PICF were measured by ELISA, and active and APMA-activatable collagenase activities were determined by functional assays using image-analysis after SDS-PAGE. The experiment showed a significant increase in the TIMP-1 level at 1 week after implantation as compared with that in GCF from healthy periodontium. Four weeks after implantation it had reached the same level as that in the GCF of healthy subjects. The data has also disclosed a higher post-implantation collagenase activity level at 1 week than at weeks 2, 4, and 12. This may be due to the increase in MMP-1 and -8. Furthermore, peri-implantitis and periodontitis were shown to be similar inflammatory lesions in respect to MMP-1 and -8 and collagenase activities, even though the TIMP-1/MMP-1+MMP-8 ratio was significantly lower in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis. In conclusion, the over-production of TIMP-1 in the wound area after implantation could, to some extent, inhibit excessive tissue destruction and degradation of the neo-matrix in wound repair due to MMPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011005430.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and collagenase mRNA in periodontitis-affected human gingival tissue (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 28 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Collagenolysis in periodontitis is thought to be modulated by the expression of three genes, collagenase, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and -2). We assessed the possible difference in TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and collagenase mRNA levels between gingival samples from patients with periodontitis and those from healthy subjects by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This technique allows detection of transcripts from a very small sample quantity. The experiments showed that levels of TIMP-1 and collagenase transcripts relative to β-action are significantly higher in the diseased group than in healthy controls (8.11±0.83 versus 1.38±0.28% for TIMP-1 and 0.50±0.10 versus 0.0075±0.0024% for collagenase, respectively). The difference in TIMP-2 between the two groups (2.91±0.46 versus 1.84±0.87%) did not differ. Therefore, the host would have responded to the increase in collagenase level by preferentially producing TIMP-1 against tissue destruction. The differential gene expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in our study may account for a distinct genetic regulation of TIMP-1 and -2 in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01079.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -8 in gingival crevicular fluid following treatment with enamel matrix derivative (EMDOGAIN®) (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 36 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) action on the periodontal wound healing process is not well understood. However, earlier in vitro studies from our laboratory demonstrated that EMD stimulated the proliferation of both periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effect of EMD on the early wound healing process by assessing the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Sixteen patients, each of whom had one or two pairs of infrabony defects located contralaterally in the same arch, were included in this clinical trial. Thirty-six infrabony defects were randomly assigned treatment with flap surgery plus EMD or flap surgery plus placebo. At baseline and at 2, 4 and 12 week follow-up evaluation visits, GCF was sampled with paper strips. After determination of GCF volume, TIMP-1, MMP-1 and MMP-8 GCF levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intragroup analysis: At week 2 following surgery, when compared to baseline all parameters in each study group, except MMP-1, significantly increased (p〈0.05). There were no significant differences between 4 or 12 weeks and baseline in either study group. Intergroup analysis: At 4 weeks after surgery, GCF volume and TIMP-1 levels showed a significant decrease (p〈0.05) in the EMD group, when compared to the placebo group. MMP-1 levels at weeks 2, 4 and 12, and MMP-8 levels at weeks 4 and 12 were significantly lower (p〈0.05) in the EMD group compared to the placebo group. EMD compared to placebo treated sites demonstrated a more rapid return to baseline levels of TIMP-1, MMP-1 and MMP-8. These findings suggest that treatment with flap surgery and EMD, compared to flap surgery with placebo, accelerated healing at an earlier stage of wound healing following surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.360506.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization study on tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) mRNA-expressing cells in human inflamed gingival tissue (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study presents the exact cell types and localization of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) production sites in periodontal diseased gingiva by means of in situ hybridization. Gingival tissue specimens were fixed, embedded and hybridized in situ with specific digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes (386 and 496 bp). TIMP-1 and -2 mRNAs were expressed on macrophages, mononuclear cells, capillary endothelial cells and some fibroblasts throughout the gingival tissue. In periodontitis, TIMP-1 and -2 mRNA-expressing cells showed significantly different localization. TIMP-1 mRNA was broadly observed in the gingival connective tissue while TIMP-2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the connective tissue adjacent to the pocket epithelium (p 〈 0.01). Fewer TIMPs mRNA were observed in minimal gingivitis than in periodontitis, especially in the middle zone of gingival tissue. Thus, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA was detected differentially and site-specifically in periodontal diseased gingival tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00559.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zone-Plate Interferometer for Measuring the Shape Error of Mirrors with Large Numerical Aperture and Steep Asphericity (1996)
    Springer
    Optical review 3 (1996), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: zone-plate interferometer ; shape measurement of mirror ; on-machine measurement ; computer generated hologram ; large numerical aperture ; aspherical mirror
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A compact zone-plate interferometer is developed to measure the shape error of concave mirrors. A diffracted light of (0, 0) and that of (-1, -1) or (+1, +1) are used in the interferometer. The interferometer enables us to measure the shape error of mirrors with a large numerical aperture and a steep asphericity. The shape errors of a spherical mirror and a parabolic mirror are measured by the interferometer, and that of the former agrees well with that measured by Fizeau interferometer. Methods for adjustments of zone plates and the mirrors being tested are proposed to perform precise measurements of the mirror shapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-996-0034-5
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transient solution method for the finite element incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 5 (1985), S. 873-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations ; Finite Element Method ; Direct Time ; Integration Method ; Vortex Shedding Behind an Obstacle ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical procedure for solving the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The present method is based on a set of finite element equations of the primitive variable formulation, and a direct time integration method which has unique features in its formulation as well as in its evaluation of the contribution of external functions. Particular processes regarding the continuity conditions and the boundary conditions lead to a set of non-linear recurrence equations which represent evolution of the velocities and the pressures under the incompressibility constraint. An iteration process as to the non-linear convective terms is performed until the convergence is achieved in every integration step. Excessively artificial techniques are not introduced into the present solution procedure. Numerical examples with vortex shedding behind a rectangular cylinder are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed method. The calculated results are compared with experimental data and visualized flow fields in literature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650051003
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