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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BETA hCG, HLA AND OTHER MEMBRANE ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON BLADDER TUMOURS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TIL) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) by bladder tumours has been shown to be associated with increased metastases and resistance to treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary results from typing frozen tumours using monoclonal antibodies against HLA determinants show reduced or lost expression of one or more antigens in two thirds of patients studied with a trend for more malignant behaviour and inability to generate tumour infiltrating lymphocyte expression using Interleukin-2 in those patients whose tumours demonstrate loss. In this series βhCG expression was only seen in a subgroup of those demonstrating loss of HLA antigen expression. Studies of βhCG secreting bladder cancer cell lines showed that it was possible to induce class II HLA antigen expression with gamma Interferon, and that this treatment but not alpha Interferon reduced βhCG production by the cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00485.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and immunological effect of intravesical interleukin-2 on superficial bladder cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 39 (1994), S. 68-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words: IL-2 – Bladder cancer – CD3 and HLA antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Using immunocytochemical techniques the pattern of T cell markers and MHC antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and tumour biopsies of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after intravesical human recombinant interleukin-2 (rhuIL-2) therapy (three cases at 1 MIU, four cases at 18 MIU and two cases at 54 MIU), was investigated. There was a slight but significant increase in the total number of circulating leucocytes, harvested from blood using density gradient technique, after intravesical rhuIL-2 treatment. Thus the mean ± SD of seven cases before and after (more than 30 days of) IL-2 were 1.24±0.32×109/l and 1.50±0.46×109/l respectively (t-test, P = 0.032). However, this was substantially less than in samples collected after subcutaneously (six cases) and intravenously (seven cases) administering rhuIL-2, the results of which were 1.09±0.46×109/l versus 2.22±0.68×109/l (P = 0.016) and 0.84×109/l versus 2.3×109/l (P = 0.004) respectively. There was no demonstrable alteration in the percentage of cells positive for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25 or CD56 in peripheral blood or urine populations in six patients treated with intravesical IL-2, or the pattern of MHC class I or II expression on tumour biopsies before and after treatment. Though this could have been a reflection of the fact that most of the cases had normal class I expression, there was one tumour with complete loss and one tumour with very low expression among the three cases showing stroma positivity for HLA-A3 antigens. Neither of these was altered by IL-2 treatment, nor was class II antigen expression, which was positive in five of nine cases before treatment. Given the lack of the expected major immunological changes and the poor clinical responses (one of nine complete responses lasted 3 months), it is concluded that the schedule has not produced an adequate dose intensity to induce lymphocyte activation and alternative schedules based on those developed from systemic treatment need exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01517183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and immunological effect of intravesical interleukin-2 on superficial bladder cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 39 (1994), S. 68-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: IL-2 ; Bladder cancer ; CD3 and HLA antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using immunocytochemical techniques the pattern of T cell markers and MHC antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and tumour biopsies of patients with superficial bladder cancer before and after intravesical human recombinant interleukin-2 (rhuIL-2) therapy (three cases at 1 MIU, four cases at 18 MIU and two cases at 54 MIU), was investigated. There was a slight but significant increase in the total number of circulating leucocytes, harvested from blood using density gradient technique, after intravesical rhuIL-2 treatment. Thus the mean ±SD of seven cases before and after (more than 30 days of) IL-2 were 1.24±0.32×109/l and 1.50±0.46×109/l respectively (t-test,P=0.032). However, this was substantially less than in samples collected after subcutaneously (six cases) and intravenously (seven cases) administering rhuIL-2, the results of which were 1.09±0.46×109/l versus 2.22±0.68×109/l (P=0.016) and 0.84×109/l versus 2.3×109/l (P=0.004) respectively. There was no demonstrable alteration in the percentage of cells positive for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25 or CD56 in peripheral blood or urine populations in six patients treated with intravesical IL-2, or the pattern of MHC class I or II expression on tumour biopsies before and after treatment. Though this could have been a reflection of the fact that most of the cases had normal class I expression, there was one tumour with complete loss and one tumour with very low expression among the three cases showing stroma positivity for HLA-A3 antigens. Neither of these was altered by IL-2 treatment, nor was class II antigen expression, which was positive in five of nine cases before treatment. Given the lack of the expected major immunological changes and the poor clinical responses (one of nine complete responses lasted 3 months), it is concluded that the schedule has not produced an adequate dose intensity to induce lymphocyte activation and alternative schedules based on those developed from systemic treatment need exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01517183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of leukaemic patients (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 37 (1993), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Leukaemia ; IL-2 ; TIL ; LAK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with acute leukaemia were used to establish long-term interleukin-2-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cells were grown in RPMI medium containing interleukin-2 (IL-2, 100 U/ml) and 2.5% conditioned medium prepared by activating normal lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin. Proliferation of IL-2-dependent CD3-positive lymphocytes was seen in 1 of 2 acute lymphocytic leukaemia cases (ALL), 1 of 4 acute myelogeneous leukaemia cases (AML) (M1) and 8 of 8 more differentiated AML. In 2 cases with detectable leukaemic cell markers (1 ALL and 1 AML) passageable cells were developed, that expressed normal T cell phenotypes (namely CD3, CD4, and CD8) at the expense of leukaemic cells. In 1 of 2 cases, long-term IL-2-cultured cells showed specific cytotoxic activity against autologous leukemic cells. The percentage killing against autologous and two allogeneic target cell lines at a 50/1 effector/target (E/T) ratio was 42%, 9% and 19% respectively. Similarly the cytotoxic activity of IL-2 activated from 4 different individuals against conventional tumour targets K562 and Daudi at a ratio of 50/1 was 29%–68% (median=55%) and 34%–78% (median=61%) respectively. It was also found that this killing potential of the activated cells was maintained for as long as culture was continued (median 23 days, range 17–75 days). The mechanism(s) of T cell proliferation at the expense of leukaemic blast cells in the case of a minority of leukaemic patients and the possible clinical therapeutic potential of these cells following in vitro IL-2 activation deserve further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01516941
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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