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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 402-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: implantation ; assessed ; gradings ; improve ; irregularities ; equivalent ; comparing ; categories ; ablation ; deteriorate ; declined ; effective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent une méthode d'évaluation de la rétinopathie diabétique utilisant des photographies prises dans les conditions standard. — Cinq lésions caractéristiques de la rétinopathie diabétique, soit les micro-anévrysmes et hémorragies, les exsudats, les néovaisseaux et la rétinite proliférante, sont considérés séparément. Quatre photographies standard permettent une classification en cinq degrés de gravité. L'ensemble de ces photographies standard utilise un film de 20 diapositives de 35 mm Kodachrome. — Cette technique a fourni des résultats comparables durant une période d'essai, particulièrement lorsque les clichés étaient soumis à des observateurs familiers de ce procédé.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die mit Hilfe von Standard-Photographien des Augenhintergrundes eine zuverlässige Einstufung verschiedener Schweregrade der diabetogenen Retinopathie ermöglicht. — Dabei werden fünf ophthalmoskopische Besonderheiten diabetischer Fundusveränderungen (Mikroaneurysmen und Netzhautblutungen, Exsudatherde, Gefäßneubildungen, Veränderungen an den Netzhautvenen und Retinitis proliferans) voneinander unabhängig bewertet und jeweils in fünf Schweregrade eingeteilt. — Die Anwendung des beschriebenen Auswertungsmodus durch verschiedene erfahrene Untersucher ergab weitgehend übereinstimmende Beurteilungsergebnisse.
    Notes: Summary A method for grading diabetic retinopathy using standard photographs is described. — Five retinopathy components — microaneurysms and haemorrhages, exudates, new vessels, venous irregularities and retinitis proliferans — are treated independently and for each component, four standard photographs allow grading into five grades of severity. The whole set of standard photographs consists of twenty 35 mm Kodachrome transparencies. — During a trial the method gave consistent results, particularly in the hands of observers familiar with the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 5-HT3 receptors ; Amygdala ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Ondansetron ; Granisetron ; Social interaction ; Water-lick conflict test ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were examined in the social interaction (SI) test following discrete microinjection into either the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or amygdala of the rat. Following DRN injection, ondansetron, ICS205-930, and MDL72222 (5–500 ng) all failed to modify SI under high light/unfamiliar (HLU) test conditions relative to vehicle pretreated controls. The 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-Me 5-HT (100–2500 ng), was similarly ineffective under both HLU and low light/familiar (LLF) conditions, although 5-HT (20–100 ng) increased SI under the HLU paradigm. After amygdaloid injection, ondansetron (10–100 ng), granisetron (1–10 ng), ICS205-930 (10–100 ng), GR 65630 (1–10 ng), and MDL72222 (100–1000 ng) all significantly increased SI under the HLU but not LLF condition. Furthermore, a detailed behavioural analysis revealed that the behaviours underlying this increase were similar to those seen in vehicle pretreated animals tested in the LLF compared to HLU condition. The benzodiazepine, flurazepam (200 ng), increased both SI (HLU condition) and punished responding in a modified water-lick conflict model, after amygdaloid injection. Both ondansetron (10–1000 ng) and ICS205-930 (1–100 ng) were ineffective in the conflict test. Finally, 2-Me 5-HT and 5-HT (100–10 000 ng) reduced SI under the LLF test condition with no concomitant change in locomotor activity. It is concluded that the amygdala, but not the DRN, may represent an important neuroanatomical locus for the disinhibitory, perhaps anxiolytic, properties of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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