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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion of Pembina crude oil pipeline (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Corrosion failure of the Pembina pipeline system of North Central Alberta, Canada, was frequent and was associated with constant bacterial load and sulphide in the crude oil and produced water. The bacterial load included a variety of anaerobic and aerobic/facultative bacteria which acted in concert to produce sulphide, giving rise to a “cascade of sulphide generation”. A total of 256 isolates from the crude oil were tested for ability to reduce oxidized sulphur compounds to sulphide. Five groups of bacteria, (A-E), based on this ability to reduce sulphur compounds, existed in the crude oil system. Group A reduced sulphur compounds with oxidation states +6; and lower, Group B reduced oxidation state +4 and below; Group C, oxidation states +2 and lower. Group D reduced only oxidation state 0 (elemental Sulphur), while Group E could reduce no sulphur compound to sulphide. It was found that a ceiling on the reductive capability of each bacterial group was set by the oxidation state of the sulphur compounds. The result is a synergistic relationship whereby intermediate products of reductive activities of each group form the substrate for subsequent action by other groups until sulphide is produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial corrosion of mild steel under the condition of simultaneous formation of ferrous and sulphide ions (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Corrosion of mild steel in cultures of a Pseudomonas species under the condition of simultaneous formation of Fe(II) and S2- was initially inhibited by inhibiting the anodic reaction, but after long incubation the corrosion process was allowed to continue. When only S2- was produced, the initial corrosion rate increased for up to 60 h but later declined, probably due to a protective FeS film formed on the metal. Cathodic reactions were affected in a similar fashion as the anode. Extensive pitting corrosion was observed when the mild steel coupons were immersed in bacterial culture producing Fe(IIO) and S2-, but not in the uninoculated control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286327
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of bacteria in Pembina crude oil pipeline system and their potential role in corrosion process (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Crude oil stream from the Pembina fields of North Central Alberta, Canada, contained a relatively high detectable load of bacteria. The oil and produced water contained aerobic and anerobic microorganisms capable of producing sulphides from sulphates and sulphite, and ferrous ions from ferric compounds. The ability to produce S2- and Fe(II) in solution is considered very important in corrosion phenomenon in the pipeline system. Apart from SO 4 2- — reducers (Desulfovibrio spp) the organisms found in the crude oil system and capable of generating corrosive environment were mainly members of the Genus Pseudomonas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256676
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL ON SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A SPILL SITE IN A TYPIC PALEUDULT OF MIDWESTERN NIGERIA (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 45 (1997), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Physico-chemical analysis of soil samples at an oil spill sitein a Typic Paleudult of midwestern Nigeria showed that thetotal hydrocarbon content of top soil layers ranged from 0.6to 12.6 ppm in the heavy impact zone and the oil hadpenetrated to a depth of 9.2 m. Hydrocarbon concentration inthe medium impact zone ranged from 0.36 ppm while hydrocarbonswere not detected in 80% of samples from the unimpactedreference zone. Measurement of heavy metal concentrations inthe soil revealed a significant build-up (p〈 0.05) of lead,iron and zinc in the heavy impact zone. Other parametersincluding electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations,available phosphorus and total nitrogen in impacted soils werecomparatively low while the total organic carbon was high,compared with the reference site. Textural class of soil fromthe different depths showed a predominantly brown sand at thetopsoil, loamy sand and grey fine sand at medium depths andred sandy clay at greater depths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005776514235
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon Utilization in Yeast Isolates Found to Grow in Association with Petroleum in a Polluted Ultisol of Midwestern Nigeria (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 63 (2000), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: Candida sp ; effluents ; Endomycopsis sp ; hydrocarbon ; petroleum ; pollution ; ultisol ; yeast-isolates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The population counts of hydrocarbon-utilising yeasts weremonitored at six sampling stations in the Benin City municipalarea over a four-week period. Although the population countswere relatively constant in each locality, the highest countsoccurred in areas heavily polluted by domestic and industrialeffluents. A total of thirty-five hydrocarbon-degrading yeastswere isolated from soil at the sampling stations usingn-hexadecane as sole carbon source. The isolates were identifiedas belonging to the genera Candida (27 strains), Endomycopsis (4 strains). All the organisms grew on long-chainn-alkane, kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil but failed to growon short-chain n-alkane, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.Measurement of growth attributes of the isolates usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil and crude oil as substrates showed thatthe Candida species were better utilizers of hydrocarbonsubstrates relative to Endomycopsis and Schizosaccharomyces species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006285526313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors in single-cell protein production from pawpaw fruit pulp extract (1992)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 12 (1992), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Maximum production of single-;cell protein (SCP), biomass, chemicals or fuels from microorganisms demands the manipulation of environmental conditions. Consequently, single-;cell protein production was carried out using Candida sp. and pawpaw fruit pulp extract (substrate), under conditions of varying initial inoculum, different agitation rates, nitrogen sources, and heat treatments. The highest viable cell count of 8.00 ± 1.34 × 1010 colony forming units (cfu)/ml was obtained with substrate supplemented with ammonium sulphate and the least viable cell count of 7.10 ± 2.10 × 106 cfu/ml was observed using urea treated substrate. An optimum viable cell count occurred with an initial inoculum of 5.60 × 105 cfu/ml, conditions of non-sterilization and agitation at 200 r.p.m. Growth also peaked at 24, 48 and 72 h with varying treatments.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370120211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of ethanol from cassava whey (1988)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 8 (1988), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigations were conducted into the potential use of enzyme hydrolysed cassava whey for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus niger grown on whct bran was used as crude enzyme source to saccharify the whey starch. The whey with an initial HCN concentration of 54.0μg/ml was fermented at pH 4.5 and 30°C in a one-step process to produce ethanol. A maximum ethanol concentration of 4.5% (v/v) was obtained in 120 h with a decrease in HCN level to 4.0 μg/ml. In a two-stage fermentation, in which the raw whey was pre-hydrolysed and under the same fermentation conditions, the unsterilized hydrolysate yielded alcohol content of 5.5% (v/v), while the sterilized hydrolysate gave higher alcohol yield, 7.5% (v/v), in 48 h. No HCN was detected in the fermented liquour at the end of the two-stage process.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080106
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