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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ketotifen in HIV-infected patients: effects on body weight and release of TNF-α (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key Words HIV infection ; Ketotifen; nutritional status ; Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is involved in the genesis of HIV-associated malnutrition. We performed an open-label trial on the effects of ketotifen, an in vitro inhibitor of TNF-α release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), on the nutritional status and TNF-α release of HIV-infected subjects. Patients: Six HIV-infected subjects received oral ketotifen 4 mg per day for 84 days and were followed up for an additional 70-day period. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. TNF-α plasma levels, TNF-α release from PBMCs, and plasma concentration of soluble TNF receptors were measured repeatedly during the study and control period. Results: During ketotifen intake, TNF-α release from stimulated PBMCs significantly decreased (68 vs 155 pg ml−1), but not TNF-α and soluble TNF receptor plasma concentrations. Subjects gained weight (+ 2.7 kg), whereas weight loss was observed after cessation of treatment (−1.6 kg). Conclusion: Ketotifen inhibits TNF-α release from stimulated PBMCs and might thus be useful in the management of HIV-associated malnutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050087
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: anorexia and cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, i.e. cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, biliary tract or pancreas, progressive undernutrition can be regularly observed during the course of illness. Undernutrition significantly affects the patients’ quality of life, morbidity and survival.Pathogenetically, two different causes are relevant in the development of undernutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. One cause is reduced nutritional intake. This condition is referred to as anorexia and can be worsened by the side effects of cancer therapy. The other cause is the release of endogenous transmitters and/or other products of the tumour leading to the cachexia syndrome, which is characterized by loss of body weight, negative nitrogen balance and fatigue. Cancer anorexia and cancer cachexia may have synergistic negative effects in affecting the patients’ status.In this review, current nutritional support strategies with respect to different clinically relevant situations are described. An algorithm of the treatment strategies, including dietetic counselling, oral supplements, enteral and parenteral nutritional support is given. One focus is the approach of nutrition-focused patient care, which shows promising results. In addition, the possibilities of pharmacological intervention are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02628.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in the NOD2/CARD15 gene in Crohn's disease are associated with ileocecal resection and are a risk factor for reoperation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Mutations within the NOD2/CARD15 gene have recently been shown to be associated with Crohn's disease.Aims : To investigate the clinical impact of the three common NOD2/CARD15 mutations in patients with Crohn's disease.Methods : We investigated the prevalence of the three common NOD2/CARD15 mutations (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, 3020insC) in 180 patients with Crohn's disease, 70 patients with ulcerative colitis and 97 controls. In patients with Crohn's disease, prevalence of NOD2/CARD15 mutations were correlated to clinical and demographical parameters.Results : In Crohn's disease patients, 35.6% carried at least one mutant allele of NOD2/CARD15 mutations compared with 14.3% of patients with ulcerative colitis (P = 0.006) and to 15.5% of controls (P = 0.0001). Genotype phenotype analyses revealed that NOD2/CARD15 mutations determined younger age at disease diagnosis (P = 0.03), ileal disease location (P = 0.01) and ileocecal resections (P = 0.0002). Interestingly, reoperation with resection of the anastomosis was significantly more frequent in patients with NOD2/CARD15 mutations (P = 0.01).Conclusions : Our investigations support the current hypothesis that NOD2/CARD15 mutations are associated with a phenotype of Crohn's disease with younger age at diagnosis, ileal involvement, ileocecal resections and a high risk of postoperative relapse and reoperation. NOD2/CARD15 mutations might therefore be used to identify high risk patients for relapse prevention strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01967.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malnutrition and immune dysfunction in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; HIV-infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Study objective: To determine forms of malnutrition and basal metabolism at different stages of immunological impairment in clinically stable patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: 53 outpatients with HIV-infection classified according to the Walter Reed staging system (WR1 to WR6).Measurements and main results: 87% of the patients showed some evidence of malnutrition. Reduced body weight was found in 53%, 68% and 25% had decreases in fat and body cell mass, 17% had visceral protein deficiency, whereas extracellular mass and serum triglyceride concentrations were increased in 58% and 30%, respectively. Reduced serum albumin and transferrin closely paralleled immunological depression, whereas alterations in body composition were manifest early during HIV-infection (WR3) and remained unchanged during the transition to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome itself. Resting metabolic rate increased from WR1 to WR3; it remained within the expected range during later stages (WR4-WR6), but was not appropriately reduced in response to the loss in body cell mass.Conclusions: HIV-infected patients display both, calorie and protein malnutrition. Immunological depression was independent of loss of body mass, but was closely associated to decreases in serum albumin values. Nutritional assessment and intervention should therefore be performed at an early stage of HIV-infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665858
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Künstliche Ernährung in der internistischen Intensivmedizin Chancen und Probleme (2000)
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 1041-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Enterale Ernährung middot; Sondenkost ; Parenterale Ernährung ; Immunonutrition ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Die künstliche Ernährung in der Intensivmedizin ist als eine “Ersatzmaßnahme” bei unzureichender bzw. nicht durchführbarer oraler Kostzufuhr zu verstehen. Sie erlaubt eine Sicherstellung der Substratzufuhr bei passagerer oder auch dauerhafter Unterbrechung der oralen Ernährungszufuhr durch Beatmung und Sedierung oder durch Erkrankungen, die mit Bewusstseinsstörung, Schluckbeschwerden oder Malabsorption einhergehen. Gerade im Bereich der Intensivmedizin nimmt die künstliche Ernährung eine prognostisch wichtige, in ihrer vollen Bedeutung nicht immer beachtete Stellung ein, die durch Zufuhr immunmodulatorischer Zusätze auch primärtherapeutische Bedeutung erlangen könnte. Bei der künstlichen Ernährung wird zwischen enteraler und par-enteraler Ernährung unterschieden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Chancen und Probleme beider Formen der künstlichen Ernährung im Bereich der internistischen Intensivmedizin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050663
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