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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Echocardiographic findings in kidney transplanted Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without a pancreas transplant (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. S128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; Pancreas transplantation ; Echocardiography ; Diastolic function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Echocardiography with Doppler recordings was carried out in 14 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic recipients of pancreas and kidney transplants and in 14 Type 1 diabetic kidney transplanted control patients, matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes, extent of other late complications, time since transplantation, dose of prednisolone, and renal function. HbA1c was 5.5±0.6 vs 8.7+1.4% (pancreas transplanted vs kidney only). Both groups had a slight increase in interventricular septum thickness. Left ventricular mass was equal. The ejection fraction as a measure of systolic function was normal and equal, 0.71±0.05 vs 0.69±0.07. Diastolic function was also equal in two out of three parameters, isovolumic relaxation time and deceleration time. The A/E ratio, however, tended to be lower in the pancreas transplanted group, 0.94±0.20 vs 1.06±0.18 (p=0.04). This indicates more frequent occurrence of impaired diastolic filling in the recipients of kidney only. Follow-up will show whether diastolic dysfunction increases and may be related to the increased cardiovascular mortality in kidney transplanted Type 1 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587638
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outcome of pancreas transplantations in Göteborg, Sweden 1985–1990 (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pancreas transplantation ; Graft survival ; Patient survival-Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During 1985 to 1990, 67 segmental pancreas transplantations with bladder drainage were performed. Fifty were combined pancreas and kidney and 17 were pancreas after kidney transplants. All patients were transplanted with the same technique. The 1-year actuarial pancreas graft survival for the combined patients with quadruple immunosuppressive therapy was 83% and the patient survival, 95%. The most important complications were infections, leakage from the pancreatico cystostoma and vascular complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in pancreas and kidney transplant recipients (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. S44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pancreas transplantation ; Serum lipoproteins ; Metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyperinsulinaemia when combined with insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We have studied the serum lipid profile and glycaemic control in 27 uraemic diabetic patients, 23 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic kidney recipients, 18 non-diabetic kidney recipients, and 30 recipients of kidney and pancreas transplants at 6 months post-transplantation. Fasting serum triglycerides were increased in the uraemic diabetic patients and non-diabetic kidney transplanted patients but not in diabetic kidney transplanted patients whether or not they had received a pancreas. Total cholesterol was increased only in the uraemic diabetic patients while HDL cholesterol was normal in all groups. Whithin the pancreas and kidney transplanted group triglyceride values correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r=−0.55) but not with plasma insulin, glycated haemoglobin or kG-value following an intravenous glucose load. Plasma insulin was increased. Whether such isolated hyperinsulinaemia confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease is not known. There may be adaptive feed-back mechanisms to protect target cells. Increasing the surgical risk in attempts to secure insulin delivery to the portal circulation does not seem warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole in elderly duodenal ulcer patients: relationship between reduction in gastric acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Omeprazole ; duodenal ulcer patients ; acid secretion ; plasma gastrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of omeprazole on acid secretion and gastrin levels has been investigated in 10 elderly duodenal ulcer patients in remission. Doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg omeprazole were given once daily for 7 consecutive days and the basal (BAO) and peak (PAO) acid output and fasting plasma gastrin concentration were measured 24 h after the seventh dose. Omeprazole suppressed PAO significantly and dose-dependently after doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg, the suppression being 42%, 75% and 85%, respectively. No patient showed complete inhibition of PAO and at least 20 mg had to be given to obtain a marked inhibitory effect in all patients. Increasing the dose to 40 mg had only a slight additional effect compared to 20 mg. There was a relationship between degree of acid inhibition and the increase in fasting plasma gastrin. PAO had to be suppressed by more than 80% before a moderate increase in fasting plasma gastrin was observed. The optimal once-daily oral dose of omeprazole for inhibition of acid secretion in elderly patients appears to be 20 mg. Omeprazole 20–40 mg may cause a moderate increase in fasting plasma gastrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279969
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Immunosuppressants: Testing and Development in Animal Models and the Clinic: with Special Reference to DSG (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 136 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1993.tb00656.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer, or pernicious anaemia (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration were measured in healthy subjects (n= 16), and patients with duodenal (n= 12) or gastric (n= 10) ulceration, or pernicious anaemia (n= 8). Median integrated 24-hour intragastric acidity was highest in duodenal ulcer patients and lowest in pernicious anaemia patients (1148 and 0 mmol. hour litre−1, respectively). Median integrated 24-hour plasma gastrin was highest in pernicious anaemia and lowest in the healthy subjects (9886 and 238 pmol. hour litre−1, respectively). Pernicious anaemia patients have unremitting hypergastrinaemia throughout the 24 hours. The results of this study not only provide a reference range of acidity and plasma gastrin in health and disease, but also will act as a baseline for future studies using antisecretory drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00622.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Forssman and Other Antigen/Antibody Systems in Vascularized Mouse Heart to Rat Xenotransplantation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the nature of hyperacute xenograft rejection was closely studied in a vascularized mouse-to-rat transplantation model. Antibodies against mouse heart, erythrocytes and lymphocytes and against the Forssman antigen were raised in the rat. Upon heterotopic heart transplantation the respective antisera were intravenously (i.v.) injected. Passive transfer of antiheart, antierythrocyte or antilymphocyte serum resulted in hyperacute rejection of the transplanted mouse heart. Subfractionation of the antiheart serum showed that the capacity to induce hyperacute rejection was carried by the immunoglobulin (Ig)G fraction. When antierythrocyte serum adsorbed with mouse erythrocytes was administered the cardiac grafts remained beating. To the contrary, antilymphocyte serum adsorbed with erythrocytes still had the capacity to induce hyperacute rejection. None of the rats that had previously been challenged with the Forssman antigen rejected their grafts hyperacutely. Subsequent investigations by electron microscopy revealed that the Forssman antigen is expressed on dendritic cells (DC) adjacent to the vessels, but not on the vascular endothelium, thus explaining the inability of the anti-Forssman serum to induce hyperacute rejection. Taken together, we have demonstrated the existence of several xenoantigens that can be targets for antibody-mediated rejection, suggesting that more than one relevant xenoantigen exists also in more distantly related combinations, such as the pig-to-human combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00840.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycophenolate Mofetil, Azathioprine and Cyclophosphamide Enhanced Efficacy Combined with Cyclosporine in Rat Cardiac Transplantation (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anti-proliferative drugs have been used for immunosuppression since the introduction of clinical transplantation. Most transplant centres include azathioprine (Aza) and cyclosporine (CyA) in their standard regimens, despite several controlled studies having failed to confirm the benefit of this combination. Aza is still the most commonly used anti-proliferative drug, although no major differences in immunosuppressive or toxic effects have been shown between Aza and cyclophosphamide (Cph). Cph as an adjunct to CyA has never been tested in a randomized study. Recently, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been developed as the most selective inhibitor of T- and B-cell proliferation and promoted as an adjunct to CyA treatment. In the present study, the additive or synergistic effects of these three anti-proliferative agents in combined treatment with CyA have been investigated using a rat cardiac transplantation model in which the immunomodulator linomide (Lin) was included as a potentiator of rejection. As single drug treatment, CyA, Cph and MMF, but not Aza, exerted a beneficial effect on graft survival. This prolongation of graft survival was abrogated when any one drug was administered together with Lin. The addition of MMF, Aza or Cph to CyA plus Lin treatment improved the graft survival significantly, thus demonstrating each of the anti-proliferative drugs to exert additive or synergistic effects in conjunction with cyclosporine. MMF seemed to be the most effective and least toxic of the drugs tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-407.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Renal Transplant Recipients treated with Cyclosporin and Prednisolone with or without Azathioprine (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cell-mediated immune response was studied, using mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) tests, in patients with well-functioning kidney grafts from living donors at 6 and 12 months and at 2–5 years after transplantation. The patients were allocated to treatment with cyclosporin A (CyA) and prednisolone (group A) or with CyA, prednisolone and azathioprine (group B). The MLR towards a third party were in the range of that of untreated controls while the anti-donor activities were reduced after 6 months in both groups. The CML activities in group A towards a third party were in the range of that of untreated controls at all times, while the anti-donor activities were decreased. By contrast, the CML activities in group B towards a third party were decreased during the first year and were in the range of that of normal controls at 2–5 years. The anti-donor CML activities were low at all times in group B.In summary, the two CyA protocols allowed the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness within the first post-transplant year. The anti-third party activities were low during the first post-transplant year in recipients with triple therapy but not in those without azathioprine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01679.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreasing Ratios of Phosphocreatine to β-ATP Correlates to Progressive Acute Rejection in a Concordant Mouse Heart to Rat Xenotransplantation Model (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biopsies are difficult to perform in rodent heart transplant models without compromising the graft function and therefore other means to evaluate the grafts repeatedly and noninvasively are warranted. The goal of the present study was to measure changes in ratios of high energy phosphorus containing metabolites detected with in vivo31Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P MRS) in a xenotransplantation model and to investigate if these ratios correlated to histological signs of acute xenograft rejection. Thirty-five heart transplantations were performed (NMRI-mice to Lewis (RT11) rats). Thirteen heart transplants underwent repeated daily in vivo31P MRS measurements and 22 grafts were measured on any of 4 postoperative days and thereafter sacrificed for histology. A modified scoring system based on Billingham's criteria was used to stage the rejection process. The median graft survival was 3.0 ± 0.44 (median ± SD) days (n = 17). Significant differences, both overall and interday, could be calculated for the phosphocreatine (PCr)/β-adenosine triphosphate (β-ATP) ratios and for the rejection score. The decreases in PCr/β-ATP ratios correlated significantly to the progressive acute rejection process in the sacrificed grafts (P = 0.01). Further studies are indicated to establish the potential of 31P MRS in immunosuppressed recipients of vascularized xenotransplants with prolonged graft survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00849.x
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