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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Cartilage ; Arthritis ; Nitric oxide ; Interleukin-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the inhibition of aggrecan synthesis, we measured levels of NO produced by bovine chondrocytes from different layers of articular cartilage in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1). Chondrocytes from the superficial layer showed a large increase in NO synthesis in response to IL-1. Although chondrocytes from the deep layer also produced NO in response to IL-1, the amount was less than that from the superficial layer. Enhanced NO production evoked by IL-1 was accompanied by a significant inhibition of aggrecan synthesis. These data suggest that chondrocytes in both superficial and deep layer of articular cartilage inhibit aggrecan synthesis with IL-1 via NO production. In addition, superficial layer cells respond to lower amounts of IL-1 with respect to NO-production and inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 564-575 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ; Lateroposterior thalamic nucleus ; Superior colliculus ; Microphthalmia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tecto-thalamic projections in the hereditary bilaterally microphthalmic rat were studied by means of WGA-HRP injection into the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and the lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (LP). Histological study in the mutant rats showed that whereas LGNd and superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) suffered from a remarkable reduction in size, LP had no histological changes as compared to the normal animals. Unilateral injection of the tracer into the microphthalmic LGNd showed that WGA-HRP positive neurons were present mostly in the ipsilateral str. griseum superficiale (SGS) of the SC. However, the number of labeled SGS neurons of the microphthalmic animals was about 3% of the normal. Although cell bodies of the normal tecto-LGNd neurons in the SGS were spindle-form in shape and issued one or two proximal dendrites from each pole, the microphthalmic tecto-LGNd neurons showed an irregular contour and their dendrites were not so intensively labeled. Unilateral injections of WGA-HRP into the LP revealed that the tecto-LP neurons were mainly distributed in the ipsilateral str. opticum of the colliculus. (SO) in both normal and microphthalmic animals. However, the number of labeled SO cells in the microphthalmic rat was about one-half of the normal. Furthermore, the size of labeled tecto-LP neurons was smaller than that of the normal ones, and they showed irregular round to oval cell bodies with equivocally labeled dendrites, in contrast to the normal tecto-LP neurons with polygonal cell bodies extending three or more dendrites in a radial fashion. These results indicate that there exist the tecto-LGNd and -LP projection neurons in the microphthalmic rat and that their laminally segregated projection is fundamentally preserved. However, the number of the tecto-thalamic projection neurons, especially of the tecto-LGNd cells, was markedly diminished in the mutant tectum compared to normals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Mianserin ; Trazodone ; CYP2D6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The correlations between steady-state plasma concentrations of mianserin and its active metabolite desmethylmianserin and those of trazodone and its active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) were examined in 19 depressed patients. Methods: Ten patients received first mianserin (30 mg per day) and second trazodone (150 mg per day), while 9 patients received these treatments in the opposite sequence, with at least 2-week intervals between the two phases. Blood was sampled at steady state, 1–3 weeks after initiation of each treatment. Plasma concentrations of mianserin, the separate enantiomers S(+)- and R(−)-mianserin, desmethylmianserin, trazodone and m-CPP were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was a significant correlation between steady-state plasma concentrations of trazodone and total mianserin (r = 0.59) or S(+)-mianserin (r = 0.57), but not R(−)-mianserin (r = 0.33). Conclusion: The present study thus suggests that the metabolic capacity of mianserin, especially the more active S(+)-enantiomer, and that of trazodone correlate to each other. This finding supports the previous suggestions that cytochrome P4502D6 is involved in the metabolism of mianserin and trazodone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of The Japanese and International Economies 3 (1989), S. 250-269 
    ISSN: 0889-1583
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Economic Theory 31 (1983), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 0022-0531
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is an autosomal recessive severe muscular dystrophy associated with an anomaly of the brain. Twenty–one FCMD families, 13 of them with consanguineous marriages, were analysed by genetic linkage analyses with polymorphic microsatellite markers ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Carbamazepine ; Bromperidol; reduced brom- peridol ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The interaction between carbamazepine and bromperidol was studied in 13 schizophrenic inpatients. Methods: Before carbamazepine addition, the subjects were taking bromperidol 12–24 mg · day−1 for 1–20 weeks. Carbamazepine 400 mg · day−1 was coadministered for 4 weeks, and blood samplings were performed before carbamazepine addition and at weekly intervals after the addition. Plasma concentrations of bromperidol and its reduced metabolite were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Carbamazepine significantly decreased plasma concentrations of both bromperidol and reduced bromperidol for all weeks. On average, the plasma concentrations of bromperidol and reduced bromperidol at 4 weeks were 37% and 23% of the corresponding precarbamazepine values. Despite these decreases in plasma concentration, the Clinical Global Impression scores decreased slightly but significantly after carbamazepine addition. Conclusion: The present study suggests that carbamazepine decreases plasma concentrations of bromperidol and its reduced metabolite by inducing the metabolism of these compounds. Nevertheless, adjunctive carbamazepine may be useful for schizophrenic patients treated with bromperidol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 14 (1977), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cranial CT ; Head position ; Glabella-inion line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optimal position of the head for CT scanning of the brain is discussed according to the statistical data of roentgencraniometry. The glabella-inion (GI) line was shown to be parallel to the frontal-occipital pole (FO) line which was substituted for a line joining the deepest gyral impressions in the frontal and occipital parts of the cranial cavity. On the other hand, Reid's baseline and the canthomeatal (CM) line intersected the GI line at various angles from person to person. There was a significant difference between each average inclination angle of males and females. Regarding using either Reid's or the CM line for a baseline, it should be noted that the brains were scanned in almost random direction. Therefore it may be convenient to apply the GI line for comparing the findings between individuals, and for correlating them to the anatomical diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 14 (1977), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain atlas for CT ; Glabella-inion line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The glabella-inion line was adopted as the baseline for computed tomographic scanning of the brain. An atlas based on the GI line was prepared for computed tomography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Bromperidol ; Reduced bromperidol ; Plasma concentration ; Metabolism ; CYP2D6 genotype ; Flunitrazepam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of various factors, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype and the coadministration of flunitrazepam, on the steady-state plasma concentrations (Css) of bromperidol and its reduced metabolite were studied in 62 schizophrenic inpatients receiving bromperidol 12 mg/day. By use of allele-specific PCR analysis, the wild type allele (CYP2D6 * 1A) and four mutated alleles causing either absent (CYP2D6 * 3, CYP2D6 * 4 and CYP2D6 * 5) or decreased (CYP2D6 * 10) CYP2D6 activity were identified. The means (ranges) of the Css of bromperidol and reduced bromperidol corrected to the median body weight were 7.2 (1.3–17.4) and 2.2 (0.4–8.9) ng/ml, respectively. Neither the Css of bromperidol nor that of reduced bromperidol significantly differed among the patients with no (n = 28), one (n = 30) and two mutated alleles (n = 4). The patients coadministered with flunitrazepam (n = 52) had significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher Css of bromperidol, but not reduced bromperidol, than those not (n = 10). Age, sex and smoking had no significant effects on the Css of these compounds. The present study thus suggests that the polymorphic CYP2D6 is not involved in the metabolism of bromperidol and reduced bromperidol to a major extent. The coadministration of flunitrazepam inhibits the metabolism of bromperidol, but age, sex and smoking do not affect it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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