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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial antigens in thymomas. An immunohistological study of 14 cases including a characterization of the lymphocytic compartment (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 14 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four monoclonal antibodies against antigens expressed differentially by the normal thymus epithelium, which define the cortical, medullary and subcapsular compartments, were used for immunohistological characterization of the epithelial cells in 14 thymomas. Furthermore, thymoma-associated lymphocytes were studied with monoclonal antibodies directed against T-lymphocyte differentiation antigens (CD1a, CD3, T-cell antigen receptor). Only four of the 14 thymomas could be classified into either medullary or cortical type thymoma based on the immunophenotype of epithelial cells. Ten cases escaped immunophenotypical classification due to co-expression of medullary and cortical antigens by the tumour cells. This aberration from the normal phenotype might indicate the failure of differentiation of such tumours. The immunophenotype of the associated lymphocytes, on the other hand, made it possible to classify the tumours as cortical (5 cases), mixed (2) and medullary (3) thymomas. Four thymomas escaped this classification scheme due to the absence of lymphocytes (2) or to a hybrid immunophenotype (2). Nevertheless, thymocytes of cortical type clearly predominated and were seen in all thymomas with associated lymphocytes. This feature may constitute a good diagnostic tool in differential diagnosis since, in 28 mediastinal or extramediastinal metastasis of tumours not derived from thymic epithelium and associated with various numbers of lymphocytes, none of them were found to contain CD1a positive lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb02181.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whipple's disease: A report of 22 patients (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intestinal lipodystrophy ; Whipple's disease ; Atypical mycobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two patients with Whipple's disease are reviewed (21 male, 1 female; mean age 49.3 years). All but one were diagnosed by small intestinal biopsy. The most frequent clinical symptoms at diagnosis were weight loss (14/21 patients), diarrhea (13/21), arthralgias (13/21), cramping abdominal pain (11/21), and skin pigmentation (8/21), which anteceded the diagnosis by from 6 months to 10 years (median 3.5 years). All but three patients were treated successfully with tetracycline given for at least 2 years. Follow-up was done for a median of 7.7 years (range 1–15 years). Two of 17 patients who were followed for 2 years relapsed, as did 2/11 followed for at least 5 years. One patient relapsed twice. Each relapse could be treated with success. In no case did relapse occur in the central nervous system. Thus, tetracycline appears to be effective in the treatment of Whipple's disease if given for at least 2 years. In two further patients with confirmed central nervous system involvement at diagnosis, who were treated with ampicillin plus chloramphenicol, characteristic SPC cells disappeared from the cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, the recently recognized problems in the differential diagnosis of Whipple's disease and atypical mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01736522
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymic hyperplasia (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thymic hyperplasia ; Numeric thymic hyperplasia ; Thymic rebound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The condition of true thymic hyperplasia is defined as an increase of both size and weight of the gland while it maintains normal microscopic architecture. It occurs in three different clinicopathologic forms: (1) True thymic hyperplasia without any other disease is extremely rare and only seven well documented examples could be found in a review of the literature. (2) Enlargement of the thymus gland is reported as a form of rebound phenomenon in a number of conditions like recovery from severe stress situations, after administration of steroids, and after treatment of malignant tumors. (3) Finally, thymic hyperplasia has been described in association with endocrine abnormalities, sarcoidosis, and Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745472
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymic hyperplasia (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thymic hyperplasia ; Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the thymus ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The so-called lymphofollicular hyperplasia, which is caused by the occurrence of hyperplastic lymph follicles within the organ, is constantly associated with autoimmune diseases (e.g., myasthenia gravis) and in rare instances with malignant tumors. The architecture of lymphofollicular hyperplasia was studied immunohistochemically using antibodies against epithelial, vascular, lymphocytic, and histiocytic antigens. There is evidence, that the configuration, microtopography, cellular composition, and immunohistological findings of the lymph follicles with germinal centers in the myasthenic thymus are essentially the same as in those occurring in lymph nodes and in other lymphatic tissue. Furthermore it could be shown that the follicles originate in the interlobular septal space and displace the thymic parenchyma by extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745473
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deciduose der Appendix (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Deciduosis – Acute appendicitis – Pregnancy – Decidualization – Endometriosis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Deciduose – akute Appendicitis – Schwangerschaft – Decidualisation – Endometriose.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Deciduosen der Appendix können in seltenen Fällen Ursache einer akuten Appendicitis während der Schwangerschaft sein. Im submesothelialen Stroma lokalisierte Deciduazellverbände sind dem derzeitigen Kenntnisstand zufolge physiologische Reaktionen der pluripotenten Stromazellen auf progestationsdominierte hormonelle Stimuli. Seltener ist die Deciduose eine unter Schwangerschaftshormonen decidualisierte präexistente Endometriose, erkennbar an einer Lokalisation abweichend von der streng submesothelialen, an Residuen zyklisch rezidivierender Proliferation und Blutung und an eingestreuten endometrialen Drüsenformationen.
    Notes: Summary. Deciduosis of the appendix is a rare cause of acute appendicitis in pregnancy. Ectopic decidual cells localized in the submesothelial stroma may represent a physiologic reaction of the pluripotent stromal cells to progestational hormonal stimulation. Less frequently, deciduosis is based on a preexisting extragenital endometriosis, visible in a localization other than strictly submesothelial, in residuals of cyclic proliferation and bleeding, and in endometrial glandular formations embedded in the decidual cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040051019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In honour of Wilhelm Doerr on the occasion of his 80th birthday (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193943
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende ultrastrukturelle und klinische Studie zum Ablauf des M. Whipple (1970)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 350 (1970), S. 368-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter antibiotischer Therapie kommt es zu grundlegenden Veränderungen des klinischen und histomorphologischen Erscheinungsbildes des M. Whipple. Das floride, unbehandelte Stadium ist gekennzeichnet durch wäßrige Diarrhoen bzw. Steatorrhoen, Mangelsymptomatik im Sinne eines Malabsorptions-Syndroms und Kachexie. Histomorphologisch bzw. elektronenoptisch lassen sich zahlreiche SPC-Zellen, erweiterte Lymphgefäße und extracellulär gelegene Gram-positive Bakterien nachweisen. Unter antibiotischer Therapie tritt sehr bald eine weitgehende Normalisierung der klinischen Symptomatik ein. Elektronenoptisch kann etwa zur gleichen Zeit ein massiver Bakterienabbau objektiviert werden. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einer Sklerosierung des Stratum proprium. Die günstigen therapeutischen Effekte und die elektronenmikroskopisch nachweisbaren Abbauvorgänge an den Bakterien lassen eine infektiöse Genese des M. Whipple als wahrscheinlich erscheinen.
    Notes: Summary The clinical and histomorphological signs and symptoms of Whipple's disease are fundamentally altered by antibiotic therapy. The florid, untreated stage is demonstrated by watery diarrhoea and steatorrhoea, signs of deficiencies due to malabsorption and cachexia. Numerous SPC cells, dilated lymph vessels and extracellular Gram-positive bacteria can be demonstrated in light and electron microscopy. With antibiotic therapy a rapid return to near normal clinical conditions ensues. At the some time a massive destruction of bacteria can be demonstrated in the electron microscope. Simultaneously the stratum proprium becomes sclerosed. The favourable therapeutic effect and the catabolic effects on the bacteria seen electron microscopically allow one to postulate an infectious genesis of Whipple's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenitale Muskeldystrophie (1971)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 352 (1971), S. 324-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde bei 4 Kindern mit kongenitaler Muskeldystrophie berichtet. Alle Patienten boten bereits bei der Geburt das typische klinische Bild mit Schwäche und Hypotonie einer mangelhaft angelegten Muskulatur. Die lichtmikroskopischen Veränderungen entsprechen weitgehend dem Endstadium der progressiven Muskeldystrophie. Im einzelnen werden erhebliche Kaliberschwankungen (atrophierte und pseudohypertrophierte Muskelfasern), hyalin-wachsartige und vacuoläre Degenerationen, grobschollige Verklumpungen des Sarkoplasma, discoide Fragmentierungen und granuläre Zerfallsprodukte anisotroper A-Streifen gefunden. Das interstitielle, endo- und perimysiale Binde- und Fettgewebe ist vermehrt (interstitielle Fibrose und Lipomatose). Lichtmikroskopisch ist eine Differentialdiagnose zwischen congenitaler Muskeldystrophie und progressiver Muskeldystrophie nicht möglich. Elektronenoptisch finden sich überwiegend Myofilamentalterationen, während die für die Frühphase der progressiven Muskeldystrophie typischen mitochondrialen und ergastoplasmatischen Alterationen fehlen. Hinsichtlich der Elektronenmikroskopie ist eine Differentialdiagnose beider Erkrankungen also durchaus möglich. Es wird diskutiert, ob die congenitale Muskeldystrophie eine besondere Gruppe der progressiven Muskeldystrophie darstellt, deren aktive, progredient-dystrophische Phase bereits während der Fetalperiode abläuft.
    Notes: Summary The light and electron miscroscopic findings in four cases of congenital muscular dystrophy are described. A severe muscular hypotonia and generalized weakness is characterized the clinical picture from birth. The histological findings resemble those seen in progressive muscular dystrophy. The light microscopic picture of the muscle is characterized by hyalin and vacuolar degenerations, coarse-grained aggregations of the sarcoplasm, discoidal fragmentations, granular disintegrations of the anisotrope A-disc, and endo- and perimysial fibrosis. Other histological features do not differ from those of other types of muscular dystrophy. The ultrastructural picture reveals significant disaray of contractile elements with minor changes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nuclei. The question is discussed therefore whether or not it is permissible to consider congenital muscular dystrophy as a variant of muscular dystrophy. In congenital muscular dystrophy that stage is already reached at or soon after birth. One must assume, therefore, that the active dystrophic process, ie, progressive weakening and wasting of muscle, took place before birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542716
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure and function of the so-called “microfold” or “membraneous” cells (M cells) by means of peroxidase as a tracer (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 390 (1981), S. 289-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Microfold (membraneous) cells ; Tuft cells ; Electron microscopy ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Sequential uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 79 NMRI mice and Wistar rats were used for ultrastructural investigations of the sequential uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by M cells. In addition the ultrastructure of the so-called tuft-cells was reported. HRP, a foreign protein antigen, was applied either by injection (Owen 1977), or by stomach tube. After variable exposure times (5 min to 3 h) segments of the distal small intestine, containing Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and liver tissue were removed. After fixation, they were reacted with H2O2-3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride and were examined by light and electron microscopy for HRP reaction products. The uptake of HRP mainly occurs through the M cells in the dome epithelium of Peyer's patches with a continual transport of the antigenic material into lymphoid cells, macrophages, and dendritic reticulum cells. In the 3 h specimens a few single HRP-positive lymphoid cells can be observed within the efferent lymphatics of Peyer's patches. In addition, a continual uptake of HRP by necrobiotic enterocytes was observed. It has also been shown that after 3 h HRP is located inside the Kupffer cells of the liver. These findings also support the presumption that antigenic material can be transmitted via the portal circulation. However, definite, quantitatively and permanently recorded uptake of HRP by brush border cells was not be observed. To exclude a toxic effect of the applied HRP on the enterocytic epithelium additional resorptive-physiological investigations were performed using the in vivo-perfusion-recirculation method and in vitro-accumulation of L-phenylalanine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496560
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epithelial framework of the thymus in normal and pathological conditions (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 392 (1981), S. 7-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keratin ; Filaments ; Epithelium ; Thymus ; Tumour diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autopsy specimens of normal human thymus, from cases of accidental involution, follicular hyperplasia, thymomas and a teratoma were investigated by immunocytochemistry using specific immune sera to small and large keratins. Keratin antisera represent a “marker” of both Hassall's corpuscles (HC) and so-called epithelial reticular cells. There were no apparent differences in keratin polypeptides distribution between cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells. In accidental involution, the epithelial framework became prominent: epithelial cortical borders and epithelial perivascular sheaths appeared often to be discontinous structures. The central and occasionally cystic spaces of HC did not react with keratin antisera. In follicular hyperplasia, almost solid epithelial aggregates were seen which were located around germinal centers. In thymic tumours, neoplastic epithelial cells displayed a marked immunorectivity with keratin antisera. Immune sera against keratin filaments represent an interesting tool in thymus research and in the diagnostic pathology of thymic tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430544
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