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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of histamine-H1 receptor antagonism with terfenadine on concentration-related AMP-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Selective histamine-H1 receptor antagonists inhibit adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-induced bronchoconstriction by 〉 80% when expressed as a percentage inhibition of the FEV1 time–response curve following inhalation of the provocation concentration of AMP required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline (PC20). To investigate this further we have determined that, in eight mild atopic asthmatic subjects, terfenadine (180 mg), administered 3 hr pre-challenge, increases the geometric mean PC20 for histamine from 0.4 (range 0.03–3) mg/ml after placebo, to 20.2 (range 0.6–64) mg/ml following active treatment (P〈0.0001). For AMP, the PC20 increased from 9.3 (range 1.0–113.3) mg/ml after placebo, to 150.2 (range 32.1–1177.7) mg/ml with terfenadine (P〈0.0001). This 16.2-fold (range, 5.5–47.9) displacement to the right of the AMP concentration–response curve by a selective histamine-H1 receptor antagonist emphasizes the central role of histamine in the airways response to this nucleotide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02406.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nedocromil sodium is more potent than sodium cromoglycate against AMP-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic asthmatic subjects (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nedocromil sodium is a new chemical entity which shows similar properties to sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and in addition exhibits a preferential activity in stabilizing mucosal mast cells. We have compared the effect of inhalation of nebulized placebo, SCG and nedocromil sodium on the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in eight atopic asthmatic subjects aged 25 yr (range 21–32 yr). The geometric mean provocation doses of AMP required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PD20 FEV1) and a 40% decrease in V˙max30 (PD40 V˙max30) following placebo were 4.9 (0.3–14.2) and 1.8 (0.1–8.4) μmol respectively. Prior inhalation of both SCG and nedocromil sodium significantly inhibited the bronchoconstrictor response to AMP with PD20FEV1s of 36.6 (4.0–132.7) and 134 (12.4–560), and PD40 V˙max30 values of 20.5 (1.4–110) and 101.6 (5–560) μmol respectively (P〈0.001). Nedocromil sodium was 3.9 (FEV1) and 8.0 (Vmax30) times more potent than SCG (P〈0.001). In conclusion, both drugs inhibit the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled AMP, and nedocromil is at least 4–8 times more potent than SCG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02385.x
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  • 3
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    Handicrafts in the Soviet Union (1943)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Africa. 14:4 (1943/1944) 209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-9720
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Political Science , Sociology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4011-1943-014-04-000009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of histamine and prostanoids to bronchoconstriction provoked by inhaled bradykinin in atopic asthma (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bradykinin, a nonapeptide cleavage product of high molecular weight kininogen, is a potent bronchoconstrictor agonist in asthma; however, its mechanism of action is not known. Since bradykinin has been shown to stimulate mediator release from mast cells and augment the release of prostanoids, we have examined the effect of a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, terfenadine and a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen on bronchoconstriction provoked by inhaled bradykinin in asthma. As a bronchial provocation procedure bradykinin challenge was repeatable to within 1 doubling dilution. In nine atopic asthmatic subjects, terfenadine 180 mg, when compared to placebo, increased the geometric mean provocation concentration of inhaled agonist required to reduce FEV, by 20% of baseline (PC20) from 0.7 to 〉 22.9 mg/ml for histamine (P 〈 0.01) and 0.3 to 0.5 mg/ml for bradykinin (P 〈 0.01). In a further nine atopic asthmatics, flurbiprofen 150 mg when compared to placebo produced a small but significant protection of the airways against bradykinin. geometric mean PC20 increasing from 0.40 to 0.79 mg/ml (P 〈 0.05). We conclude that bradykinin is a potent bronchoconstrictor agonist in asthma, being approximately 9.5 times more potent than histamine in molar terms. Pharmacological intervention with terfenadine and flurbiprofen led to a significant protection of the airways against the constrictor effect of bradykinin but the effect in each case was small. Thus, while histamine and prostanoids may contribute as mediators of bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction, they are unlikely to account for the majority of the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00480.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sequential approach to testing for structural change in econometric models (1989)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 14 (1989), S. 151-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary The paper shows that the sequential approach to testing econometric models, particularly testing for structural change, is both feasible and potentially very useful. In fact, this paper makes clear the possibility of using the sequential approach as suggested by Dhrymes et al. (1972) and shows that the statistical dependence between successive tests can be overcome in some cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01980594
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ weights, liver constituents, and serum components in growing chicks fed ochratoxin A (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chicks were fed diets containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg ochratoxin A (OA) over a four-week period to study the effects of OA on growth, weight of internal organs, liver RNA, DNA, protein, and glycogen and serum enzymes. Ochratoxin A depressed the rate of growth and relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, and increased the relative weights of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and various sections of the gastrointestinal tract, but had no effect on the heart and spleen. Concentrations of liver RNA, DNA and protein were decreased while glycogen was increased. Serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities, and uric acid and creatinine concentrations were elevated while serum proteins, albumin, phosphorus, potassium, and cholesterol were depressed. The effects of OA were time- and dose-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062365
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Difference in the Physiology of the Large Intestine between European and Indigenous Cattle in the Tropics (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 552-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It had already been found that there was a difference between the faeces of the two animals when E. Brauwer and E. J. v. Weerden1 published their investigations on the osmotic pressure of the gut contents of grades. We then determined freezing-point depressions and dry matters of the contents of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/180552a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double dissociation of the behavioural effects of R(+) 7–OH–DPAT infusions in the central and basolateral amygdala nuclei upon Pavlovian and instrumental conditioned appetitive behaviours (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 140 (1998), S. 458-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine ; 7-OH-DPAT ; D3 receptor ; Amygdala ; Central nucleus ; Basolateral nuclei ; Pavlovian conditioning ; Conditioned reward
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dopaminergic cell bodies located within the ventral mesencephalon innervate the amygdaloid complex, a region critically involved in the attribution of affective significance to environmental stimuli. Recently, we have shown that post-session intra-amygdala administration of a D3 dopamine receptor agonist enhances selectively the acquisition of an appetitive conditioned response. In the present study, we have investigated the potential involvement of the central nucleus and the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala in mediating this effect. Thus, rats were trained to associate an arbitrary stimulus (CS+) with the availability of 10% sucrose reward. Post-session infusions of the D3 receptor-preferring agonist, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT, were made into either the central nucleus or basolateral nuclei. Acquisition of a conditioned approach response was enhanced by R(+) 7-OH-DPAT infusions within the central nucleus, but not within the basolateral nuclei. Drug infusions into either region failed to affect approach behaviour elicited by presentation of a control stimulus (CS−), explicitly unpaired with sucrose reward. The effects of pre-test infusions of R(+) 7-OH-DPAT on the instrumental properties of the stimuli were then determined. Rats were presented with two novel levers, depression of one lever resulted in presentation of the CS+, while presentation of the CS− was contingent upon depression of the other lever. Rates of response upon each lever as well as the ability of the conditioned stimuli subsequently to elicit conditioned approach behaviour were recorded. Data revealed a double dissociation of the effects of R(+) 7-OH-DPAT on the expression of the Pavlovian and instrumental properties of the reward-related stimulus. Thus, within the central nucleus R(+) 7-OH-DPAT dose-dependently attenuated expression of the conditioned approach response, but had no effect upon instrumental responding maintained by the conditioned reward. In contrast, within the basolateral nuclei, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT had no effect upon expression of conditioned approach behaviour, but abolished selectively the ability of the reward-associated stimulus to support the acquisition of a novel instrumental response. Hence, these data indicate that distinct regions of the amygdaloid complex process distinct aspects of conditioned appetitive behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050790
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated d-amphetamine enhances stimulated mesoamygdaloid dopamine transmission (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 132 (1997), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine ; Sensitisation ; Microdialysis ; Amygdala ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway exhibits an enhanced dopaminergic response to a challenge injection of d-amphetamine or cocaine after repeated intermittent exposure to that drug. Much research has focused on the potential role of this sensitised response in the enhanced propensity of drug-associated stimuli to elicit relapse. However, the amygdala is acknowledged to play a critical role in stimulus-reward learning, and recent work suggests that the mesoamygdaloid dopamine pathway exerts a significant influence upon amygdala function. In the present study, rats were administered d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle once per day, for 14 days. After 11 untreated days, a locomotor assay showed that prior repeated administration of d-amphetamine led to a markedly enhanced locomotor response to 0.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine. There was no effect of d-amphetamine pretreatment upon the response to a novel environment, or to injection with vehicle. Following a total of 14 days in the home cage, subjects were implanted with microdialysis probes within the amygdala, and for comparison also within the nucleus accumbens. Baseline and d-amphetamine-stimulated (0.5 mg/kg) levels of extracellular dopamine were assessed for each brain region. Results showed that baseline levels of dopamine were very similar in sensitised and control animals. By contrast, prior treatment with d-amphetamine enhanced dopamine overflow in response to a challenge with d-amphetamine both in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. These results indicate that changes in the pattern of dopamine transmission both in the nucleus accumbens, and the amygdala, accompany the behavioural sensitisation observed after repeated exposure to d-amphetamine. Hence, an enhanced propensity of drug-associated stimuli to elicit relapse may not depend solely upon changes relating to the mesoaccumbens dopamine projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050342
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-sensitisation with d-amphetamine following repeated intra-perifornical sulpiride infusions (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 135 (1998), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050516
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