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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic Analysis of Myelin Proteolipid Protein and Its Deacylated Form (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Myelin proteolipid protein is known to contain covalently bound fatty acid. To determine the contribution of the fatty acid to the multiple bands observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic parameters of the proteolipid protein were compared with those of the deacylated form. The relative mobility and proportion of each band, as well as the retardation coefficient and free electrophoretic mobility, were not altered by removal of the fatty acid moiety. Furthermore, the acylated and deacylated forms bound the same amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These data demonstrate that the presence of covalently bound fatty acids does not account for the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the proteolipid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05547.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BINDING OF d-[DIMETHYL14C]TUBOCURARINE, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND PROTEOLIPIDS IN SUBCELLULAR MEMBRANES OF CEREBRAL CORTEX OF THE DEVELOPING RAT (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The cerebral cortex of rats at postnatal ages of 5,15,30 and 50 days was homogenized and fractionated to separate the crude mitochondrial fraction. This fraction was osmotically shocked and the Mi fraction and subfractions were separated. The variations with age in the morphological composition of subfractions M1 0·8, Mi 1·3 and M1p were studied under the electron microscope. Because of the changes observed in the various fractions the need for such type of control is stressed.The changes in total protein and proteolipid-protein of the fractions at different ages, as well as the acetylcholinesterase activity and the binding of d-[dimethyl−14C]tubocurarine were studied. The results obtained were interpreted on the basis of the important morphogenetic changes that the cerebral cortex undergoes postnatally. The progressive and parallel increase in acetylcholinesterase and in the binding of d-[dimethyl-14C]tubocurarine to proteolipids of fraction Mi 1·3, suggest a close relationship between these two events and the development of the cholinergic synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb00515.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ubiquitin–proteasome cascade is required for mammalian long-term memory formation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been recently demonstrated that ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated proteolysis is required for long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Here we show that the hippocampal blockade of this proteolytic pathway is also required for the formation of long-term memory in the rat. Bilateral infusion of lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, to the CA1 region caused full retrograde amnesia for a one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning when given 1, 4 or 7h, but not 10 h, after training. Proteasome inhibitor I produced similar effects. In addition, inhibitory avoidance training resulted in an increased ubiquitination and 26S proteasome proteolytic activity and a decrease in the levels of IkappaB, a substrate of the ubiquitin–proteasome cascade, in hippocampus 4 h after training. Together, these findings indicate that the ubiquitin–proteasome cascade is crucial for the establishment of LTM in the behaving animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01806.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Cytoskeletal Components of the Myelin Fraction Are Affected by a Single Intracranial Injection of Apotransferrin in Young Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 669-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Transferrin ; myelination ; myelin proteins ; cytoskeleton ; tubulin ; MAPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that in rat pups intracranially injected with a single dose of apotransferrin (aTf), there is an early oligodendroglial cell OLGc differentiation. The expression of the mRNAs of myelin basic proteins and of 2′,3′ cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase and the amount of the corresponding proteins, as well as myelin glycolipids and phospholipids, were significantly increased in these animals at 10 and 17 days of age. Microtubules and myelin basic proteins appear to be closely associated in OLGc and it has been shown that the mRNAs of myelin basic proteins are concentrated in the OLGc processes. The aim of this work was to clarify if the accelerated myelination produced by aTf could be linked to changes in certain cytoskeletal elements present in the myelin fraction such as tubulin, actin, and different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). A significant increase in the expression of the mRNA of tubulin and actin was observed in the brain of the aTf-treated animals. Several MAPs, particularly MAP 1B and stable tubule only peptide as well as actin and tubulin, were markedly increased in the Triton X-100 insoluble pellet obtained from the myelin fraction of these animals. The changes that we have previously described in the myelin of aTf intracranially injected rats, could be the consequence of its action on the cytoskeletal network of the OLGc. An enlargement of this structure would result in a more efficient and faster movement of the different components that are normally transported to the myelin by the cytoskeleton of this cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007515221008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro synthesis of myelin proteolipid protein from rat brain using a total homogenate system (1984)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 9 (1984), S. 1339-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro synthesis of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) was explored at different ages using rat brain total homogenates, incubated for 30 min with [3H]glycine. Total proteolipids, extracted from the incubated samples, were separated by SDSPAGE and the radioactivity was measured in the band corresponding to myelin PLP. The incorporation into PLP in relation to the incorporation into brain total proteins increased from 0.04% at 10 days of age to 0.63% at 20 days, and declined slowly thereafter. Time course experiments were carried out using brain homogenates obtained from rats of 20 days of age (i.e. at the period of maximal synthesis of PLP). Labeled PLP molecules were already found at 2.5 min of incubation and the incorporation of the label into this protein, relative to the incorporation into total proteins, did not vary throughout the entire incubation time (30 min). Pulsechase experiments using a similar system and adding cycloheximide at different incubation times showed that the appearance of label into mature PLP was immediately blocked by the inhibitor of protein synthesis. These data suggest that PLP is synthesized as such and not as a pre-protein which is subsequently processed to render mature PLP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973044
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and of [35S]sulfate into sulfatides of oligodendroglial cells during development: Effect of malnutrition (1985)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 10 (1985), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and of [35S]sulfate into sulfatides of oligodendroglial cells isolated from brain slices incubated with the radioactive precursor was studied in normal and malnourished rats at different ages. The pattern and the values of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA were similar in both groups of animals. The maximum value of incorporation was observed at 7 days of age decreasing rapidly thereafter and leveling off between 18–21 days. In both groups of animals labeling of sulfatides attained a maximum at 18 days of age, showing similar values of incorporation up to that age. However, at 21 days of age; the values corresponding to malnourished rats were found to be 40% lower in comparison to controls. The results suggest that (a) proliferation of oligodendroglial cells stops at similar ages in normal and malnourished rats, (b) expression of sulfatide synthesis by oligodendroglial cells is similar in both groups of animals up to 18 days, and (c) the starved rats seem to be unable to maintain normal synthesis of these galactolipids throughout the entire period of active myelinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964774
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal malnutrition in the rat affects the delivery of sulfatides from microsomes and their entry into myelin (1985)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 10 (1985), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brain slices from 18 day old normal and malnourished rats were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulfate to explore its incorporation into sulfatides of a total brain homogenate and the appearance of labeled sulfatides in different subcellular fractions. While the incorporation of label into sulfatides of the total homogenate was similar in both groups of animals, in subcellular fractions separated on a linear sucrose density gradient, labeling of sulfatides in malnourished animals was relatively higher in the region corresponding to the microsomal fraction. Time course incorporation and pulse-chase experiments were carried out to explore the kinetics of labeling of microsomal and myelin sulfatides. In pulse-chase experiments, normal controls showed a decrease in the specific radioactivity of sulfatides in the microsomal fraction after the chase, which was not observed in malnourished animals, while the appearance of labeled sulfatides in the myelin fraction of the latter group of animals was found to be lower than in normals. These results suggest that in neonatal malnutrition there is a defect in the transport of de novo synthesized sulfatides towards myelin or/and a problem in the assembly of these lipids into the myelin membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964566
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thyroid dysfunction upon phospholipid composition and CDP-choline incorporation in mitochondria and microsomal fraction isolated from liver and brain of suckling rats (1982)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 7 (1982), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The phospholipid composition and the in vitro incorporation of radioactive CDP-choline into phosphatidylcholine was studied in mitochondria and microsomal fraction obtained from liver and brain of 20 day old hyperthyroid or hypothyroid rats. The chemical composition of the subcellular membranes isolated from brain differed markedly in both conditions. In hyperthyroidism the microsomal fraction was slightly affected while the mitochondria were also affected, but not as severely as in hypothyroidism, in which the microsomal fraction showed no alterations. The incorporation of the radioactive precursor into brain mitochondria isolated from hyperthyroid rats was markedly decreased, while no changes were observed in microsomes. However, incorporation into brain microsomal fraction obtained from hypothyroid rats was increased, while no changes were observed in mitochondria. Similar results were obtained in the studies performed with liver subcellular membranes from hyperthyroid animals while no changes were found in those from hypothyroid rats. Our results indicate that both experimental conditions affect in a different way the structure and function of brain mitochondria and microsomal fractions. They also give further support to our hypothesis that mitochondria have a certain degree of autonomy for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the Ubiquitin Genes in Brain of Normal and Fe/Dextran Injected Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 22 (1997), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ubiquitin ; gene expression ; in situ hybridization ; oxidative stress ; protein degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using in situ hybridization techniques with an RNA probe coding for approximately 3.5 repeats of ubiquitin, corresponding to the polyubiquitin genes, we were able to demonstrate that under normal conditions the expression of the ubiquitin genes predominates specially in regions CA1, CA2 and CA3 of the hippocampus, in the dentate gyrus and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, being less prominent in neuronal cell bodies of the cerebral cortex. When the animals were submitted to an acute oxidative stress by injection of Fe/Dextran, the hybridization signal was apparently increased in the above mentioned regions of the hippocampus and in the cerebral cortex. On the other hand, the animals chronically injected with Fe/Dextran showed a highly intense gene expression in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum, particularly in the granular cell layer of this structure. The hybridization signal of the transcripts was absent in the Purkinje cells. The results suggest that the expression of the ubiquitin genes by CNS neurons depends on the anatomical location of the cells and that it increases as a consequence of the oxidative stress conditions to which they are submitted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027335021812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between the Ubiquitin-Dependent Pathway and Apoptosis in Different Cells of the Central Nervous System: Effect of Thyroid Hormones (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Granule cells ; oligodendrocytes ; thyroid hormones ; apoptosis ; ubiquitin ; proteasome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have recently shown that sustained neonatal hyperthyroidism in the rat activates apoptosis of oligodendroglial cells (OLGc) and that inhibition of the proteasome-ubiquitin (Ub) pathway by lactacystin produces increased apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). In the present study we have analyzed the relationship between the activation of the Ub-dependent pathway, the expression of the Ub genes and programmed cell death in neurons of the rat cerebellum and cerebral cortex and in OLGc. This study was carried out in normal animals, in rats submitted to sustained neonatal hyperthyroidism and in cell cultures treated with an excess of thyroid hormones. In neurons of the cerebral cortex, thyroid hormone produces an increase of Ub-protein conjugates, an enhancement in the expression of the Ub genes and an increase in apoptosis, while the opposite results are obtained in CGC. These results indicate that in neurons, the changes in the cell death program produced by thyroid hormone run in parallel with those occurring in the Ub-dependent pathway. In OLGc, thyroid hormone increases apoptosis but does not produce changes in the Ub pathway. Preliminary studies indicate that in coincidence with what occurs in optic nerves, the sciatic nerves both in controls and in hyperthyroid animals are unable to form Ub-protein conjugates. These results indicate that in cells of the CNS such as neurons, in which the Ub-dependent pathway is actively expressed, it appears to be closely correlated with apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007554902352
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