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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of Polymers Obtained from Arbuzov-Michaelis Reactions Involving Cyclic Phosphonites (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 1 (1968), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60003a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous ulcerative colitis: a re-appraisal of the mucosal granuloma in the distinction of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 41 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Granulomatous ulcerative colitis: a re-appraisal of the mucosal granuloma in the distinction of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis Aims: To determine whether the presence and location of giant cells or granulomas in relation to crypts distinguishes between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Methods and results: Twenty-nine large bowel mucosal biopsy specimens showing giant cells and/or granulomas in a background more typical of ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease were collected between 1986 and 1996. Each was subject to detailed independent analysis by three histopathologists. Follow-up of the cases was by examination of all previous and subsequent gastrointestinal surgical or biopsy material and by scrutiny of the clinical notes by a gastroenterologist. On the basis of the accumulated histological data 10 of these 29 cases were accorded the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. In nine of these 10 cases the clinical diagnosis, where known, was in keeping with this and all nine contained only crypt-associated giant cells and/or granulomas. The tenth case contained a solitary free-standing granuloma and clinically the patient had perianal disease, suggesting that the true diagnosis was Crohn's disease. Conclusions: Isolated giant cells and well-defined epithelioid granulomas distant from crypts do not, as a rule, occur in ulcerative colitis, and hence their presence in a colonoscopic biopsy showing features of chronic inflammatory bowel disease is a strong pointer towards the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Crypt-associated giant cells and granulomas can occur in ulcerative colitis and in themselves are unreliable features for the discrimination between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01416.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic domain confinement using nonplanar substrates (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3171-3173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies have been performed of ferromagnetic films deposited on nonplanar substrates. It is shown that the step edges act as efficient localization sites for domain boundaries. This process enables the fabrication of continuous magnetic films whose domain boundaries can be accurately positioned by prepatterning of the substrate. Magnetoresistance data confirm the formation of separate magnetic regions and the ability to switch the magnetization of these independently. This simple method has many applications for designing magnetic structures with controlled domain walls. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372317
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independently contacted double quantum well structure fabricated by molecular beam epitaxial regrowth (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 848-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Molecular beam epitaxial regrowth over a patterned substrate has been used to produce independent contacts to the two-dimensional electron gases in a double quantum well structure. Optimization of the growth conditions and incorporation of a buffer layer at the regrowth interface are critical to the success of these devices. This simple method provides a means of realizing full wafer production and increases the capability of producing mesoscopic devices in multiconducting layer systems. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independent contacting to electron layers in a double quantum well system using Pd-Ge shallow ohmic contacts (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 851-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel recess technique is used to produce reliable Pd-Ge ohmic contacts to GaAs/AlGaAs high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems, operating down to cryogenic temperatures. By altering the depth of the recess the diffusion length of the contacts is found to be less than 20 nm. Pd-Ge shallow ohmic contacts were also used for forming independent contacts to two 2DEGs in a double quantum well structure where the 2DEGs are separated by only a 20 nm AlxGa1−xAs(x=0.3) barrier. Tunnel current measurements and magnetoresistance analysis confirmed that the layers could be probed individually and that the carrier densities and mobilities of the separate layers could be accurately determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112180
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressibility studies of double electron and double hole gas systems (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Double layer structures have been used to measure the compressibility of both two-dimensional electron (2DEG) and two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG). This has been achieved by making independent contacts to the lower layer and using it to detect the compressibility of the upper layer. Both positive and negative compressibilities are observed, with the negative compressibility enhanced for hole gases, where the changes of the interaction energy are larger than those of the kinetic energy. The negative compressibility of the top layer leads to a charge transfer between the layers; this has been modelled and gives good agreement with the experiments when exchange and correlation is included. Due to disorder in the layers, however, the model deviates from the experimental results close to depletion. The dependence of the charge transfer upon distance between the electron gases has also been studied, with the charge transfer decreasing linearly with increasing spacing between the 2DEGs. This suggests that inter-layer interactions are insignificant. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116045
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large transconductances observed in an independently contacted coupled double quantum well (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3018-3020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Lateral transport in a coupled double quantum well has been studied in a system where each layer can be measured independently. Front and back gates were used to vary the carrier densities in the two wells and hence control the degree of electron coupling. When the carrier densities in the two 2DEGs were matched, the coupling was found to be strongest and resulted in a decrease in the resistance of the measured 2DEG. By using a structure with a low mobility 2DEG in parallel with a high mobility one, we demonstrate a device that displays large resistance changes and a correspondingly high transconductance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111390
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-induced leakage current in ultrathin SiO2 films (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1809-1811 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of the phenomena of high field stress-induced leakage current in thin oxide (5.0–8.0 nm) metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors has been undertaken. The dependence of the stress leakage on the stressing electric field and the oxide thickness were obtained. The results show that the stressing voltage, rather than the electric field, is the dominant factor for determining stress-induced leakage. Furthermore, a threshold exists for the stressing voltage, below which no stress-induced leakage occurs. Since the voltage is directly related to the electron energy, these findings are consistent with a model where electrons of energy above a threshold are required to produce the observed stress leakage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111789
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic property of photosensitive film formed during corrosion of copper in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of bromine (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 3 (1973), S. 303-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A photosensitive film was observed on copper plates during corrosion in aqueous and non-aqueous bromine solutions. Sunlight, when incident on the photosensitive film formed, left an image of the markings on the Pyrex glass container through which light was incident on the plate. Photoelectric measurements of the semi-conducting properties of the reaction product of the copper and the bromine solutions have been correlated with image formation. A change in polarity was noted during film formation, the mechanism of which is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613037
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic property of photosensitive film on copper in solutions of potassium iodide (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 3 (1973), S. 341-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613043
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