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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coinoculation of containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seedlings with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria bicolor and Rhizopogon spp. (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1999), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Coinoculation ; Fungal colonization ; Mixed inoculum ; Alginate inoculum ; Reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Coinoculations with mycelium of Laccaria bicolor and spores of Rhizopogon spp. included in alginate gel have been carried out to determine: (1) the ability of the mixed inoculum to produce dual-colonized containerized Douglas-fir and maritime pine planting stocks and (2) the colonization pattern of the two fungi in individual root systems. For both tree species, the maximal proportion of dual-colonized seedlings obtained almost never exceeded 50%. The rest of the seedlings remained colonized by a single fungus or were non-colonized. In Douglas-fir inoculations, the relationship between the dual-colonized seedlings obtained and the initial dose of the two fungi was highly significant. The highest proportion of dual-colonized seedlings was obtained when the highest dose of R. subareolatus was used (106 spores/seedling), regardless of the dose of L. bicolor. Among the treatments producing 25% or more dual-colonized seedlings, differences in the proportion of Laccaria/Rhizopogon mycorrhizas and total root colonization percentages were not clearly related to the initial combination of doses. The proportion of dual-colonized maritime pine seedlings was not significantly related to the initial inoculation doses of the two fungi. The proportion of Laccaria/Rhizopogon mycorrhizas was not significantly different among treatments with 25% or more dual-colonized seedlings, whereas total colonization percentages ranged from 37% with the combination 0.08/104 (g L. bicolor / spores R. roseolus per seedling) to 74% with the combination 0.08/106, this difference being statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050233
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus pinaster (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Maritime pine ; Mycorrhizae ; Pure culture synthesis ; Reforestation ; Host specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A study was undertaken to determine the ability to form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus pinaster Ait. in pure culture syntheses of 98 isolates of putative mycorrhizal fungi, mainly collected in northern Spain. A total of 35 species in 16 genera –Amanita, Cenococcum, Collybia, Cortinarius, Hebeloma, Laccaria, Lactarius, Lyophyllum, Melanogaster, Paxillus, Pisolithus, Rhizopogon, Scleroderma, Suillus, Thelephora and Xerocomus– formed ectomycorrhizae. Many of these fungal species were not previously reported as symbiotic with Pinus pinaster. Results obtained increase the range of potential fungal candidates for inoculation of nursery seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050059
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ability of native ectomycorrhizal fungi from northern Spain to colonize Douglas-fir and other introduced conifers (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Douglas-fir ; Ectomycorrhizas ; Host specificity ; Pure culture syntheses ; Reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Thirty-six isolates from 27 species of native ectomycorrhizal fungi collected in northern Spain were tested for ectomycorrhiza formation with Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings in pure culture syntheses. Thirteen of those species were also tested for ectomycorrhiza formation with six other species of conifers (two native and four introduced) to compare their colonization potential. Twenty-three fungal isolates from 18 species formed ectomycorrhizas with Pseudotsuga menziesii. The colonization level of the root system varied markedly among the different fungal species. Eight fungi colonized over 50% of the short roots. Nine fungi did not form ectomycorrhizas even though some of them were collected in pure stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii. Laccaria laccata, Lyophyllum decastes, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Scleroderma citrinum formed abundant ectomycorrhizas on all the conifers tested. Lactarius deliciosus, Rhizopogon spp., and Suillus luteus showed the greatest host specificity. The success in the introduction of some exotic conifers for reforestation in northern Spain is discussed in relation to their compatibility with native ectomycorrhizal fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptiveness of forest soils to ectomycorrhizal association: (1997)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1997), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Soil receptiveness ; Ectomycorrhizal association ; Laccaria bicolor ; Bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Soil receptiveness to a mycorrhizal association can be estimated by standard bioassay from a dose-response relationship. The method was developed using the association Pinus pinaster or Pseudotsuga menziesii with Laccaria bicolor as a model and was successfully used to characterize the receptiveness of two forest soils. From a physical and chemical point of view, both soils were receptive to the Laccaria bicolor association. Our results show that microbial factors are very important in the receptiveness of soil to ectomycorrhizal association. Ectomycorrhizal development on seedlings at outplanting sites is discussed in relation to soil receptiveness and the ecological competence of selected strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050149
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field performance in northern Spain of Douglas-fir seedlings Inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Pseudotsuga menziesii ; Laccaria bicolor ; Melanogaster ambiguus ; Rhizopogon subareolatus ; Rhizopogon colossus ; Reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Experimental plantations were established in northern Spain to determine the effects of different ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth and survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) under field conditions. Douglas-fir seedlings were inoculated with Laccaria bicolor S238 mycelia in two bareroot nurseries in central France or with spore suspensions of three hypogeous ectomycorrhizal species: Melanogaster ambiguus, Rhizopogon colossus and R. subareolatus, in a Spanish containerised nursery. The effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on plant survival after outplanting were limited, being only significant at the Guipuzkoan (Spain) site, when plants inoculated with L. bicolor S238 were compared to non-inoculated plants grown in non-fumigated soil. L. bicolor S238 had a significant effect on plant growth during the phase of bareroot nursery growth and this difference was maintained after field outplanting. Nursery inoculations with M. ambiguus, R. colossus and R. subareolatus improved plant growth during the first 2 and 3 years after field outplanting. The positive effects of the inoculation treatment on seedling height, root collar diameter and stem volume persisted after 5 years of field growth. Inoculation with these ectomycorrhizal fungi may improve the field performance of Douglas-fir seedlings in northern Spain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Pinus pinea L. in northeastern Spain (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1999), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Stone pine ; Synthesis of mycorrhizas ; Containerized seedlings ; Mycelial inoculum produced in peat-vermiculite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Although Pinus pinea L. is an important forest species in the Mediterranean region, few reports exist on its ectomycorrhizal associates. Sixty isolates, obtained from fungal sporocarps collected in mixed forests of P. pinea in Catalonia (northeastern Spain), were tested for ectomycorrhiza formation on containerized P. pinea seedlings when applied as mycelial inoculum produced in peat-vermiculite. A total of 17 isolates, in 8 genera (Amanita, Hebeloma, Laccaria, Lactarius, Pisolithus, Rhizopogon, Scleroderma and Suillus), formed ectomycorrhizas and the percentages of mycorrhizal short roots varied among isolates and species from 13% to 89%. Some of these fungi are cited for the first time in association with P. pinea. The results indicate further fungal candidates for controlled inoculation of P. pinea seedlings in the nursery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050245
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in soil quality and performance of mycorrhizal Cistus albidus L. seedlings resulting from addition of microbially treated sugar beet residue to a degraded semiarid Mediterranean soil (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A field experiment was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a combined treatment, involving addition of Aspergillus niger-treated sugar beet (SB) residue in the presence of rock phosphate and mycorrhizal inoculation of seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius. The aim was to improve the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of a degraded semiarid Mediterranean soil. Short-term effects of such improvements on the establishment of Cistus albidus L. seedlings were evaluated. Eight months after planting, macronutrients (NPK), total carbohydrates, water-soluble C, water-soluble carbohydrates, microbial biomass C and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) measured in the rhizosphere soil of C. albidus were increased greatly by addition of fermented SB residue. Soil structural stability improved only with the fermented SB addition (about 79% higher in the amended soils than in the non-amended soils). The mycorrhizal inoculation was the most effective treatment in improving the growth of C. albidus plants, but only slightly improved soil quality. Growth of inoculated plants was about 33% greater than plants grown in the amended soil and about 131% greater than control plants. The combined benefit of mycorrhizal inoculation of seedlings and addition of fermented SB residue to soil on plant growth was similar to that of the treatments applied individually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00316.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in susceptibility of Quercus suber to Botryosphaeria stevensii and Phytophthora cinnamomi (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Monthly inoculations of both intact plants and excised shoots of Quercus suber with the pathogenic species Botryosphaeria stevensii and Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed to investigate seasonal changes in susceptibility of this forest tree species in relation to environmental parameters and plant water status. Infection symptoms were mainly detected on seedlings inoculated from spring to autumn (April through October) with either pathogen. Mean canker sizes also showed a seasonal pattern, the higher values being recorded in the same period as above. Lesion lengths were significantly (P 〈 0·001) related to environmental minimum temperature. Mean daily minimum temperatures within the range of 5–12°C clearly inhibited lesion development of P. cinnamomi, whereas B. stevensii showed a less pronounced decrease in canker expansion at the same temperature range. In excised shoots of Q. suber inoculated monthly with B. stevensii, a negative linear relationship was found between the studied range of plant relative water content (81–91%) and canker length. In contrast, the lesions caused by P. cinnamomi were not significantly (P = 0·32) related to any seasonal change in water content. Some control measures for the diseases caused by both pathogens are discussed on the basis of the seasonal changes in host susceptibility observed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00713.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propriétés mécaniques de composites ciment-fibres organiques (1995)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 28 (1995), S. 220-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Six short organic fibres (polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyaramide and carbon) were used to reinforce cement based matrices. Two contents of reinforcement were investigated: one, variable in the range 0.35–1.40%, corresponding to a composite presenting the same cost as a glass fibre reinforced composite containing 2.5% glass fibres; and a second with a 6% content. Three-point flexure tests were performed and the indices of toughness were computed. The results indicate that the behaviour of the composites is brittle when the fibre content is low, except when polypropylene and poly(vinyl alcohol) fibres are used, or ductile for higher fibre contents, except when carbon and polyaramide fibres are used.
    Notes: Résumé Les performances mécaniques de composites à matrice cimentaire renforcée par différentes fibres courtes organiques sont analysées à partir de l'évolution de l'indice de ténacité pour deux pourcentages de renfort: le premier, variable, correspond à la fabrication d'un composite isocoût d'un composite ciment-fibres de verre mis en oeuvre par coulage-vibration; le second est fixe: 6% en poids de la matrice. Dans le premier cas, le comportement des composites est en général fragile; il devient ‘élastique-plastique’ avec les fibres de polypropylène et de polyvinylalcool. Dans le second cas, on obtient majoritairement des matériaux ‘écrouissables’ sauf avec les fibres de carbone et de polyaramide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth response of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) to inoculation withGlomus mosseae, Trichoderma aureoviride andPythium ultimum in a peat-perlite mixture (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glomus mosseae ; microbial interactions ; Pythium ultimum ; Tagetes erecta ; Trichoderma aureoviride ; VA-mycorrhizae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between the mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae, the plant pathogenPythium ultimum, and a pathogen-antagonistTrichoderma aureoviride in the rhizosphere ofTagetes erecta (marigold) were studied for their effects on plant growth in a peat-perlite substrate. Mycorrhizal fungus inoculation protected the plant againstP. ultimum, since both phytomass production and foliar development were higher in mycorrhizal plants.T. aureoviride had no effect on nonmycorrhizal plants in the presence or absence ofP. ultimum. However, more biomass was produced by mycorrhizal plants whenT. aureoviride was present, whether or not soil was infested withP. ultimum. ei]R Rodriguez-Kabana
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185378
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