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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Platinum complexes ; polyaspartamide conjugates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In continuation of previous investigations aiming at the development of macromolecular metal complexes for biomedical use, this communication describes poly(alkylene oxide)-grafted polymeric platinum complexes. The platinum-containing macromolecules are obtained from presynthesized polyaspartamide carriers bearing poly(ethylene/propylene oxide) side chains and hydroxyethyl side groups as hydrosolubilizing units in addition to ethylenediamine side group terminals for metal coordination. Platination is brought about by treatment of the carriers with tetrachloroplatinate(II) ion in aqueous solution at 25–60°C. pH 4–6. The polymeric products, purified by dialysis in aqueous solution, are isolated by freeze-drying in yields of 60–80%. Platinum contents are in the range of 4–15%. The metal is bound to the carrier through chelation with the ethylenediamine ligands, forming square-planarcis-dichloroethylenediamine-platinum(II) complex species as side-chain terminals. Initially, the product polymers dissolve smoothly in water. Although on room-temperature storage in the solid state they gradually turn insoluble as a consequence of intermolecular solid-state interaction, solubility is retained on low-temperature storage and in frozen aqueous solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 7 (1997), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Monoamineplatinum(II) complexes ; polyaspartamides ; water-soluble conjugates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In continuation of earlier work in this laboratory comprising the synthesis of water-soluble polyaspartamide-monoamineaquadichloroplatinum conjugates as potential antineoplastic agents, the presently described project is concerned with related conjugates in which the same type of monoamineplatinum complex unit is bound to polyaspartamide carriers via main chain-attached poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) spacers introduced here in order to improve certain biomedical performance features. The conjugates are synthesized by aqueous-phase platination of amine terminals on the PEO side chains of the carriers, brought about by treatment with tetrachloroplatinate(II) anion under closely controlled conditions of time, temperature, and acidity, followed by dialysis. The target polymers, separated by freeze-drying, are completely water soluble upon isolation, yet undergo slow intermolecular interaction in the solid state with a gradual loss of solubility unless stored in (frozen) aqueous solution at −30°C.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary cis-Dichlorocyclopentylamine(dimethyl sulphoxide)-platinum(II) is obtained, in addition to small quantities of the corresponding trans compound, by reaction of K2PtCl4 with cyclopentylamine in DMSO solution, where it is formed as the thermodynamically favoured isomer. An X-ray crystal structure analysis confirms the cis configuration. Coordination around the metal centre is square planar, and the ligand bond angles at the Pt atom are close to the expected values of 90 and 180°. The DMSO ligand is S-coordinated to Pt. The Pt-Cl bond lengths, 2.299(2) and 2.317(2) Å, are normal for structures of this type, as are the Pt-N and Pt-S bond distances, 2.059(5) and 2.191(2) Å, respectively.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Treatment ofcis-dichlorobis(dimethyl sulphoxide)platinum(II) [1] with an excess oftert-butylamine in MeOH yieldstert-butylamine-trans-dichloro(dimethyl sulphoxide)-platinum(II) [(tr-5)], rather than thecis-diaminechloro-(dimethyl sulphoxide)platinum(II) cation expected by analogy with similar reactions reported in the literature. The correspondingcis isomer [(cis-5)] is prepared from the same reactants (and similarly from K2PtCl4 andtert-butylamine) in DMSO medium, in which the initially formedtrans compound partially isomerizes to the thermodynamically favouredcis complex. The molecular structure of (cis-5) is determined by X-ray analysis. The coordination around the Pt atom is square-planar, and the DMSO ligand is S-coordinated. The lengths of the Pt-Cl bondscis andtrans to the DMSO ligand are 2.296(11) and 2.321(10) Å, respectively, and are well within expected ranges. Interatomic distances within the amine and DMSO ligands are normal.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Polykondensation aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren wie Bernsteinsäure, Iminodiessigsäure und Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure (die als difunktionelles Monomeres reagierte) mit Diaminen wie Diethylentriamin, l, 2-Bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethan und den beiden löslichkeitsverbesserenden Polyethylenoxid-Derivaten α,ω-Bis(2-aminopropyl)polyethylenglykol800 (Jeffamine ED-900) und α,ω-Bis-(2-aminopropyl)- poly-ethylenglykol 1900 (Jeffamine ED-2001) wurden hydrophile Polyamide mit Aminooder Carboxygruppen in ihren Wiederholungseinheiten hergestellt, die zur Ankopplung physiologisch aktiver Substanzen geeignet sind. Die Reaktionen wurden in Polyphosphorsäure im optimalen Temperaturbereich von 150- 165°C durchgefuhrt. Die Produktpolymeren wurden durch Dialyse wäßriger Lösungen fraktioniert und durch Gefriertrocknung isoliert. Die Ausbeuten, die von 1% bis nahe 40% reichten, zeigen für das fluchtige Diethylentriamin unter diesen Bedingungen eine geringe Tendenz zur Polykondensation und eine mittelmanige Reaktionsneigung fur die thermolabilen Jeffamine-Reaktanden, während für das Bis(aminopropylamino)ethan eine zufriedenstellende Polykondensationsbereitschaft gefunden wurde. Die mikroanalytisch und spektroskopisch charakterisierten Polyamide verfügen über eine  -  für biomedizinische Anwendungen wichtige  -  ausreichende Wasserlöslichkeit. Die inhärenten Viskositäten in diesem Medium liegen im Bereich von 5 - 15 ml g-1. Die Nutzung dieser Polymeren zur Verankerung von Medikamenten wird Gegenstand weiterer Veröffentlichungen sein.
    Notes: Hydrophilic polyamides containing amino or carboxyl groups in the repeat units suitable for drug binding are synthesized by polycondensation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, including succinic acid, iminodiacetic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (reacting as a difunctional monomer in these polymerizations), with diamines, such as diethylenetriamine, 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, and the two hydrosolubilizing poly(ethylene oxide) derivatives, α,ω-bis(2-aminopropyl)poly(ethylene glycol) 800 (Jeffamine ED-900) and α,ω-bis(2-aminopropyl)poly(ethylene glycol) 1900 (Jeffamine ED-2001). The reactions are conducted in polyphosphoric acid medium at the optimal temperature range of 150-165°C. The product polymers, fractionated by aqueous-phase dialysis in 12000-14000 molecular-mass cut-off membrane tubing, are isolated by freeze-drying. Yield data, ranging from 1% to nearly 40% for the material so fractionated, indicate low propensity for polycondensation under these conditions for the volatile diethylenetriamine monomer, and only moderately better performance for the thermally labile Jeffamines, yet satisfactory polymerization behaviour for the bis(aminopropylamino)ethane. The microanalytically and spectroscopically characterized polyamides fulfil the biomedically important requirement of solubility in water; inherent viscosities in this medium are in the approximate range of 5-15 ml · g-1. The drug-anchoring capabilities of these polymers will be the subject of forthcoming publications.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zwölf wasserlösliche N-substituierte Polyaspartamide wurden aus Polysuccinimid 1 durch nucleophile Ringöffnung hergestellt und elementaranalytisch sowie spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die relative Hydrolysebeständigkeit der Hauptketten wurde durch 24-48 h dauernde Dialyse wäßriger Lösungen der Polymeren bestimmt, um deren Eignung als homo- oder copolymere Träger für biologisch aktive Substanzen zu prüfen. In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Arbeiten zeigte sich, daß die N-(2-Aminoethyl)- und N-(3-Aza-6-oxahexyl)-substituierten Derivate 2a und 2b (10-20% Rückgewinnung nach 48 h) sehr unbeständig und das 3,6-Diazahexyl-substituierte Derivat 2c (45% Rückgewinnung) relative unbeständig waren. Diese drei Substanzen sind daher für eine Kupplungsreaktion mit biologisch aktiven Substanzen in wäßriger Lösung ungeeignet, es sei denn, daß eine solche Reaktion kurzzeitig durchgeführt werden kann. Eine gute bis ausgezeichnete Stabilität mit einer Rückgewinnung im Bereich 70-95% weisen jedoch die Polymeren 2d-21 auf, welche keine primären oder sekundären Aminogruppen in der Seitenkette tragen, die weniger als drei C-Atome vom Amid-Stickstoff entfernt sind. Diese Polyaspartamide sind die N-(3-Aminopropyl)-, N-(3-Aminohexyl)-und N-(3-Piperazinylethyl)-substituierten Derivate 2e, 2f und 2h mit einer primären oder sekundären Aminfunktion als Ankergruppe und das N-(2-(Dimethoxy)-ethyl)-Derivat 21, das als Vorstufe für ein formyl-funktionalisiertes Trägerpolymeres von Interesse ist. Schließlich bieten sich die Monomereinheiten 2i und 2j mit 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl-bzw. 3-(Morpholin-4-yl)propyl-Substituenten als löslichkeitsverbessernde Segmente in Copolymeren an, die zusätzliche Wiederholungseinheiten mit Ankergruppen tragen.
    Notes: A total of 12 water-soluble N-substituted polyaspartamides, some of these previously reported, are synthesized from the polysuccinimide 1 by nucleophilic ring opening and are characterized microanalytically and spectroscopically. The relative hydrolytic mainchain stabilities of the product polymers are evaluated in dialysis tests (6000-8000 molecular-mass cut-off) performed over periods of 24-48 h in aqueous solution in an effort to assess their suitability as homo- or copolymeric carriers for aqueous-phase coupling to biologically active agents. In agreement with previous work, resistance to main-chain degradation is found to be very poor with the N-(2-aminoethyl)- and N-(3-aza-6-oxahexyl)-substituted derivatives 2a and 2b (10-20% recovery after 48 h), and moderately poor with the 3,6-diazahexyl-substituted 2c (45% recovery). These three representatives, hence, cannot efficaciously be subjected to aqueous-phase drugcoupling reactions save for short exposure times. Good to excellent stabilities, however, with product recoveries in the 70-95% range, are shown by the remainder of polymers, 2d-21, all of which are characterized by the absence of primary or secondary amino groups in the side chains separated from the amide nitrogen atom by less than three carbon atoms. Polyaspartamides selected from this group for their promising drug coupling potential include the N-(3-aminopropyl)-, N-(3-aminohexyl)-, and N-(2-ṕiperazinylethyl)-substituted types 2e, 2f and 2h possessing primary or secondary amine functions as anchoring sites, and the N-(2-(dimethoxy)ethyl) derivative 21, of interest as the precursor to a formyl-functionalized carrier polymer. Lastly, the units of 2i and 2j, featuring 3-(dimethylamino)propyl and 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl substituents, lend themselves as solubilizing segments in copolymers that comprise additional repeat units equipped with drug-anchoring sites.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Platinum ; polymer ; amine ; carcinostatic ; polymers ; polyaspartamide ; complexes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the light of the observed carcinostatic activity of the monoamineplatinum complexes K[PtCl3(NH3)] and K[PtCl3(t-butylamine)], it has been of interest in this laboratory to develop water-soluble, antineoplastic conjugates in which square-planar platinum complex structures of the monoamineplatinum type are linked to suitable carrier polymers possessing water solubility for improved pharmacokinetics. In the present paper the synthesis is described of conjugates in which each platinum atom is coordinated to a single, primary amine ligand provided by a water-soluble polyaspartamide-type carrier. Microanalytical data suggest the remaining three coordination sites on the metal center to be occupied on average by one aquo and two chloro ligands. The carriers, prepared by a known method from polysuccinimide by stepwise aminolytic ring-opening, are designed so as to feature randomly placed hydrosolubilizing units and metal-binding units in a ratio of 3:1, thus providing spatial insulation between the latter and minimize intramolecular interaction between the platinum complexes incorporated subsequently. Platination of the carriers is brought about by treatment with K2PtCl4 in aqueous solution at 25-60 °C in the pH range 5-6, and the polymer-platinum conjugates are purified and isolated in 50-70% yield by aqueous-phase dialysis and freeze-drying. The extent of platination attained depends inter alia on the Pt/NH2 feed ratio (equivalents of tetrachloroplatinate per carrier base unit); in optimal cases complete metal coordination to the carrier-attached primary-amine ligands is achieved with a feed ratio of 1.4:1. The conjugates, initially showing complete solubility in water, tend to undergo an ageing process on storage believed to involve intermolecular solid-state interaction of the bound platinum complexes with proximate amine sites, resulting in gradual loss of solubility. In frozen aqueous solution, however, the conjugates are stable for extended periods of time.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 275-285 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Polyaspartamide-type drug carriers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly-D, L-succinimide (1) is converted to copolyaspartamides of the general type 2 by sequential treatment with diamine nucleophiles R′—NH2 and R″—NH2, in which R′ is a group containing a tertiary amine function providing water solubility, and R″ represents a substituent comprising primary or secondary amino groups capable of interaction with suitably carboxyl- or carbonyl-functionalized drug models. The reactions are performed in dimethylformamide medium under mild, yet carefully controlled conditions conducive to aminolytic imide ring opening in the educt polymer without causing crosslink formation through difunctional interaction of the R″—NH2 co-nucleophile. The perfectly water-soluble polymeric products (ηinn, 5-30 ml/g), purified and isolated by dialysis (12,000-14,000 molecular mass cut-off) and freeze-drying, are of interest as macromolecular carrier species for pharmaceuticals and other biologically active agents. The drug-binding potential of the target polymers is demonstrated by the coupling, through active ester intermediacy, of phenylacetic acid as a representative drug model to selected copolyamides.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 867-872 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: polymeric drug carriers ; water solubility ; oligo(ethylene oxide) segments ; cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) conjugates ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Following a brief discussion of the concept of polymer-drug conjugation and the use of platinum drugs in cancer therapy, the paper presents recent results in the synthesis of water-soluble polymeric carriers designed for the binding of antineoplastic coordination compounds of the cisplatin type. The target polymers, specifically, are linear aliphatic polyamides comprising the ethylenediamine ligand system in the main chain as the potential metal binding site. With solubility in aqueous media a key requirement for intravenously injectable conjugates, the polymers also contain hydrosolubilizing oligo(ethylene oxide) units in the chain, which serve the additional purpose of imparting resistance to serum protein binding and capture by the reticuloendothelial system. The synthesis methods include interfacial polymerization, high-temperature solution polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid and Michael addition polymerization, with 1,2-bis(2-aminoethylamino)ethane and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane used as the amine comonomers providing the ethylenediamine ligand segment. The target polymers, crudely fractionated by dialysis in 25,000 molecular-mass cult-off tubing, are isolated by freeze-drying as water-soluble solids possessing inherent viscosities of 10-20 ml/g. A selected carrier polymer is converted to the corresponding water-soluble cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) conjugate by treatment with tetrachloroplatinate(II) anion in aqueous solution.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In continuation of previous investigations of aspartamide-type polymers as drug carriers, polyaspartamides featuring hydrosolubilizing poly(alkylene oxide) side chains in addition to ethylenediamine side-group functions as potential drug-binding sites are synthesized from poly-D,L-succinimide by successive aminolytic ring-opening steps. Yields are in the range of 45-55%. Depending on selected feed ratios, the target polymers contain both the poly(alkylene oxide) and the ethylenediamine groups in systematically varied proportions. Compositions are determined microanalytically and from relative band intensities of the 1H-NMR spectra. The polymers dissolve smoothly and completely in aqueous media and thus fulfill the major design requirement of water solubility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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