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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 25-26 (Jan. 1988), p. 293-302 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 187 (1991), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 162-169 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Permittivity ; dielectric constant ; thin water layer ; decay length of surface orientation ; surface polarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  A new method for determining the static permittivity (dielectric constant) of extremely thin liquid interlayers is illustrated. A special condenser, which can be filled with a test liquid, is constructed. Both condenser plates – one planar, the other spherically curved – are made of vitreous carbon and are supplied with a high-grade politure. In order to adjust plate separation distances from 10 nm up to about some μm the planar plate can be easily shifted by a piezoelectric translation stage; the plate separation is monitored by an optical system supported by displacement transducers. The measuring frequency was kept constant at 1 MHz. Water was chosen as the test liquid. At 19.8 °C thin water layers having thickness smaller than 0.3 μm exhibit a decrease of the dielectric constant. The experimental data are consistent with a decay length α-1 of the order of 1 nm which in view of the underlying crude model must be regarded as approximative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 151 (1969), S. 175-185 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Cryogenic surgery ; Freezing ; Kältechirurgie ; Physikalische Grundlagen des Gefrierens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einem aus einer Analysenwaage konstruierten Spezialgerät wurden Untersuchungen an je vier Leber- und vier Hirngewebsproben zur Frage der Haftfähigkeit der Cooperschen Kältesonde am Gewebe vorgenommen. Gemessen wurden Zugkraft und Dilatation in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Es erwies sich, daß die Haftfähigkeit einmal mit dem Wassergehalt ansteigt und zweitens von gewebsspezifischen Faktoren abhängig ist. Wird eine mechanisch brauchbare Festigkeit der Haftzone und des angrenzenden Gewebes bei der Kälteanwendung verlangt, so ist es zweckmäßig, bis zu −60° C und tiefer abzukühlen, wenn das Gewebe wasserarm ist. Bei wasserreichem Gewebe genügt bereits eine Abkühlung auf unterhalb von −20° C. Soll die Kältehaftung gering sein, so empfiehlt sich, eine Vereisungstemperatur von −20° C nicht zu unterschreiten.
    Notes: Summary With the use of a modified analytical balance investigations were carried out on four liver and four brain tissue samples to determine the adhesive capacity to the tissues of the Cooper cryogenic probe. Tensile strength and dilation were measured in terms of temperature change. It was shown that the adhesive strength firstly rises according to the water content of the tissue and secondly, depends on specific properties of the tissue. In the case of tissues with a relatively low water content, temperatures of −60° C and lower are required in order to attain an adequate adhesive bond for cryogenic extractions. For tissues with a relatively high water content, this effect can be obtained at temperature below −20° C. Is a minimal rigidity of the adhesive zone desired, temperatures of not lower than −20° C should be applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 1 (1968), S. 529-534 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An apparatus for the determination of the viscosity coefficient of water in the neighbourhood of a quartz glass surface is described. The law of Stefan-Reynolds is applied in a special modification. The relative viscosity coefficient of water between two quartz glass plates having a distance smaller than 100 Å lies beyond 10 for small shearing stresses. Increasing shearing stresses lead to smaller values of the relative viscosity coefficient of such water zone, so that a non-Newtonian behaviour of flowing water in very thin layers can be accepted.
    Notes: Résumé On décrit un appareil pour la détermination du coefficient de viscosité de l'eau au voisinage d'une surface de quartz transparent. On applique ici une variante de la loi de Stefan-Reynolds. Le coefficient de viscosité relatif de l'eau entre deux plaques de quartz transparent maintenues à seulement 100 Å l'une de l'autre est de plus de 10 pour les faibles contraintes de cisaillement. Des contraintes de cisaillement croissantes déterminent des valeurs plus faibles du coefficient de viscosité relative, et l'on peut donc admettre que l'eau, sous forme de ces couches très minces, se caractérise par un écoulement non newtonien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 614-614 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 558-558 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 61 (1974), S. 215-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 444-451 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Surface forces ; surface hydration ; electrical double layer ; disjoining pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between two high-grade polished fused silica plates separated by a thin layer of aqueous LiCl, NaCl and KCl solution, respectively, was determined by means of a selfdeveloped method. Concerning the repulsion created by overlap of the electrical double layers excellent agreement with the DLVO theory down to separation of about 5 nm were found. For still smaller separations a relatively strong additional repulsion arises which according to experimental evidence might be assigned to the overlap of hydration layers emanating chiefly from the alkali metal halide ions adsorbed onto the silica surfaces. Our results agree well with those obtained by Israelachvili et al. and Pashley, who used mica sheets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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