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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 17 (1979), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Brain ; Cerebral blood flow ; Intracerebral PO2 ; PCO2 ; Mass spectrometry ; Thermoclearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Continuous measurements of blood flow and partial pressures of physiological gases have been made simultaneously in the same structure of the brain. This was made possible by the development of 2 techniques (a) blood flow measurement by a thermal clearance technique using a single probe heated sequentially (b) tissue gas partial pressure measurement by means of mass spectrometric analysis of minute amounts of gas drawn out of the tissue via an implanted cannula. Probe responses were linear functions of the 2 variables measured, and observed variations could therefore be expressed as a percentage of meanbase line level. As the probes were implanted chronically, these measurements could be repeated over several days in unanaesthetised animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood-gas partial pressures ; Continuous monitoring ; Mass spectrometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire La spectrometrie de masse a été adaptée à la mesure continue, quantitative, rapide (constante de temps inférieure à 1 minute) des pressions partielles des gaz dans le sang. Les caractéristiques de la membrane en polyéthylène ainsi que la géométrie de la canule sont telles que la mesure est indépendante de la vitesse du flux sanguin, ce qui permet pour la première fois l’expression en mm Hg des pressions partielles des gaz aussi bien dans le milieu artériel que dans le milieu veineux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In einem früher veröffentlichten Artikel (Seylaz u.a., 1974) beschrieben wir technische Verbesserungen, die im Vergleich mit anderen bekannten Verfahren zu einer Verringerung der sogenannten Verarmungserscheinung führten. Diese Verbesserung beruht auf der Entwicklung einer asymmetrischen Kanüle und einer silastischen Membran, die so in der Arterie angeordnet werden können, daß die sensitiven Saugzonen dem Lumen zugewandt sind, wo der Blutdurchfluß am schnellsten ist. Mit dieser asymetrischen Kanüle wurde die Verarmung in der Arterie auf ein geringfügiges maß beschränkt und in der Vene, wo das Blut viel langsamer fließt, auf 10–15% herabgesetzt. In diesem Artikel berichten wir über die weiters Entwicklung der Probekanüle, welche, durch Verinfachung der Meßtechnik, die Verarmungserscheinung für schneller als 1 cm pro Sekunde fließendes Blut ganz ausschaltet. Dies führt zu einer höheren Zuverlässigkeit der Messungen, so daß quantitative Messungen in einem beliebigen Blutmedium, einschließlich der Vene, durchgeführt werden können und doch eine gute Zeitkonstante beibehalten wird.
    Notes: Abstract A technique using a quadrupole mass spectrometer has been developed for the continuous measurement of partial pressures of physiological blood gases. The depletion phenomenon is eliminated with a new sampling cannula equiped with a polyethylene membrane for velocities greater than 1 cm per second. The importance of this development resides in the fact that this phenomenon, which is due to a sampling rate around the cannula in excess of the remplacement by the medium of the molecules withdrawn, leads to an under-estimation of the real partial pressure which increases as the blood velocity falls. Thanks to the new cannula, accurate measurements can now be made in both arteries and veins; moreover, continuous observation of physiological phenomena can be carried out with a time constant of under 1 minute resulting from the thinness of the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Baboon ; Bolus injection ; CO2 reactivity ; 15O-labelled water ; Positron emission tomography ; Regional cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity and reproducibility of rapid measurements of regional cerebral flow (rCBF) using a bolus injection of H2 15O and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) were investigated in anaesthetised baboons. The cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in arterial pCO2 was used as an experimental support. PET data were acquired over 4 min following a single bolus intravenous injection of H2 15O, while arterial blood was withdrawn for continuous activity counting. Images were reconstructed with a dynamic sequence of 45×2s+15×10s, including a correction for decay. Regional values of CBF were derived from non-linear least-squares fits of the time activity curves using a four-parameter two-compartment model. The results obtained with a four-parameter fitting method were compared with those obtained with two other rapid estimation methods, first fitting two parameters only, CBF and partition coefficient (p), and secondly autoradiography (with p fixed at 0·95 ml brain ml blood−1). Twelve regions of interest were analysed. The values for the basal CBF obtained from 13 measurements in two baboons were close to published values obtained with other techniques. Reproducibility checks showed a mean variation of 9·7 per cent. The CBF measurements performed in hypercapnic conditions gave results similar to published data in other animal species, showing a 4·5±0·9 per cent increase in CBF per mm Hg paCO2. The results obtained with the three estimation techniques were closely correlated. The dynamic bolus H2 15O method appeared to be suitable for high blood flow measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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