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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the form of the internal model for reaching (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 104 (1995), S. 467-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reaching ; Proprioception ; Joint torque ; Motor control ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated, by using simulations, possible mechanisms responsible for the errors in the direction of arm movements exhibited by deafferented patients. Two aspects of altered feedforward control were evaluated: the inability to sense initial conditions and the degradation of an internal model. A simulation which assumed no compensation for variations in initial arm configuration failed to reproduce the characteristic pattern of errors. In contrast, a simulation that assumed random variability in the generation of joint torque resulted in a distribution of handpaths which resembled some aspects of the pattern of errors exhibited by deafferented patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231981
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of viable human muscle spindles for electron microscopic and physiologic studySupported in part by grants from the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Medical Foundation. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 179 (1974), S. 453-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human muscle spindles are isolated from muscle biopsies of Extensor Indicis. A spindle rich portion of muscle is removed, placed into a modified Kreb's solution and microdissected for spindles. Intramuscular nerves and blood vessels provide helpful locating guides. Spindles can be dissected free of extrafusal muscle with an adequate length of nerve for in vitro recording. Another portion of muscle is stretched and placed into a 5% glutaraldehyde fixative in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Spindles are dissected free, postfixed, dehydrated, stained, and then studied with the light microscope while in liquid Epon. The equatorial regions are identified, then removed and embedded for examination using the electron microscope. This is the first successful total isolation of viable human spindles. The combined procedures allow correlation of recordings from the primary sensory endings with the fine structure of spindles from normal persons and from patients with neuromuscular disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091790405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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