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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 522-525 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Otitis media ; Amoxicillin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 110 children with acute otitis media were assigned randomly to treatment with 60mg/kg per day amoxicillin in a twice-daily (group A) or a thrice-daily (group B) regimen for 10 days. Patients were scheduled for follow-up examinations at mid-treatment, 5 days after the end of therapy and 30, 60, 90 days after starting therapy. At 15 days 6 out of 55 patients (10.9%) treated with amoxicillin twice daily were considered treatment failures compared to 4 children (7.2%) in the thrice daily group. Rates of cure, recurrent otitis media and persistent middle ear effusion were comparable in the two groups of patients at later time intervals. By 90 days the total cure rate was 42.3% (22/52) in children treated twice daily and 41.5% (22/53) in those who had received amoxicillin thrice daily. At the same time persistence of bilateral and unilateral effusion was noted in 12/52 (23.1%) and in 8/52 (15.3%) children in group A and in 16/53 (30.1%) and in 10/53 (18.9%) in group B respectively. No significant difference was noted in the two treatment regimens with regard to adverse side effects. Because reduction in division of the amoxicillin dose caused no significant difference in the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children, we think that this simplified scheme of therapy can routinely be used in clinical practice and thus improve compliance to antibiotic administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: paediatrics ; antibiotic choice ; rational therapy ; acute infections ; drug monitoring ; unjustified prescriptions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adequacy of antibiotic choice and the importance of the physician's knowledge of antibiotic use in causing errors in prescribing were investigated. A prospective three-month study was conducted in nine Italian pediatric hospital wards, involving every patient admitted to hospital for otitis, pneumonia or pharyngotonsillitis. The suspected aetiology and the antibiotic prescribed were recorded on a special form by the physician in charge. Each choice of antimicrobial agent was judged as adequate, justifiable or not justified. Out of 314 prescriptions 56.1% were assessed as adequate, 4.1% as justifiable and 39.8% as not justified. Analysis of the suspected bacteria, and of the correlation between the presumed aetiological agent and the prescribed antibiotic, demonstrates that inadequate knowledge of the physician plays a major role in producing a high percentage of unjustified prescriptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: fever ; aspirin ; therapeutic regimen ; children ; dose-response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred and forty-five children aged 3 months to 11.5 years, with rectal temperatures greater than 38.9°C, were randomly treated with aspirin 5, 10 or 15 mg/kg p.o. Temperatures were recorded just before medication, every 30 min thereafter for 4 h and subsequently hourly up to 6 h. In all dosage regimens the average temperature was significantly reduced in the time interval 1–6 h after drug administration; the antipyretic effect, however, was significantly greater with the 10 and 15 mg/kg doses. Both had significantly better and comparable clinical efficacy, defined as reduction in fever below 38.9°C. The duration of the clinical effect was not dose-related. A dose of 10 mg/kg appears rational for the treatment of children with fever.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 701-704 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; miocamycin ; drug interaction ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction between a new macrolide antibiotic, miocamycin, and theophylline was evaluated in a single cross-over study in 5 asthmatic children. Each patient received a single dose of theophylline (4.3 mg/kg) delivered in 15 min using a constant-rate infusion pump, immediately before and after a 10 day course of miocamycin 17.5 mg/kg b.d. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were calculated for each phase of the study. The elimination rate constant (3.92 vs 3.74 h−1), the mean total body clearance (1.71 vs 1.8 ml·min·kg−1) and the mean apparent volume of distribution (0.57 vs 0.58 l·kg−1) did not differ. The result can be explained by the inability of the antibiotic to form inactive cytochrome P-450 metabolite complexes which can interfere with the metabolism of theophylline. Thus, miocamycin can safely be administered to asthmatic children requiring theophylline treatment, when they have an infection due to susceptible pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 8 (1968), S. 453-466 
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 14 (1984), S. 6-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH) ; Complications of TIH thrombus ; Catheter calcification ; Superior vena cava occlusion ; Hydrothorax ; Mediastinal effusion ; Vein transfixion, vein wall lesions ; Septic arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty consecutive patients, except for one 7-year-old patient, their ages varying from 1 day to 12 months received total intravenous hyperalimentation (TIH). It was possible to observe non-pathological catheter malpositions and, in 14 patients, other complications. The most serious complications observed included the following: thrombus and pericatheter thrombus calcification; superior vena cava thrombotic occlusion; hydrothorax; mediastinal effusion; generalized septic arthritis; venous transfixion with flooding of the soft tissues of the neck; vein wall lesions; collateral vertebral circulation; and a catheter tip blocked in vein. A brief comment is given on the use of this procedure and what may happen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 694-694 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an open, noncomparative, multicentre study the efficacy and safety of oral fluconazole was evaluated in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in children with HIV infection. Fifty-one children with a mean age of five years were enrolled. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was caused byCandida albicans in 28 cases (55 %). Fluconazole was given in a mean dosage of 3.4 mg/kg/d (range 2 to 5.6 mg/kg/d) for a mean duration of 12 days (range 6 to 28 days). By the end of treatment, 90 % of the children were clinically cured, 6 % had improved and 4 % failed to respond.Candida was eradicated in 82 % of the patients. Clinical failure occurred only in children given 3 mg/kg/d or less. Two and four weeks after therapy, clinical cure was confirmed in 88 % and 82 % of the children respectively as well as eradication in 76 % respectively. Six children experienced mild side effects (1 skin rash, 5 mild elevation of liver enzyme levels). The data show that fluconazole is safe and effective in treating oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The rate of seroconversion for antibody to Chlamydia pneumoniae was analysed in blood samples of 26 vertically HIV-1 infected children and 14 seroreverter children (HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers) during a 3-year study period. Seroconversion for Chlamydia pneumoniae was found in 13 of 26 HIV-1 infected children and in 1 of 14 in the seroreverter group (P=0.013). A lower mean CD4+ cell count and p24 antigen positivity at enrolment were significantly associated with seroconversion for Chlamydia pneumoniae. Signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection were recorded in the 30 to 40 days preceding collection of the blood samples showing seroconversion for Chlamydia pneumoniae in 8 of 13 HIV-1 infected children and in the single seroreverter. This study confirms the potential role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections in HIV-1 infected subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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