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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of gold surfaces for use as substrates in scanning tunneling microscopy studies (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to characterize the surface of epitaxial gold on mica in air. We find that these surfaces are simple to prepare, are relatively inert to exposure to air or to water, and have atomically flat terraces extending for up to several hundred angstroms. The observed topography is consistent with the Au(111) surface. It is possible to produce bumps on the surface of less than 100 A(ring) in size in a controlled manner by pulsing the tip voltage while scanning. Self-diffusion of gold is observed in the decay of written features and well as in the movement of existing terrace edges. In some cases, a periodicity in both the geometry of terrace edges and the spatial variation of surface diffusion rates suggest the presence of the 22×1 surface reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343379
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3109-3112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a multipurpose scanning tunneling microscope designed to operate in ultrahigh vacuum as well as in air, over a range extending from room temperature to liquid-nitrogen temperatures. It is a single-tube scanner design with a differential flexing approach mechanism mounted on a vibration isolation stack. The instrument features a novel in situ tip and sample exchange mechanism for extended operation under vacuum. A unique characteristic is that the vacuum chamber and all components with the exception of the gas-cooled sample holder are at room temperature. We present preliminary data taken with this instrument, demonstrating atomic resolution constant current, constant height, and multiple-bias imaging, gap-modulated current-voltage spectroscopy or simultaneous topography, and work function measurements, as well as lithography on the surfaces of graphite, Au(111) on mica, and GaAs(110).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140586
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezodriven scanner for cryogenic applications (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1906-1910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A scanning microscope stage has been developed for use at cryogenic temperatures. The stage uses a piezoelectric driving element and circular flexure hinges to achieve a slow scan travel of greater than 10 μm and a near-resonance travel of 100 μm while immersed in liquid helium at 4.2 K. The scanner has been operated inside a pressure cell in a dilution refrigerator, where it dissipates less than 150 μW of heat at 100 mK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140049
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature atomic force microscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 833-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low-temperature atomic force microscope (LTAFM) has been constructed which is capable of resolving atomic scale features both in air at room temperature and immersed in liquid helium at 4.2 K. The instrument is of a rigid compact design, using microfabricated force-sensing cantilevers, and can easily be adapted for operation as a scanning tunneling microscope. Initial results have demonstrated that the LTAFM can image the atomic surface structure of 2H–MoS2 at 4.2 K and room temperature. Design criteria and applications of the LTAFM are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139788
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning tunneling microscope (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2010-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes the design of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which is suitable for surface science work. Various concepts in mechanical structure and electronic circuitry of the STM have been pursued to optimize its performance. This STM has been designed especially to meet the requirement of in situ sample preparation and sample transfer in ultrahigh vacuum. The electronics of this STM are capable of taking simultaneous images with opposite polarities of tunneling voltages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139508
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theories of the feedback and vibration isolation systems for the scanning tunneling microscope (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2004-2009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The theories of the feedback and vibration isolation systems have been developed to illuminate the essential points in the design and operation of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). By analyzing a delay differential equation, we can understand the behavior of feedback and estimate the necessary gain and time constant for the best performance of the STM. Design considerations for a vibration isolation system consisting of spring suspension and magnetic damping are discussed with theoretical optimization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139507
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed atomic force microscopy in liquid (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2097-2099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-speed constant force imaging with the atomic force microscope (AFM) has been achieved in liquid. By using a standard optical lever AFM, and a cantilever with an integrated zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric actuator, an imaging bandwidth of 38 kHz has been achieved; nearly 100 times faster than conventional AFMs. For typical samples, this bandwidth corresponds to tip velocities in excess of 3 mm/s. High-speed AFM imaging in liquid will (1) permit chemical and biological AFM observations to occur at speeds previously inaccessible, and (2) significantly decrease measurement times in standard AFM liquid operation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150586
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic Microscopy with Microwave Frequencies (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 9 (1979), S. 255-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.09.080179.001351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forces in atomic force microscopy in air and water (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 2651-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new atomic force microscope, which combines a microfabricated cantilever with an optical lever detection system, now makes it possible to measure the absolute force applied by a tip on a surface. This absolute force has been measured as a function of distance (=position of the surface) in air and water over a range of 600 nm. In the absolute force versus distance curves there are two transitions from touching the surface to a total release in air caused by van der Waals interaction and surface tension. One transition is due to lifting off the surface; the other is due to lifting out of an adsorbed layer on the surface. In water there is just one transition due to lifting off the surface. There is also a transition in air and water when the totally released tip is pulled down to touch the surface as the surface and tip are brought together. Based on the force versus distance curves, we propose a procedure to set the lowest possible imaging force. It can now be as low as 10−9 N or less in water and 10−7 N in air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanometer-scale hole formation on graphite using a scanning tunneling microscope (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1727-1729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a reproducible technique for forming holes on a graphite surface with a scanning tunneling microscope. The holes have an average diameter of 40 A(ring) (20 A(ring) minimum) with an average resolvable spacing of 60 A(ring). Holes are produced by applying a short voltage pulse (3–8 V, 10–100 μs) across the tunneling gap which removes one or more layers of graphite in a small region directly below the tip. Arrays of hundreds of holes have been formed with yields as high as 99.6%. The writing process has a higher success rate in air or in the presence of water vapor. This suggests that the physical mechanism is a chemical process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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