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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What have we learnt from gastric biopsy? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pathologists would claim that the most reliable information obtained on gastric diseases is pathology-based. This manuscript summarizes the four major biopsy-based contributions to the current knowledge of non-neoplastic gastric diseases: (i) the in vivo definition of gastritis; (ii) the recognition of the clinicopathological patterns of gastritis; (iii) the morphological links between gastritis and stomach cancer; and finally (iv) the recent information on the possible reversibility of early or advanced precancerous gastric lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.17.s2.15.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POSTHARVEST CHANGES DURING STORAGE OF PACKAGED RADICCHIO (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L., var. foliosum) heads were held at two temperatures in plastic dome lid boxes, 10 μm polyethylene produce bags, or 12. 7 μm EHC Clysar plastic shrink-wrap bags to determine postharvest quality changes. Respiration rate of 〈 10mL CO2 kg-1 h-1 at 1C indicates that radicchio is a moderately respiring commodity. Radicchio held in plastic dome lid boxes lost 〉 7% fresh weight while those in polyethylene or EHC bags lost 〈 1% fresh weight during 1 week of storage at either 10C or 1C. Color changes in radicchio occurred primarily in the red portion of the leaf area. Heads faded and lost color saturation between 1 and 4 weeks of storage at 1C. These changes were concomitant with the browning of the leaves. At 10C, heads held in produce or EHC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00979.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycelial elongation and sporulation of two fungi on amended media in light or dark (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: 6-benzyladenine ; Botrytis allii ; caffeic acid ; chlorogenic acid ; Colletotrichum dematium ; kinetin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Botrytis allii andCollectotrichum dematium are onion pathogens which can infect in the field and cause decay in storage. Some phenolics can hinder development of these fungi, but the effect of cytokinins is not clear. Cytokinins (kinetin or 6-benzyladenine) or phenolics (caffeic or chlorogenic acids) were added to agar at concentrations of 0 to 10−3 M. Cultures were continuously irradiated with fluorescent light or maintained in the dark for 6 days. On unamended media, final mycelial elongation was 45 or 17.8 mm and sporulation was 28 or 10.6 × 104 spores/ml forBotrytis andColletotrichum, respectively. ForBotrytis, mycelial elongation was slightly (5%) but significantly increased and sporulation increased by 21% by incubation on phenolics as compared to cytokinins. Mycelial extension ofColletotrichum was not affected by amendment. Sporulation ofColletotrichum on kinetin was 16 to 28% greater than on the other amendments. As amendments concentration increased elongation of mycelia of both fungi decreased. Sporulation ofBotrytis increased by 60% as amendment concentration increased from 0 to 10−5 M and then decreased 25% at 10−3 M. As amendment concentration increased from 0 to 10−3 M, sporulation ofColletotrichum increased by 45%. Incubation in light increased mycelial extension 3 to 17% forBotrytis andColletotrichum respectively, and sporulation was increased approximately 78% for both fungi. These compounds do not appear to inhibit development of theseBotrytis orColletotrichum species in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871727
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of halos in the epidermal cell wall of Allium cepa caused by Colletotrichum dematium f. circinans and Botrytis allii using fluorochromes (1987)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 97 (1987), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: fungal-induced halo ; fluorochromes for fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Halos were detected with epifluorescence microscopy around penetration sites of Colletotrichum dematium f. circinans and Botrytis allii in onion epidermal cell walls as areas of less intense fluorescence or negatively stained areas in fluorescing cell walls following treatments with berberin sulphate and acridine orange but not with brilliant sulphaflavine (which stained the cell wall), ninhydrin, dansylchloride, or analine blue. Since pectin, pectic acid, avacil (microcrystaline cellulose super fine), filter paper, and Sephadex G-100–120 fluoresced with acridine orange and berberin sulphate, it was inferred that the halos were negatively stained or appeared as areas with less intense fluorescence because enzymes from these pathogens degraded cell wall pectin and cellulose at the point of penetration. Spores of both pathogens fluoresced when stained with brilliant sulphaflavine, acridine orange, ninhydrin, and dansylchloride. These stains and berberin sulphate caused germ tubes, appressoria, and primary infection mycelia to fluoresce. Nuclei in these fungal structures fluoresced when stained with acridine orange and brilliant sulphaflavine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437236
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degenerative changes in the epidermal cell wall of Allium cepa caused by Botrytis allii: Loss of dry mass, pectin, and cellulose in halos (1988)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 101 (1988), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Botrytis allii ; Allium cepa ; halo composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Halos detected using interference microscopy (even- and fringle-field modes with monoand poly-chromatic light) around penetration sites of Botrytis allii in cell walls of normal and protoplast-free outer epidermal tissue of white, yellow, and red onions were alike. Halos in protoplast-free cell walls contained 33% less dry mass than areas of these walls adjacent to halos (quantitative interference miscroscopy with 546 nm light in the even-field mode). Halos were significantly larger in the white onion than in the yellow and red varieties. The loss of cell wall dry mass during the production of halos involved the loss of pectin and cellulose. We infer that this is caused by enzymes released from the pathogen. Cuticle degradation at penetration sites was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455668
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast responses in the epidermis of Allium cepa induced by penetration by Botrytis allii (1988)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 102 (1988), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Allium cepa ; Botrytis allii ; penetration responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Penetration of Allium cepa epidermal cells (white, yellow, and red varieties) by Botrytis allii induced a response by host protoplasts in normal tissue which was not observed when penetrations were made in protoplast-free host cell walls. Callose and auto-fluorescing substances (possibly phenolic compounds) were located at the penetration sites only in normal host cells containing protoplasts. Lignin tests were negative. Halos were clearly visible in both types of tissue. Autofluorescence was observed at penetration sites in normal cells of all cultivars but general wall background autofluorescence was not observed in white onions. Autofluorescence was generally yellow green and when treated with ammonium hydroxide became green. Treatment with sodium hydroxide abolished autofluorescence. No attempt was made to isolate the autofluorescing material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437400
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germination and post-germination development of Colletotrichum dematium f. circinans on Allium cepa (1983)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 82 (1983), S. 125-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spores of Colletotrichum dematium f. circinans were inoculated onto the abaxial epidermis of washed and unwashed pieces of leaf-base tissue taken from the first thru fourth layers of white, yellow and red onions. Washing tissue dramatically improved germination, less than 0.1% for unwashed versus 83% for washed. Germination capacity, and the number of germination types (16) found on washed tissue was not affected by onion bulb color or leaf-base layer inoculated. Spores with one sessile appressorium, type 001, or with one germ tube without an appressorium, type 100, or with one germ tube with an appressorium produced at the tip, type 110, made up approximately 93% of the types for those spores which germinated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437343
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of prism generated discreet wavelengths of light on germination and post-germination development of Colletotrichum dematium var circinans (Berk.) v. Arx (1981)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 73 (1981), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spores, harvested from 8 da old colonies ofColletotrichum dematium varcircinans (Berk.) v. Arx, were placed on slides under shimmed coverslips and subjected to 10 min irradiation with wavelengths of light ranging from 400 to 750 nm. Controls consisted of spores exposed to 10 min of fluorescent or tungsten light, or to continuous dark. Germination, and production of sessile and non-sessile appressoria, and germ-tubes was monitored. In addition position of germ-tubes on spores was noted and germination types were classified by numbers of germ-tubes and sessile and non-sessile appressoria produced. When compared to dark controls certain wavelengths, 400, 450, 600 and 650 nm, appeared to be inhibitory to germination and post-germination development, while others, 500, 550 and 750 nm, appeared to be stimulatory. Spores irradiated with some of the wavelengths (550, 700, 750 nm) that affected other responses produced the smallest percentage of sessile appressoria (approx. 10%). Placement of germ-tubes was not affected by treatment. More germ-tubes were produced from spore bottoms (53%) than tops (32%), and tips (15%). The fewest number of germ-tubes was produced from spore centers and from one tip. Thirteen germination types were noted. About 53% of spores germinated with one germ-tube, one non-sessile appressoria, and no sessile appressoria. The remaining 47% were distributed throughout the remaining 12 types, and ranged from 21% to less than 1% of the total. Treatments did not affect this distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00575083
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic nutrition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani (1985)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 89 (1985), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonal solani were grown in a complete 1.0 mM nutrient solution, and in solutions where Ca, Fe, K, Mg, N, P, and S were either excluded (0.0 mM) or included at depleted levels (0.1 mM) while all other constituents were maintained at 1.0 mM levels. Dry weight of both fungi were determined. For both fungi some of the lowest dry weights were recorded for samples grown in the complete solution. Exclusion of K, Mg, and S significantly increased dry weight of Fusarium. Inclusion at the 0.1 mM level of most components significantly increased Fusarium dry weight over values for both the complete and corresponding excluded nutrient solutions. The exception was S where there was no difference between excluded and 0.1 mM solutions. For Rhizoctonia dry weights in Fe excluded solutions were less than the complete solution, while dry weights in S excluded solutions were greater than the complete solution. At the 1.0 mM level Fe, K, and Mg dry weights were significantly increased over the dry weights produced in both the complete and deficient solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431481
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