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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment on social interactions and opioid receptors in adult rats: behavioural and autoradiographic studies (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The consequences of juvenile isolation and morphine treatment during the isolation period on (social) behaviour and μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in adulthood were investigated by using a social interaction test and in vitro autoradiography in rats. Juvenile isolation reduced social exploration in adults. Morphine treatment counteracted this reduction in isolated rats, but decreased social exploration in nonisolated rats. Self-grooming and nonsocial exploration were enhanced after juvenile isolation. Morphine treatment had no effect on self-grooming, but suppressed nonsocial exploration in isolated rats. With respect to the opioid receptors, juvenile isolation resulted in regiospecific increases in μ-binding sites with a 58% increase in the basolateral amygdala and a 33% increase in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Morphine treatment in isolated rats reversed this upregulation in both areas. The number of δ-binding sites did not differ between the experimental groups. A general upregulation of κ-binding sites was observed after juvenile isolation, predominantly in the cortical regions, the hippocampus and the substantia nigra. Morphine treatment did not affect the upregulation of κ-receptors. The results show that juvenile isolation during the play period causes long-term effects on social and nonsocial behaviours and on the number of μ- and κ- but not δ-opioid receptors in distinct brain areas. The number of μ-receptors in the basolateral amygdala appears to be negatively correlated with the amount of social exploration in adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00717.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of neonatal amygdala lesions on [125I] neurotensin binding in specific brain areas of adult rat (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurotensin has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The neonatal amygdala lesion in rat has been proposed to be a neurodevelopmental model for some aspects of schizophrenia. [125I] Neurotensin binding was assessed in adult rats using in vitro autoradiography following a lesion of the basolateral amygdala at postnatal day 7 (Pd 7) or postnatal day 21 (Pd 21). The Pd 7 and Pd 21 lesions differentially affected neurotensin receptor densities in the hippocampal complex and (less pronounced) in the dopaminergic cell regions, implying a neurodevelopmental cause. These results may be of relevance for the involvement of neurotensin in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02606.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor-selective changes in µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors after chronic naltrexone treatment in mice (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chronic treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone induces functional supersensitivity to opioid agonists, which may be explained by receptor up-regulation induced by opioid receptor blockade. In the present study, the levels of opioid receptor subtypes through the brain of mice were determined after chronic naltrexone treatment using quantitative in vitro autoradiography. This is the first complete mapping study in mice for µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors after chronic naltrexone exposure. Treatment with naltrexone clearly induced up-regulation of µ- (mean 80%) and, to a lesser extent, δ-opioid receptors (mean 39%). The up-regulation of µ- and δ-opioid receptors was evident throughout the brain, although there was variation in the percentage change across brain regions. In contrast, consistent up-regulation of κ-opioid receptors was observed in cortical structures only and was not so marked as for µ- and δ-opioid receptors. In noncortical regions κ-opioid receptor expression was unchanged. Taken together, the present findings suggest opioid receptor subtype-selective regulation by chronic naltrexone treatment in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02502.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription of heroin or oral methadone treatment: results from two randomized controlled trials (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  To investigate which baseline patient characteristics of treatment-resistant heroin addicts differentially predicted treatment response to medical heroin prescription compared to standard methadone maintenance treatment.Design  Two open-label randomized controlled trials; pooled data.Setting  Methadone maintenance programmes and heroin treatment centres in six cities in the Netherlands.Participants  Four hundred and thirty heroin addicts.Intervention  Methadone plus injectable heroin or methadone plus inhalable heroin compared to methadone alone prescribed over 12 months: heroin maximum 1000 mg per day, methadone maximum 150 mg per day.Main outcome measure  Dichotomous, multi-domain response index, including validated indicators of physical health, mental status and social functioning.Findings  Data of the inhalable and injectable heroin trials were pooled. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that treatment with medically prescribed heroin plus methadone was significantly more effective (51.8% response) than standard methadone maintenance treatment (28.7%) (95% CI of response difference: 14.1–32.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only one of all baseline characteristics was predictive of a differential treatment effect: patients who had previously participated in abstinence-orientated treatment responded significantly better to heroin-assisted treatment than to methadone treatment (61% versus 24%), while patients without experience in abstinence-orientated treatment did equally well in heroin-assisted or methadone maintenance treatment (39% and 38%, respectively).Conclusions  The effect of heroin-assisted treatment is not dependent on clinical characteristics, with the exception of previous abstinence-orientated treatment: medical prescription of heroin is most effective for those patients who have previously participated in abstinence-orientated treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00937.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroleptic-like Activity and Antipsychotic Action of Cholecystokinin-related Peptides (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 448 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29984.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF THE SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES γ-TYPE ENDORPHINS IN MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 398 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb39519.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional turnover and synthesis of catecholamines in rat hypothalamus (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 256 (1975), S. 502-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We present here data on regional hypothalamic noradrenaline and dopamine metabolism obtained with two methods, one involving measurement of the rate of catecholamine loss following synthesis inhibition using a sensitive radiochemical assay, and the other involving estimation of the rate of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/256502a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central target for the behavioural effects of vasopressin neuropeptides (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 308 (1984), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For behavioural experiments rats (140-160 g) of an inbred strain were trained in a passive avoidance test procedure9. Rats were placed on an illuminated platform, and allowed to enter a large dark compartment equipped with a grid floor. On the next day three more trials an unavoidable scrambled ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308276a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infusion of γ2-MSH produce a conditioned taste aversion in morphine-dependent rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 140-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: γ2-MSH ; Naloxone ; Opiate dependence ; Taste preference conditioning ; Taste aversion ; Withdrawal motivation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A two flavour, unbiased, taste preference conditioning procedure was used to test for possible motivating effects of γ2-MSH. Three training trials failed to produce any significant effect with doses ranging from 2.4 to 40 μg/ ICV infusion in drug-naive, non-operated or placebo-implanted rats. However, in rats made dependent by SC implantation of a morphine pellet 4 days earlier 15 μg γ2-MSH/infusion produced a taste aversion that was comparable to that produced by infusion of a low dose of the competitive opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (0.32 μg). The findings confirm with a conditioning procedure and with opiate-dependent animals the naloxone-like effects of γ2-MSH. They also suggest that this endogenously-located peptide may acquire an aversive property as a result of chronic morphine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634469
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of calcium with3H-morphine binding to synaptosomes of the guinea-pig ileum (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ileum ; Synaptosomes ; 3H-Morphine ; Binding ; Calerum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific binding sites for3H-morphine were assayed in subcellular fractions of a crude mitochondrial P2 pellet from the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus, prepared by discontinuous sucrose-gradient fractionation. The highest specific binding (ca. 100 fmol/mg protein) was obtained in the fraction containing synaptosomes, as examined by electron microscopy. A synaptosomal fraction prepared from guinea-pig brain had comparable specific binding (ca. 130 fmol/mg) to that of the ileal synaptosomal fraction. Addition of calcium (10 mM) to the binding assay medium resulted in a marked decrease in particular of the specific3H-morphine binding. Detailed analysis of the specific3H-morphine binding in the synaptosomal fraction of the ileum revealed that 1) a saturable component of specific opiate binding was present between 0.34 and 21.74 nM of3H-morphine; 2) in the presence of 3 and 10 nM of calcium similar decreases of specific3H-morphine binding were obtained, indicating that this binding was maximally inhibited already by 3 mM of calcium; 3) both in the absence and presence of calcium theK D of specific3H-morphine binding was about 38 nM, indicating a non-competitive nature of the calcium inhibition; 4) addition of magnesium exhibited a similar effect as that of calcium, although magnesium appeared to be less potent than calcium in this respect. The data are discussed in the context of previously observed calcium effects on opioid actions in the electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum bioassay and may contribute to the evidence that the interaction of calcium and opioids on the stimulus-release coupling mechanism at the neuromuscular junction of the guinea-pig ileum is occurring beyond opioid receptor activation as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586340
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