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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 5 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Increasing the ploughing depth and ploughing in grassland has been common in Germany during the past 20 years. Incubation studies were conducted with topsoils from luvisols and gleysols at different times after change of management in order to assess its influence on nitrogen mineralization and its kinetic parameters.The results show that deep ploughing slows the mineralization of nitrogen. The difference between earlier (1967–72) and more recently (1980–82) deepened topsoil has become smaller after a further three years of cultivation, however. The preceding crops (wheat or sugar beet), the amount of N fertilizer as well as clay and nitrogen contents cause a variation in N mineralization. The results indicate a continuing approach of an‘equilibrium’organic matter and nitrogen content. The enrichment capacity of intensively managed soils may be replenished within 10 years.Gleysols formerly under grass mineralize more nitrogen than‘traditionally’ploughed soils, even 27 years after the ploughing-in. While nitrogen from easily decomposable materials decreases within the first 10 years, the resistant fraction is a long-lasting determinant for N mineralization. Both processes need to be considered when applying fertilizer to minimize nitrate leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 23 (1982), S. 5529-5530 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 20 (1992), S. 43-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sulfate pollution in an agriculturally used watershed has been investigated with respect to the transport in the saturated zone and the development of sulfate in the unsaturated zone. Besides of other sources such as acid wet and dry deposition or sulfate input by agricultural activities, most of the sulfate originates from oxidation of pyrite by either NO3 or O2. High sulfate concentrations coincided with high nitrate leaching caused by plowing of former grassland or by vegetable crop residues and with former wet lands that have become dry. By using soil water concentration data and maps showing the extension of former wetlands and grassland as well as agricultural land use, it was possible to delineate regions of high sulfate input. The transport of sulfate in the aquifer was analyzed with a modified version of the USGS MOC model, which takes into account the nonlinearity of the underlying equation describing unconfined groundwater flow. The calibration of the transport model showed good agreement between the estimated and modeled sulfate input rates. A prediction of future sulfate concentrations in the aquifer was feasible by using “worst-case” parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 176 (2000), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1439-099X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Dreidimensionale Bestrahlungsplanung ; Bestrahlungstechniken ; Asymmetrische Blenden ; Feldanschluss ; Dosis-Volumen-Histogramm ; Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit ; Key Words: Three-dimensional treatment planning ; Treatment techniques ; Asymmetric jaws ; Field matching ; Dose-volume histogram ; Complication probability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Aim: A treatment technique favorable for linacs with asymmetric jaws, which combined cranio-caudal matching fields with fields enclosing the whole target volume, is investigated with respect to field matching and sparing of normal tissue and organs at risk. Patient and Methods: For a pelvic target volume rapidly varying in cranio-caudal direction a 5-field technique was planned with individually weighted and blocked fields. Three fields adjoining in cranio-caudal direction were completed by 2 fields enclosing the whole target volume. The matching line was measured and calculated with Helax TMS©. Furthermore a 4-field box and opposing fields were planned. The dose-volume histograms for target, bladder, intestine and soft tissue were exported. Normal tissue complication probability and tumor control probability, respectively, were calculated for all techniques. Results: In the region of the matching line the summation of the measured normalized curves resulted in relative dose maxima of 6.0% (caudal) and 4.5% (cranial), respectively. For fields enclosing the whole target volume the dose maxima in the region of the matching line decreased to 2.0% (caudal) and 1.8% (cranial), respectively. For the dose profiles calculated with Helax TMS© no overdose was found. The 5-field technique with adjoining fields results in a better sparing of the organs at risk compared to the other techniques, whereas the tumor control remains the same. Conclusions: In specific cases a technique with cranio-caudal adjoining fields can be recommended with respect to sparing of normal tissue and organs at risk.
    Notes: Ziel: Untersuchung einer für Anlagen mit asymmetrisch einstellbaren Blenden vorteilhaften Bestrahlungstechnik mit einer Kombination von kraniokaudal aneinander grenzenden Feldern und Feldern über die gesamte Zielvolumenlänge hinsichtlich des Feldanschlusses sowie der Schonung von Normalgewebe und Risikoorganen. Patient und Methode: Für ein in kraniokaudaler Richtung stark variierendes Zielvolumen im Beckenbereich wurde eine Füf-Felder-Technik mit individuell gewichteten und ausgeblockten Feldern geplant. Dabei grenzten drei Felder in kraniokaudaler Richtung aneinander, zwei weitere Felder erfassten das gesamte Zielvolumen. Der Feldanschluss wurde gemessen sowie im Bestrahlungsplanungssystem Helax TMS©überprüft. Des Weiteren wurden eine Vier-Felder-Box sowie eine Gegenfeldtechnik geplant. Die-Dosis-Volumen-Histogramme für Zielvolumen, Blase, Darm und Weichteilgewebe wurden exportiert und die Normalgewebekomplikationswahrscheinlichkeiten (NTCP) bzw. Tumorkontrollwahrscheinlichkeiten (TCP) für die einzelnen Techniken verglichen. Ergebnisse: Im Bereich des Feldanschlusses ergaben sich durch Summation der gemessenen, in Feldmitte normierten Kurven relative Dosisüberhöhungen von 6,0% im kaudalen Bereich bzw. 4,5% im kranialen Bereich. Die Maxima im Bereich des Feldanschlusses werden durch Felder über die gesamte Zielvolumenlänge auf 2,0% (kaudal) bzw. 1,8% (kranial) verringert. Für die im Helax TMS© berechneten Dosisprofile konnten Überhöhungen nicht festgestellt werden. Die Fünf-Felder-Technik mit aneinander grenzenden Feldern zeigt eine deutliche Schonung der Risikoorgane im Vergleich zu den anderen Techniken bei gleicher Tumorkontrolle. Schlussfolgerungen: In ausgewählten Fällen ist eine Technik mit kraniokaudaler aneinander grenzenden Feldern hinsichtlich der Schonung von Normalgewebe und Risikoorganen zu empfehlen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 36 (1942), S. 42-60 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 26 (1991), S. 75-77 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the framework of Perris' vulnerability model of psychopathology the relationships between perceived parental rearing and coping behaviour in adulthood have been investigated. Rejecting and punitive rearing practices of both parents seem to contribute to the formation of intrapsychic, emotion-oriented coping strategies. The results indicate that childhood social experiences, in particular, parent-child relations, both directly affect vulnerability to psychopathological manifestations in later life and indirectly influence the conditions through the aquistion of coping strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 40-47 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Temperament ; Character ; Unipolar depressive disorder ; Course of illness ; Inpatients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cloninger has developed a novel approach concerning relationships between psychopathological syndromes and personality by his biosocial theory. Increased levels of harm avoidance (HA) were consistently found in unipolar disorders. The present study was conducted to cross-validate, in part, previous findings that high harm avoidance (HA) persisted in the course of disorder and to explore the distinct role of character dimensions. One hundred and twenty-six inpatients with an unipolar depressive disorder and 126 healthy controls, strictly matched for age and gender have been included in the study. Our findings underline that higher harm avoidance among unipolar depressives compared to healthy controls persisted after treatment even if a significant reduction could be observed. Recurrent disorders and comorbidity with anxiety disorders seem to be related to a relatively immature character in terms of consistently lower scores for the character dimensions (e.g. self-directedness and cooperativeness) of the patients classified into these groups both at admission and at discharge compared with their healthy counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 329 (1987), S. 811-816 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic Electron Conductors and Precursors. V. Synthesis of Poly (organylthio-acetylenes)Poly(bis-organylthio-acetylenes) 2 and poly(mono-organylthio-acetylenes) 3 have been synthesized by complex catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding acetylenes (4 resp. 5). Yields and properties of the polymers 2, 3 depend on reaction conditions, the catalyst and the nature of the acetylenes. Relations between these influence factors are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New Synthesis of 6H-1,3-ThiazinesA new method for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazines is described. The addition of nucleophiles to γ-isothiocyanatoallylchlorides (1a-j) leads to functionalisation and subsequent cyclisation (nucleophilic cyclofunctionalisation). Reaction of secondary amines or alcohols under catalysis by tert. amines gives numerous 2-dialkylamino- (3a-w) or 2-alkoxy-6H-1,3-thiazines (4a-p).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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