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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reflection high energy electron diffraction has been used to investigate the amorphous to polycrystalline structure transition in silicon induced by laser pulse. The power density of the ruby laser pulse, in the free generation mode, has been maintained below the threshold to induce surface damage. Depth analysis has been carried out in 〈100〉 silicon crystal using the channeling effect technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 979-988 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical properties and materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si riportano e discutono misure di riflettanza ed elettroriflettanza, nell'intervallo (2.5÷5.5) eV, eseguite sui campioni di silicio pesantemente drogato con arsenico. I campioni di silicio, impiantati con arsenico fino a una dose di 1017cm−2, sono stati sottoposti a laser annealing e sono state raggiunte concentrazioni di portatori liberi dell'ordine di 1021cm−3. Il riordinamento del sistema è studiato in dettaglio in corrispondenza a diverse condizioni iniziali e un confronto fra riflettanza ed elettroriflettanza appare molto utile per determinare il comportamento di un semiconduttore pesantemente drogato.
    Abstract: Резюме Приводятся и обсуждаются результаты измерений отражения и электроотражения в области от 2.5 до 5.5 эВ на образцах кремния, сильно легированных мишьяком. Кристаллы кремния, имплантированные мышьяком с флуенсом 1017cm−2, облучаются лазером и концентрация свободных носителей достигает порядка 1021cm−3. При различных началыных условиях подробно исследуется переупорядочение системы. Сравнение отражения и электроотражения оказывается поленым для определения поведения сильно легированных полупроводников.
    Notes: Summary Reflectance and electroreflectance measurements from 2.5 to 5.5 eV, performed on arsenic heavily doped silicon samples, are reported and discussed. Silicon crystals implanted with arsenic up to a fluence of 1017 cm−2 were laser irradiated and a free-carrier concentration of the order of 1021cm−3 was reached. The reordering of the system is studied in detail at different initial conditions. A comparison between reflectance and electro-reflectance appears to be quite useful to determine the behaviour of the heavily doped semiconductor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 11 (1989), S. 1805-1818 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Methods of crystal growth and purification ; Growth from solid phases ; Radiation damage and other irradiation effects, ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Nel presente lavoro è stata analizzata la ricrescita epitassiale indotta da fasci ionici di strati di Si amorfo depositati da fase di vapore su substrati di Si monocristallino di orientazione (100). La ricrescita è stata indotta da un fascio di ioni Kr++ da 600 keV e con dosi variabili tra 2·1015 e 6·1015 ioni/cm2, mantenendo costante e pari a 1·1012 ioni/cm2s il flusso, di ioni incidenti. La temperatura del campione è stata posta a 450°C. Durante gli irraggiamenti la velocità dell'interfaccia cristallo-amorfo è stata misuratain situ seguendo il segnale di riflettività della luce di un laser He-Ne incidente sulla superficie del campione. Dopo l'irraggiamento alcuni campioni sono stati anche analizzati tramite retrodiffusione alla Rutherford di4He+ da 2 MeV in combinazione con l'effetto di incanalamento e mediante microscopia elettronica in trasmissione. La velocità di crescita degli strati depositati dipende dalla procedura di pulizia eseguita sui campioni prima della deposizione, vale a dire dalla quantità totale di ossigeno presente all'interfaccia tra strato depositato e substrato. È stato anche osservato che gli strati ricristallizzati contengono del materiale geminato la cui concentrazione è fortemente dipendente dalla pulizia del substrato. Questi fenomeni sono spiegati in termini di una diminuzione della velocità di crescita assistita da fasci ionici in presenza di alte concentrazioni di ossigeno. I dati sono discussi e confrontati con quelli ottenuti con trattamenti termici convenzionali.
    Abstract: Резюме Наблюается ионно-стимулированный рост пленок Si, осажденных из химического пара на подложках (100)Si. Рост был индуцирован пучком ионов Kr++ с энергией 600 кэВ при дозах в области (2·1015÷6·1015) см−2 и при интенсивности изменения дозы 1·1012 см−2с−1. Температура мишени составляяла 450°C. Во время облучения скорость границы раздела «кристалл-аморфное тело» измерялось посредством мониторирования коэффициента отражения пучка He-Ne лазера, сфокусированного на поверхности образца. После облучения также проводился анализ некоторых образцов с помощью обратного Резерфордовского рассеяния в сочетании с эффектом каналирования и трансмиссионной электронной спектроскопией. Скорость роста осажденных слоев зависит от процедуры очистки перед непылением, т.е. от результирующего количества кислорода, имеющегося на границе раздела между осажденным слоем и подложкой. В рекристаллизованных слоях наблюдается двойниковый материал и его концентрация сильно зависит от частоты подложки. Эти явления объясняются терминах уменьшения скорости роста при высоких концентрациях кислорода. Полученные данные обсуждаются и сравниваются с данными, полученными при чистом температурном отжиге.
    Notes: Summary The ion-assisted regrowth of chemical-vapour deposited Si films onto (100) Si substrates is reported. The regrowth was induced by a 600 keV Kr++ beam at doses in the range (2·1015÷6·1015)/cm2 and at a dose rate of 1·1012/cm2s. The target temperature was set at 450°C. During irradiations the crystal-amorphous interface velocity was measuredin situ by monitoring the reflectivity of a He-Ne laser light focused onto the sample surface. After irradiation some samples were also analysed by Rutherford backscattering in combination with the channelling effect and by transmission electron microscopy. The growth rate of deposited layers depends on the cleaning procedure performed prior to deposition,i.e on the total amount of oxygen present at the deposited layer/substrate interface. Moreover, twinned material is observed in the recrystallized layers and its concentration is strongly dependent on substrate cleaning. These phenomena are explained in terms of a decrease in the ion-assisted growth rate in the presence of high oxygen concentrations. The data are discussed and compared with those obtained during pure thermal annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 118-120 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1603-1608 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 15 (1993), S. 399-414 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Ions ; Ultraviolet and visible radiation (including laser beams) ; Solid phase epitaxy ; Liquid phase epitaxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The phase transition of amorphous to single-crystal silicon has been investigated not only by conventional heating in a furnace but under direct-energy processes like pulsed-laser and ion beam irradiation. The first method allows the experimental determination of the free-energy-temperature diagram for amorphous, liquid and crystalline silicon. Due to the very fast heating and cooling the amorphous-to-liquid transition can be investigated in both directions. Ion beam irradiation induces either a layer-by-layer amorphization or crystallization by the movement of the initial α-Si/c-Si interface according to the substrate temperature. The two processes are governed by different types of defects created by the beam in the amorphous and in the crystalline side of the interface. The existence of a native-oxide layer at the interface between single crystal and deposited layer retards the ion beam crystallization until oxygen atoms are dispersed by beam mixing in the matrix. A recent alternative way of crystallizing deposited layers is by short high-temperature anneals obtained by incoherent-light irradiations. In this case the rupture of the native-oxide layer is achieved by the agglomeration of oxide into beads, thus allowing the realignment. This technique appears to be particularly promising for several technological applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 8 (1986), S. 667-670 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 4 (1984), S. 435-443 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Laser systems and laser beam applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La transizione amorfo-cristallo in GaAs impiantato è stata ottenuta mediante impulsi laser di potenza a λ=1.06 μm. La fusione dello strato superficiale è possibile in quanto lo strato amorfo è caratterizzato da un valore del coefficiente di assorbimento grande rispetto al materiale cristallino. I valori di soglia misurati sono di 0.8 J/cm2 per cristalli impiantati sia con 50 keV di Te che con 100 keV di Ar. Misure effettuate mediante incanalamento di ioni He+ da 2.0 MeV e spettroscopia dei fotoelettroni emessi a seguito d'irraggiamento con raggi X indicano che non vi è decomposizione apprezzabile a densità di energia prossime alla soglia. Per densità di energia molto piú alte del valore di soglia si osserva invece decomposizione superficiale e perdita di arsenico.
    Abstract: Резюме Исследуется переход аморфного состояния в монокристаллическое, индуцированный мощным импульсом неодимового лазера, в GaAs, имплантированном ионами, используя высокий козффициент поглощения в аморфных материалах. Плотность пороговой энергии составляет 0.8 Дж/см2 для внедренных ионов Te+ с энергией 50 кэВ и ионов Ar+ с энергией 100 кэВ. Эффект каналирования и техника рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии указывают, что в узком окне плотности энергии немного выше порога не возникает заметного уменьщения As. Высокие плотности энергии вызывают потери Аз вблизи поверхностой области.
    Notes: Summary The amorphous-to-single crystal transition induced by high-power Nd laser pulse has been studied in ion-implanted GaAs by taking advantage of the high-absorption coefficient of amorphous material. A threshold energy density of about 0.8 J/cm2 has been measured for both 50 keV Te+ and 100 Ar+ implants. Channelling effect and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques indicate that no appreciable As loss occurs in a narrow energy density window just above threshold. High-energy densities cause instead As loss from the near surface region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1593-1601 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Defects in crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Germanium, arsenic and krypton ions of 600 keV energy were implanted in 〈100〉 silicon substrate at 250°C. The hot implantation results in the formation of extended defects (dislocation loops and cluster of point defects) as residual damage. Rapid thermal annealing process at a temperature above 1000°C was used to remove the damage. Rutherford-backscattering channelling technique was used to measure the amount of defects and their annealing. In some cases the channelling results were correlated to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The annealing process of the damage is governed by an activation energy of (4.4±0.2) eV for both germanium and arsenic implants. During RTA processes broadening of the As and Ge distributions is quite negligible. The Kr atoms interact instead with defects and the annealing even after a prolonged time at 1100°C is not complete, bubbles surrounded by extended defects are left
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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