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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nifedipine on glucose potentiation of the acute insulin response to arginine in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; Nifedipine ; non insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus- ; hyperglycaemia ; plasma insulin ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 7-days of nifedipine treatment on insulin secretion has been analyzed in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent mellitus (NIDDM). Pancreatic β-cell function was assessed as insulin release following stimulation with arginine after potentiation by hyperglycaemia. Two groups of 5 patients with NIDDM (fasting blood glucose 139.2 mg·dl−1), on the same controlled diet, were compared; one was treated with nifedipine 30 mg per d and the other was the control. The mean blood pressure in the nifedipine group decreased (110 vs 102 mm Hg). Fasting blood glucose and basal plasma insulin were not affected by nifedipine. The acute insulin response (AIR) to 5 g arginine after potentiation by hyperglycaemia (clamped at 240 and 350 mg/dl for 30 min) was significantly (P〈0.05) decreased, as well as the potentiation slope (line relating AIR and plasma glucose level) in those patients, and were unchanged in the control group. Thus, nifedipine may impair insulin secretion at high glucose levels in patients with NiDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a combination of bedtime intermediate-acting insulin and glibenclamide in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with secondary failure to respond to oral hypoglycaemic agents (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Insulin ; Non-insulin-dependent diabetes ; Glibenclamide ; combined treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a subcutaneous injection of an intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime combined with glibenclamide has been evaluated in 16 non-insulin-diabetic patients with secondary failure to respond to oral agents. The patients showed poor metabolic control (HbA1〉11%) after two months on diet and glibenclamide treatment (15 mg.day−1). For 3 months the glibenclamide was continued together with an injection of an intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime in order to maintain fasting blood glucose under 120 mg.dl−1. A significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and HbA1 (15.50 vs 10.35%) and fructosamine (2.03 vs 1.69 mmol.l−1) was observed (230 to 141 mg.dl−1) at a mean insulin dose of 0.28 U.kg−1. The peak blood glucose after a standard test meal was also significantly improved (290 vs 203 mg.dl−1). Two months after the bedtime insulin injection had been withdrawn, only one patient was still being treated with oral agents alone. Except for another patient who dropped out, all the others had to be treated again with insulin because their fasting blood glucose exceeded 180 mg.dl−1. It is concluded that a single subcutaneous injection of an intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime combined with glibenclamide improved fasting and post-meal blood glucose concentrations in non-insulin-dependent patients resistant to diet and oral hypoglycaemic treatment. Almost all of the patients relapsed after insulin was withdrawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266349
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic relationships between plasma membrane ATPases of two different yeasts, Candida tropicalis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 115 (1983), S. 1114-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(83)80051-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic relationships between plasma membrane ATPases of two different yeasts, Candida tropicalis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 115 (1983), S. 1114-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(83)80051-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipolysis, fatness, gender and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy, normal-weight subjects (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 14-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Leptin – %fat, 18O-labelled water – glycerol – NEFA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Relationship between plasma leptin and adioposity and gender has been reported in adults. Effect of age on plasma leptin is unclear and regulation of leptin production by white adipose tissue is still poorly understood. Objectives: To study if age and parameters of lipolysis are related to plasma leptin concentrations. Methods: Seventy-seven healthy, normal-weight subjects (age range 19–82 y.) had measurements of body composition (18oxygen dilution technique) and of fasting plasma levels of leptin, glycerol, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Results: Plasma leptin was correlated to NEFA (r=0.28) and glycerol (r=0.48) concentrations. The relationship between %fat and plasma leptin was best fitted by an exponential (r2=0.82). In multiple regression %fat, body mass index, glycerol, and gender, but not fat mass, age or NEFA contributed independently to the variation in log plasma leptin. Log plasma leptin was higher in women than in men for a given glycerol concentration. Conclusion: Adiposity, lipolysis, and gender are related to plasma leptin in healthy humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050041
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of NAD+ cofactor by photosensitized electron transfer in an immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase system (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1774-1779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The irradiation with visible light of a photosensitizer dye like methylene blue was used to regenerate by electron transfer the oxidized form of a pyridine nucleotide coenzyme (NAD+). The process has been studied on a common enzymatic reaction: ethanol oxidation by alcohol-NAD+ oxidoreductase immobilized on polyacrylamide gel or porous glass balls. In the experimental conditions used, the initial NAD+ recycling rates were 2.33 × 104 cycles/h (polyacrylamide) and 3 × 104 cycles/h (glass balls). A total number of 49.5 × 104 cycles was obtained for 13 runs of 2 h. The enzyme immobilization strongly increased its stability: after 28 days at 20°C, the residual activity was 25% of the initial value.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260281204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy expenditure using isotope-labelled water (2H2 18O), exercise performance, skeletal muscle enzyme activities and plasma biochemical parameters in humans during 95 days of endurance exercise with inadequate energy intake (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 76 (1997), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Energy expenditure ; Isotope-labelled water ; Exercise performance ; Oxygen-18 ; Deuterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two men, R.F. and M.S., pulled sledges each with starting masses of 222 kg, 2300 km across Antarctica. Exercise was performed for approximately 10 h each day for 95 days. Despite an average energy intake of 21.3 MJ · day−1 both subjects lost more than 25% of body weight. Energy expenditure was measured using energy balance data (EB) and isotope-labelled water (2H2 18O). Isotope doses were taken on day 0 and day 50 of the expedition. During the first 50 days both methods gave reasonable agreement, giving energy expenditures of 38.3 (EB) and 35.5 (2H2 18O) MJ · day−1 in R.F. and 28.6 (EB) and 29.1 (2H2 18O) MJ · day−1 in M.S. The isotope data for days 20–30 yielded exceptional values of 44.6 MJ · day−1 in R.F. and 48.7 MJ · day−1 in M.S. Estimates of energy expenditure between day 51 and day 96 were much lower and although the methods were in agreement for R.F. – 24.1 (EB) and 23.1 (2H2 18O) MJ · day−1, there was poor agreement for MS – 26.8 (EB) and 18.8 (2H2 18O) MJ · day−1. However, some practical difficulties occurred during this second period and there were also problems arising from marked increases in body water that made estimates of body mass and composition change difficult to interpret. The latter problems were probably due to malnutrition, which may have also been responsible for surprising increases in urinary excretion of 2H and 18O observed in both men at around day 81. These increases may reflect the release of label incorporated into molecules other than water which do not normally freely exchange with the body water pool under the circumstances of marked malnourishment. Following the expedition, both men showed declines in maximal O2 consumption (V˙O2 max , 53.6 to 41.2 ml O2 kg−1 · min−1 in R.F., 58.1–46.0 ml O2 kg−1 · min−1 in M.S.); maximal voluntary isometric force production in different muscle groups (up to 19.9% in R.F. and 55.8% in M.S.) and both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial skeletal muscle enzyme activities (up to 56% in R.F. and 63% in M.S.). Plasma samples taken during the expedition showed low glucose levels, inappropriately high insulin levels, and declines in testosterone and luteinizing hormone. Thyroxine, cholesterol, albumin and triglyceride levels remained normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050243
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy and substrate metabolism during a 42-day bed-rest in a head-down tilt position in humans (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 78 (1998), S. 308-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Microgravity ; Fat-free mass ; Fat mass ; Fat oxidation ; Indirect calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microgravity-induced changes in body composition (decrease in muscle mass and increase in fat mass) and energy metabolism were studied in seven healthy male subjects during a 42-day bed-rest in a head-down tilt (HDT) position. Resting energy expenditure (REE), fat and glucose oxidation were estimated by indirect calorimetry on days 0, +8 and +40 of the HDT period. Assessments were performed both in post-absorptive conditions and following two identical test meals given at 3-h intervals. Body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry) was measured on days 0, +27, +42. Mean post-absorptive lipid oxidation decreased from 53 (SEM 8) mg · min−1 (day 0) to 32 (SEM 10) mg · min−1 (day 8, P=0.04) and 36 (SEM 8) mg · min−1 (day 40, P=0.06). Mean post-absorptive glucose oxidation rose from 126 (SEM 15) mg · min−1 (day 0) to 164 (SEM 14) mg · min−1 (day 8, P=0.04) and 160 (SEM 20) mg · min−1 (day 40, P=0.07). Mean fat-free mass (FFM) decreased between days 0 and 42 [58.0 (SEM 1.8) kg and 55.3 (SEM 1.7) kg, P〈0.01] while fat mass increased without reaching statistical significance. The mean REE decreased from 1688 (SEM 50) kcal · day−1 to 1589 (SEM 42) kcal · day−1 (P=0.056). Changes in REE were accounted for by changes in FFM. Mean energy intake decreased from 2532 (SEM 43) kcal · day−1 to 2237 (SEM 50) kcal · day−1 (day 40, P〈0.01) with only a minor decrease in the proportion of fat. We concluded that changes in fat oxidation at the whole body level can be found during HDT experiments. These changes were related to the decrease in FFM and could have promoted positive fat balance hence an increase in fat mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050425
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treadmill running starting 3 months after orchidectomy restores femoral bone mass in rats (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Bone ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Osteocalcin ; Rat ; Treadmill running
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was designed to provide data on the effects on femoral bone of endurance training starting only 3 months after orchidectomy in rats. A total of 70 Wistar male rats were used at 8 weeks of age. On day 0 of the experiment, 10 rats were killed by cervical dislocation to be used as first controls. Among the 60 other animals, half was surgically castrated (CX) or sham operated (SH). On day 90, 10 CX and 10 SH were killed and used as intermediary controls (ICX and ISH). Among the other 20 CX and 20 SH, 10 within each group (CXE, SHE) were selected for treadmill running (60% maximal oxygen uptake, 1 h · day−1, 5 days · week−1 for 12 weeks). The 20 other rats were used as sedentary controls (CXR, SHR) and killed (as runners) on day 180. On day 90 femoral bone density (BMD) and mineral content (BMC) were lower in ICX than in ISH. On day 180 total femoral BMD was lower in CXR than in CXE. Simultaneously metaphyseal femoral BMD was lower in CXR than in CXE, SHR or SHE. Furthermore, at that time, no significant difference concerning BMD and BMC was observed between SHR and CXE. This would indicate that treadmill running starting only 3 months after orchidectomy is able to restore BMD and BMC to control values, mainly by inhibiting bone resorption (as shown by decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion in CXE) without decreasing osteoblastic activity (evaluated by plasma osteocalcin concentration).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular hyperhydration induced by a 7-day endurance race (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 80 (1999), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Plasma volume ; Bioelectrical impedance ; 18O water ; Fluid compartments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To test the hypothesis that a chronic expansion of extracellular water (ECW), usually observed during prolonged endurance exercise, is associated with an increase in intracellular water space (ICW), total body water (TBW) and ECW were estimated before (within a week, day C-7) and after (on the 1st day of recovery, R+1) a competition lasting 7 consecutive days in nine healthy sportsmen. The competition involved running, cycling and cross-country skiing over 620 km. Between days C-7 and R+1, the following increases occurred – mean TBW by 4.2 (SEM 1.1) l (i.e. +10%, P = 0.01, bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA, at 100 kHz) and by 4.1 (SEM 0.7) l (P = 0.01, dilution of 18O); mean ECW by 2.2 (SEM 0.5) l (i.e. +14%, P = 0.01, BIA at 5kHz), and mean plasma volume (PV) by 0.7 (SEM 0.1) l (i.e. +22%, Evans blue dye dilution, P = 0.008). Consequently, mean ICW had been expanded by 2.1 (SEM 0.6) l (i.e. +8%, P = 0.01). The intensity of daily exercise evaluated from recordings of heart rate varied between 49.0% to 57.8% of maximal oxygen consumption V˙O2max. Water retention was highly correlated with relative exercise intensity V˙O2max (ICW, r=0.86; ECW, r=0.93; TBW, r=0.94). Total mean plasma content of sodium increased by 104 (SEM 17) mmol (P = 0.008) while albumin and total protein contents were unchanged. We concluded that prolonged and repeated exercise induced a chronic hyperhydration at both extracellular and intracellular levels, which was related to exercise intensity. Sodium retention was the major factor in the increase of PV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050603
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