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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In order to determine the most effective regimen for the prevention of infection after elective hysterectomy, 300 patients were randomly assigned to receive three perioperativc doses of either amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (1.2 g intravenous) or metronidazole (1 g suppository). Of the 280 patients who were assessable 138 were given amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and 142 received metronidazole; 268 underwent abdominal hysterectomy and 12 had vaginal hysterectomy. Patients in the amoxycillin-clavulanic acid group had significantly less infectious morbidity (13.8%) than those in the metronidazole group (33.1%). There were also statistically significant differences in favour of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid with respect to operative site infection, duration of hospital stay, need for postoperative antimicrobials, and surgery for operative site infection. But for one isolate of Bacteroides fragilis, all pathogens isolated from wound infections in the metronidazole group were aerobes. No anaerobes were isolated from patients in the amoxycillin-clavulanic acid group. The results suggest that prophylaxis for hysterectomy should consist of an agent, or combination of agents, with activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid fulfils this criterion and appears to be effective and safe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Technik des Ultrazentrifugierens (1) wurde benutzt für eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von pH, emulgierenden Bestandteilen und Elektrolytgehalt auf die Minimumdrucke, die für eine Vereinigung von Styrol-Butadien-(60∶40) Latex, das mit stearinsaurer Seife stabilisiert ist, benötigt werden. Die Methode gibt ein Maß der Kraft, die einer Vereinigung von Latexteilchen entgegenwirkt, und diese Kraft ist quantitativ auf die primären Maxima in den Kurven Von Kraft gegen den Abstand der Teilchen bezogen entsprechend der DLVO-Theorie. Die Untersuchung läßt vermuten, daß die Stabilität dieses LatexSystems durch die abstoßende elektrostatische Kraft beherrscht wird. Sie wird durch Faktoren kontrolliert, die diese Kraft beeinflussen, insbesondere die Bedekkung der Teilchenoberfläche mit Ionen, die das Potential bestimmen, und die Dicke der Doppelschicht, die durch die Konzentration einwertiger Elektrolyte modifiziert wird.
    Notes: Summary The ultracentrifugation technique (1), was used to study the effect of pH and of emulsifier and electrolyte contents on the minimum pressures required to coalesce styrene-butadiene (60∶40) latex stabilized with stearate soap. The method provides a measure of the force opposing coalescence of the latex particles which correlates qualitatively with the primary maxima in the force-interparticle distance curves calculated according to DLVO theory. The study suggests that stability of this latex system is dominated by the electrostatic repulsive force and is controlled by factors influencing this force, specifically coverage of the particle surface with potential determining ions and the thickness of the double layer, as modified by the concentration of univalent electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 920-927 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wechselwirkungen zwischen suspendierter mikrokristalliner Zellulose (Avicel) und Polyäthylenimin (PÄI) von verschiedenem Molekulargewicht wurden durch Beobachtungen der Sedimentation, der Elektrophorese und der Adsorption untersucht. Die Ergebnisse waren verträglich mit der Vorstellung, daß beides: Brückenbildung und elektrische Stabilisierung eine Rolle für die Aggregation und Sedimentation mikrokristalliner Cellulosepartikel in Gegenwart von Elektrolyten spielt. Die Hinzufügung von niedrigmolekularem PÄI beeinflußt die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Suspension in gleicher Weise wie einfache Elektrolyte. Das Zeta-Potential wird reduziert, was zu einer totalen Koagulation mit einer klaren überstehenden Flüssigkeit bei einer kritischen Menge an Zusatz führt. Mit weiterem Zusatz dreht sich das Potential um, geht durch ein Maximum und wird dann Null. Das Sedimentvolumen ist konstant über einen weiten Bereich der polymeren Zusätze. Keine Wiederstabilisierung wird beobachtet. Ein anfänglicher Zusatz von höhermolekularem PÄI führt Brückenbindungen ein, die Flokkulation auslösen, mehr oder weniger unabhängig von den elektrokinetischen Eigenschaften der Partikel. Eine Wiederstabilisierung wird bei höheren Polymerzusätzen beobachtet. Flocken, die durch hohe Scherungen wieder dispergiert sind, zeigen jedoch Eigenschaften, ähnlich denen von Suspensionen, welche mit niedermolekularen Polymeren behandelt wurden.
    Notes: Summary Interactions between suspended microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and polyethylenimine (PEI) with various molecular weights were examined by observing sedimentation, electrophoresis and adsorption. The experimental results are consistent with the view that both bridging and electrical stabilization play roles in the aggregation and sedimentation of microcrystalline cellulose particles in the presence of polyelectrolytes. The addition of low MW PEI affects the electrical properties of the suspension in a manner similar to simple electrolytes. The zeta potential is reduced resulting in a total coagulation with a clear supernatant at a critical level of addition. With further additions the potential is reversed, goes through a maximum and then becomes zero. The sediment volume is constant over a wide range of polymer additions. No restabilization is observed. The initial addition of higher MW PEI introduces bridging which is effective in producing flocculation that is more or less independent of the electrokinetic properties of the particles. A restabilization is observed at higher additions of polymer. Flocs, redispersed by high shear, however, show properties similar to the suspensions that were treated with low MW polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 414-414 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2209-2219 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model system for studying the reinforcement of paper is provided by the use of cationic latexes. The control of pH during addition of the latex to the pulp determines the uniformity of the latex deposition on the fibers. It is demonstrated, using scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing of the sheet, that the dry and wet strength properties are improved by the more uniform distribution of a film-forming latex. Conversely, a nonfilming latex impedes bonding to the extent that the fiber surface is covered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 3077-3086 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene latexes have been synthesized by a method based on that Kotera et al.4 The polymerization rates and yields have been improved by the addition of an alcohol (methanol) to the reactants. The effects of varying the methanol content and other process variables on the polymerization and on the properties of the latex are reported.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 539-548 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four experimental latexes of different styrene-butadiene ratios stabilized with quaternized amino groups were employed in deposition studies on unbeaten kraft pulp fibers. The attraction between the oppositely charged latex and fibers facilitates a ready latex deposition in the pH region between the points of zero charge of the latex and of the fibers. The rate of deposition appears to be controlled by latex diffusion and convection up to the fiber surface. The distribution of latex particles deposited on the fiber surface is related to the butadiene content and the latex stability. Polystyrene latex is the most stable and covers the fibers uniformly as individual particles. With increased butadiene content, the coagulation region of the latex is more extended and the tendency to deposit as aggregates is promoted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3143-3156 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water absorbency of a bleached softwood kraft pulp, as measured by its water retention value (WRV), was increased up to 30 times by graft polymerizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and subsequently hydrolyzing it to sodium polyacrylate-polyacrylamide copolymer. WRV was found to be related to the initial PAN graft level rather than to the final sodium polyacrylate content, and was independent of the grafting process used. However, the ceric ion process was found superior to both the cellulose xanthate-H2O2 and ferrous ion-H2O2 redox systems in that it occasioned only a minor loss during the hydrolysis stage and the WRV was less affected by drying. The WRV remained constant as pH was lowered from 9 to 5 but dropped to the level of unmodified pulp at pH 3.5 where the sodium salt is fully converted to poly(acrylic acid). Retention of 1% aqueous NaCl was about 60% of the WRV. The swelling properties of the grafted fibers under various conditions appear to be explained by considering the grafting to act in two ways: (a) the introduction of a potentially hydrophilic component capable of generating swelling pressures and (b) the reduction in the cohesion of the fiber by the interposition of graft polymer chains in the fiber structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1995-2008 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile-grafted cellulose (H-CPAN) have been investigated. The experimental results are consistent with the idea that the elementary particle is a rigid cellulose protofibril stabilized in suspension by associated polyelectrolyte side chains (polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid copolymer grafts). The behavior of intrinsic viscosity with electrolyte concentration, the concentration depependence and shear dependence of the viscosity and of the steady-state and dynamic shear moduli are qualitatively explained on this basis.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 51 (1961), S. 317-335 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The sorption of polyvinyl acetate from solution in organic solvents by cellulose fibers has been investigated and found to resemble the sorption of polymers by other porous sorbents. Differences in the extents of sorption from different solvents have been attributed to competition between solvent and polymer molecules for sorption sites, and have been correlated with the Hildebrand solubility parameter. The sorption properties of cellulose fibers which had been subjected to swelling in organic liquids, to solvent-replacement procedures, and to freeze drying were examined. The extent of sorption measures the degree of swelling and has been correlated with the properties of the swelling liquid.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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