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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of molecular orientation of very thin rubbed and unrubbed polyimide films (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To determine the molecular orientation of rubbed and unrubbed poly[4,4′-oxydiphenylene- pyromellitimide] (PMDA-ODA) films, we have measured the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of PMDA-ODA films on Si substrates as a function of the incident angle. The molecular orientation was determined by fitting the incident angle dependence and the IR dichroic ratio with the theoretical curves. The IR absorption was calculated by a transfer matrix method to take account of the multiple reflection and refraction at the interfaces. The vibrational response of the polyimide film in the IR region was represented by a Lorentz oscillator model. We found that the molecules in a spin-coated polyimide film are oriented parallel to the substrate surface with a standard deviation of 6.5°. For a rubbed film, the polymer chains are oriented along the rubbing direction and are tilted up on average by 8.5° from the surface plane. We observed a blueshift of the C=O asymmetric stretching band at oblique incidence. The blueshift is explained by anomalous dispersion of the dielectric constant of the polyimide film, and is reproduced by our calculation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical vapor deposition diamond window for high-power and long pulse millimeter wave transmission (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2160-2165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To satisfy the electrical and thermomechanical requirements for a continuous wave millimeter wave beam transmission, a window assembly using a large size synthesized diamond disk has been developed. Such window systems are needed as a vacuum barrier and tritium shielding in future electron cyclotron heating systems for fusion plasma heating and noninductive electron cyclotron current drive. The diamond used in this study was manufactured by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and consists of a polycrystalline diamond disk 96 mm in diameter and 2.23 mm thick. The disk was built into an assembly in which two Inconel tubes were bonded on both sides of the plate to provide vacuum shielding and water cooling to the edge of the disk, leaving an effective window aperture of 83 mm. It will be shown that, as a result of the high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss exhibited by this grade of CVD diamond, the temperature increase of the window due to the absorption of high-power millimeter wave radiation could be minimized by simple water edge cooling at room temperature. During transmission of a focused Gaussian beam of 170 GHz, 110 kW, 10 s, the temperature increase at the center of the window reached a steady state condition at a value of approximately 40 K, in good agreement with calculated values. Water-edge-cooled CVD diamond windows promise to provide a practical technical solution for the transmission of continuous millimeter wave transmission in excess of 1 MW. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148916
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical vapor deposition diamond window as vacuum and tritium confinement barrier for fusion application (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4139-4143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A pressure resistant polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond disk for a microwave window is used for a vacuum and a tritium confinement boundary in fusion applications. A pressure test of a CVD diamond window disk (2.25 mm in thickness and 100 mm in diameter) was carried out. It was demonstrated that the diamond window tolerated 1.0 MPa (10 atm) in the plenum. The displacement of the window center for both the growth and the nucleation side on the unpressurized side is 40±1 and 41±1 μm, respectively, at the pressure of 1.0 MPa, and these values agree well with those calculated. No damage in the disk and the braze, and no vacuum leakage in the assembly was observed. This result demonstrates that the diamond window assembly could tolerate up to 1.45 MPa. It was experimentally proved that the diamond window satisfied the safety requirement of 0.5 MPa resistance for the vacuum and the tritium confinement boundary of an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. The design prospect for the diamond window of the electron cyclotron heating and current drive system is also discussed, based on the stress analysis using the ABAQUS code. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1313799
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segregation and transport coefficients of impurities at the Si/SiO2 interface (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1553-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Segregation and transport coefficients of impurities at the Si/SiO2 interface have been studied. A brief model has been proposed which relates the two coefficients to the oxidation rate and the impurity concentrations at both sides of a Si/SiO2 interface. The model enables us to obtain the transport coefficients from the measured impurity profiles for the first time. The transport coefficients of arsenic and phosphorus are, for example, 0.12 and 5.0 μm/min at 1100 °C, respectively. The segregation coefficients can be also calculated from this model. They are more than 1000 for arsenic and phosphorus, and less than 1 for boron at 1000–1100 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338089
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Millimeter wave amplification in a free electron laser with a focusing wiggler (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 36-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mm wave amplifier experiment on a free electron laser was performed using an intense, mildly relativistic electron beam (0.7–0.9 MeV) with a combination of a focusing planar wiggler and a weak additional axial magnetic field in the so-called "group 1'' region. A beam transport ratio of over 80%, through the whole wiggler length, was realized. In an amplification experiment, a spatial growth rate of 56 dB/m was obtained at a frequency of 45 GHz, and a power saturation was observed at a level of 6 MW, where the total gain was estimated to be 52 dB. It was shown that the off-axis component of the beam contributes considerably to the rf amplification in the focusing wiggler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355861
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beam orbit analysis in a wiggler by using a noncanonical perturbation method (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1316-1325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a free-electron laser (FEL) with a long wiggler, an additional focusing field is required to keep beam particles from diverging. An additional long scale transverse motion induced by the focusing field modulates the longitudinal motion and sometimes destroys the axial phase relation between the beam particles and radiation field, even if the beam is successfully transmitted. In order to investigate such a delicate phase relation under a complex wiggler configuration, a systematic perturbation method that employs noncanonical variables and a Lie transformation developed by Cary and Littlejohn [Ann. Phys. 151, 1 (1983)] is presented. The method is applied to a focusing wiggler, which has a parabolically curved pole face. Radial space charge force is taken into account in the analysis and the maximum current that can propagate the wiggler is estimated for an electron beam whose energy is around 1 MeV. The effect of the beam current on the axial phase relation is also investigated and found to be small. The present noncanonical approach is found to be transparent and comprehensive for this kind of problem, compared with the standard canonical perturbation method and applicable to arbitrarily complex wigglers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface anisotropy of polyimide film irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1832-1834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using polarized infrared (IR) absorption, we have investigated the surface anisotropy of a poly [4, 4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide] (PMDA-ODA) film that arises from anisotropic decomposition of the polyimide chain during irradiation with linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV) light. To monitor the surface anisotropy, we designed the sample structure so that the polyimide films decomposed uniformly over the entire film thickness. The surface anisotropy has a maximum at an irradiation energy of 105 J/cm2. For PMDA-ODA, the maximum surface anisotropy is significantly smaller than the surface anisotropy generated by rubbing. By analyzing the irradiation energy dependence of an IR absorption band, we found that the decomposition rate of the polyimide chain oriented parallel to the polarization direction of the LPUV light is greater only by ∼23% than that oriented perpendicular to it. This is the reason for the small surface anisotropy induced by the LPUV light irradiation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121198
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between the pretilt angle of liquid crystal and the inclination angle of the polyimide backbone structure (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2755-2757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have determined the inclination angle of the backbone structure of polyimide with alkyl side-chains in rubbed films. Four different polyimides with the same backbone structure but different lengths of alkyl side-chains were used in this study. The inclination angle of the backbone structure increases with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side-chains. We found a linear relation between the inclination angle of the backbone structure and the pretilt angle of liquid crystal (LC) that is in contact with the polyimide films. We conclude that the inclination of the polyimide backbone structure determines the pretilt angle of LC. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119566
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic sclerosis-like lesions during long-term penicillamine therapy for Wilson's disease (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 116 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Systemic sclerosis-like lesions developed in a 14-year-old boy with Wilson's disease who had been treated with D-penicillamine for 11 years. Clinical and laboratory manifestations included proximal scleroderma, pulmonary restrictive defects, positive antinuclear antibodies, and the deposition of C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction of the lesional skin. This is the first case reported in which long-term administration of penicillamine was followed by the development of systemic sclerosis-like lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05795.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exacerbation of pemphigus by rifampicin (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 114 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rifampicin therapy caused exacerbation of skin lesions, rising serum pemphigus antibody titres, and decreased serum betamethasone levels in a 59-year-old man with pemphigus vulgaris. Exacerbation of pemphigus was confined to the period of rifampicin therapy and seems to be best explained by the effect of rifampicin on the metabolism of betamethasone. Physicians prescribing rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis should be aware of its potential to produce such an important adverse reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04882.x
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