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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 321-324 (Jan. 2000), p. 46-53 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128 (1994), S. 479-487 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 49 (1993), S. 233-248 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kristallchemie von Klinopyroxenen aus einer Serie von vulkanischen Gesteinen des Sunda-Bogens wurde mit Röntgen-Strukturverfeinerungen und Mikrosonden-analysen untersucht. Beziehungen zu Klinopyroxenen vulkanischer Gesteine aus intra-Plattenpositionen werden beleuchtet. Die Sunda-Klinopyroxene wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die erste umfaßt Klinopyroxene SiO2-gesättigter Gesteinstypen und Kristallsäume SiO2-untersättigter Gesteinstypen, die zweite Kristallkerne SiO2-untersättigter Gesteinstypen. Das kristallchemische Verhalten der beiden Gruppen unterscheidet sich beträchtlich, hauptsächlich in den geometrischen Beziehungen zwischen den M2 und T Positionen. Während in der ersten Gruppe die 〈M2-O3〉 und 〈T-O3〉 Bindungsldngen durch Zunahme von Ca und AlIV kleiner bzw. größer werden, sind in der zweiten Gruppe die 〈T-O3〉 Bindungslängen trotz niedrigen AlIV Gehaltes zu einer Vergrößerung gezwungen, damit um die O3 Atome der lokale Ladungsausgleich erhalten bleibt. Es ist bemerkenswert, daß die Sunda-Klinopyroxene große Analogien zu denen aus basaltischen Gesteinen des Abessinischen Plateaus und aus K-reichen Laven sowohl der Römischen Provinz als auch des Westafrikanischen Grabens zeigen. Dies spiegelt Ähnlichkeiten zwischen Zusammensetzung und Mineralbestand der Muttergesteine wider, obwohl sie all aus tektonisch unterschiedlichen Positionen kommen. Eine Beziehung zwischen intrakristalliner Mg-Fe2+ Unordnung und dem explosiven Charakter des Vulkanismus wird aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Summary The crystal-chemistry of clinopyroxene from a suite of Sunda arc volcanic rocks was investigated by X-ray structure refinement and microprobe analysis. Relationships with clinopyroxene from volcanic rocks of the intraplate environment were highlighted. Sunda clinopyroxenes were distinguished into two groups. The first consists of clinopyroxene from SiO2-saturated rock types and crystal rim from SiO2-undersaturated rock types, the second of crystal core from SiO2-undersaturated rock types. The crystal chemical behaviour of the two groups differs significantly, mainly in the geometrical relationships between M2 and T sites. While in the first group 〈M2-O3〉 and 〈T-O3〉 bond lengths shorten and lengthen respectively due to Ca and AlIV increase, in the second group in which M2 site is almost fully coordinated by Ca, 〈-O3〉 bond lengths are forced to lengthen in spite of low AlIV content, in order to mantain the local charge balance around the O3 oxygens. It is noteworthy that Sunda clinopyroxene shows strong analogies with that from basaltic rocks from the Ethiopian plateau and K-rich lavas from the Roman Province respectively, reflecting similarities between the composition and mineralogical assemblages of the host rocks, although they all came from different tectonic environments. A relationship between intracrystalline Mg-Fe 2+ disorder and the explosive character of the volcanism is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 54 (1995), S. 213-224 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehungen zwischen dem “kink”-Winkel der tetraedrischen T Kette und der Besetzungskonfiguration der C2/c Pyroxene von vulkanischen Gesteinen wurde an ca. 200 Proben untersucht. Der “kink”-Winkel (KA) ist durch folgende Gleichung definiert: KA = arccos {1 −c 2/ (2d 2)}, wobei c die Kantenlänge der Einheitszelle und d die Distanz O3A1–O3A2 darstellt. In den hier studierten Pyroxenen variiert dieser Winkel zwischen 164 und 167°. Das Verhältnis zwischen c und der Distanz O3A1–O3A2 hängt von der Besetzung der M1, M2 and T Position im Gitter ab, die ihrerseits wiederum durch verschiedene Substitutions-Mechanismen kontrolliert wird. Das Verhältnisc/d variiert, sobald am Kationenaustausch Kationen verschiedener Ladung involviert sind, und ist ziemlich konstant, wenn gleichgeladene Kationen ausgetauscht werden. Dasc/d Verhältnis ist von der Menge eines Kations, das in eine entsprechende Kristallographische Position eingebaut wird, abhängig und erreicht ein Maximum in synthetischen und natürlich vorkommenden Pyroxenendgliedern.
    Notes: Summary The relationships between kinking of the T tetrahedral chain and the site configuration of C2/c pyroxenes from volcanic rocks were investigated, and about two hundred samples were examinated. Kink angle (KA) is defined by the equation KA = arccos [1-c 2/(2d 2)], in which c is the cell edge andd the O3A1–O3A2 distance; in the pyroxenes studied here, it varies from about 164° to about 167°. The ratio betweenc cell edge and O3A1–O3A2 distance depends on the various M1, M2 and T site configurations which, in turn, are related to their different mechanisms of cation substitution. Thec/d ratio varies if isomorphic substitutions involve cations with different charge, while it is quite constant if the substitutions involve cations with the same net charge. Thec/d ratio variation is related to the amount of cation substitution in each crystallographic site, and reaches its maximum range in synthetic and natural end-member pyroxenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ca-reiche Pyroxene von basischen und sauren Gesteinen der Cameroon Volcanic Line (Westafrika): Kristallchemie und petrologische Beziehungen C2/c Pyroxenphänokristalle aus basischen Gesteinen (Basanit–Trachyphonolith-Suite und Alkalibasalte) und differenzierte CIPW Ne- und Q-normative Trachyte und Rhyolithe, die im kontinentalen Sektor der Cameroon Volcanic Line auftreten, wurden mittels Einkristall-Röntgendiffraktion, ergänzt durch Elektronenmikrosonden-Analyse, untersucht. Diese Technik ermöglicht genaue Angaben zur Besetzung der Gitterpositionen und der geometrischen Variationen. Der untersuchte Klinopyroxen ist die einzige kristallisierende Ca-reiche Liquidusphase, sowohl in den basischen als auch in den differenzierten Vulkaniten. Klinopyroxene aus alkalischen Gesteinen sind durch große VT, als Folge von niedrigem Si(T) und von Si-AlVI Substitution, charakterisiert, was wiederum hohe R3+(AlVI + Fe3+ + Cr3+ + Ti4+) in der M1 Position erforderlich macht. Klinopyroxene aus differenzierten sauren Vulkaniten haben ein großes VM1. Dies steht mit hohen Fe2+ (M1) Gehalten in Beziehung, da Klinopyroxen aus MgO-armen (〈 0.5 Gew.%) Schmelzen bei relativ niedrigem fO2 (QFM Buffer) auskristallisierte. Die hohen Fe2+-Gehalte in M1 verursachen eine Verlängerung der 〈M1-O〉 Abstände, was wiederum eine Verkürzung der T-O1 und T-O2 Abstände (i.e. hohes Si) erforderlich macht, ungeachtet der magmatischen Affinität des Klinopyroxens in SiO2-untersättigten oder -übersättigten Bedingungen. Daher haben Klinopyroxene aus sauren Gesteinen ähnliche (Ca + Na)- Gehalte wie jene aus basischen; aber ihr 〈M2-O3〉 ist, als Folge der 〈T-O3〉 Verkürzung, relativ länger. Daraus folgt, daß Klinopyroxene, die aus silikatischen Schmelzen auskristallisieren eine relativ große Zunahme in VM2 zeigen, die aber nicht mit einer Zunahme von (Ca + Na) in Beziehung steht. Die β-ΔM2 (Verzerrungsparameter) Beziehung zeigt, daß die basischen Magmen, die Stammagmen der Q-normativen Gesteine, leicht bis mäßig alkalische Basalte waren und nicht SiO2-untersättigte oder -übersättigte. Jene der Trachyphonolithe und Ne-Trachyte waren deutlicher SiO2-untersättigt (z.B. die basanitischen Magmen). Die Beziehungen von Vcell-VM1 bestätigen, daß die Klinopyroxenphänokristalle in der Kruste bei relativ niedrigen Drucken (ca. 1–5 kbar) kristallisierten.
    Notes: Summary C2/c pyroxene (Cpx) phenocrysts from basic rocks (basanite-trachyphonolite suite and alkali basalts) and differentiated CIPW Ne- and Q-normative trachytes and rhyolites occurring in the continental sector of the Cameroon Volcanic Line were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with electron probe microanalysis. This technique provides accurate data on site occupancy and geometric variations. The investigated Cpx is the only liquidus Ca-rich crystallizing phase from both basic and differentiated volcanics. Cpx from basic alkaline rocks are characterized by large VT owing to their low Si(T), which requires high R3+ (AlVI + Fe3+ + Cr3+ + Ti4+) in M1 site, due to Si-AlIV substitution. High Ca content allows the appropriate netcharge for the overbonded O3 oxygens. Cpx from differentiated silicic volcanics have large VM1 related to high Fe2+ (M1), since Cpx crystallized from MgO-poor (〈 0.5 wt%) melts at relatively low fO2 (QFM buffer). The high Fe2+ (M1) causes lengthening of 〈M1-O〉, which requires shortening of T-O1 and T-O2 (i.e. high Si), irrespective of the magmatic affinity of the Cpx in SiO2-undersaturated or oversaturated conditions. Therefore, Cpx from silicic rocks have similar (Ca + Na) contents to those formed from basic rocks, but their 〈M2-O3〉 is relatively longer, owing to the shortening of 〈T-O3〉. It follows that Cpx crystallizing from silicic melts show a relatively large VM2 increase, which is not related to an increase in (Ca + Na). The β-ΔM2 (distortion parameter) relationship of Cpx indicates that the basic magmas parental to Q-normative rocks were slightly to moderately alkaline basalts and not SiO2-undersaturated or oversaturated, while those from trachyphonolite and Ne-trachyte were distinctly more SiO2-undersaturated (e.g. basanitic magmas). Vcell–VM1 relationships confirmed that the investigated Cpx phenocrysts crystallized in the crust at relatively low pressure (ca. 1–5 kbar).
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mercier's thermobarometer (Mercier 1980) and Saxena's thermometer (Dal Negro et al. 1982) were applied to single pyroxenes of both porphyroclastic (PF) and protogranular (PR) spinel peridotitic nodules enclosed in alkaline products related to necks of North-Eastern Brazil. Intercrystalline temperatures obtained using both orthopyroxene (opx) and clinopyroxene (cpx) compositions were in agreement, and were lower in protogranular than in porphyroclastic nodules (1051±57 and 1266±19°C respectively). In contrast, pressure estimates using cpx and opx were conflicting, in particular as regards PF nodules. In fact for PF nodules cpx compositions point to 27–32 kbar (mean 29±2) whereas opx compositions point to 17–19 kbar (mean 18±1). Conversely, PR nodule cpx and opx compositions point to similar values 17–24 and 15–18 kbar respectively (mean 19±4). The result obtained for PF nodules using cpx composition clearly contrasts with petrographic evidence and it is due to the peculiar composition of PF cpx (e.g. low Ca content, from 0.645 to 0.737 atoms per formula unit, a.f.u.) that strongly affects the barometric formulation. The PR and PF cpxs reveal similar mean intracrystalline temperature estimates (712±112 and 778±217°C, respectively). These, considering the difference of about 200°C in the intercrystalline temperature estimates, indicate that the exchange cation reaction between the M1 and M2 sites was a faster process in PF than in PR cpx, favoured by the low Ca content of PF cpx. Thus alternatively, the composition of PF cpx, characterized by a high rate of Ca » Mg substitution in the M2 site, may not affect the intercrystalline temperature. Therefore the difference of about 200°C found in intercrystalline temperatures between PR and PF cpxs, in spite of their same pressure values, may be interpreted as indicating an anomalous temperature gradient in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray crystal structure refinements and microprobe analyses of clinopyroxenes from two suites of spinel-peridotite nodules are compared for an understanding of the structural response to a decrease in Ca content. The kinking of the tetrahedral chain (O3-O3-O3 angle) of the C2/c structure associated with decreased Ca content shows behavior similar to that observed for the A-tetrahedral chain of the P21/c structure. Contemporaneously the occupancy of the M2′ split site increases. In addition, as a consequence of the low Ca content, the M2 polyhedron dominates the structural rearrangement of the clinopyroxenes considered here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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