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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypertension ; atrial natriuretic peptide ; insulin ; salt-sensitivity ; kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the influence of salt-sensitivity on the plasma insulin and glucose response to infusion of ANP, we studied 22 men with essential hypertension, who were between 40 and 60 years old. After 1 month under normal Na+ intake (120 mmol Na+ per day), patients were randomly assigned to receive either ANP (0.04 μg · kg−1 · min−1) (n=15) or vehicle (50 ml saline) (n=7) over a 60-min period, while in the supine position. Plasma insulin and glucose were measured at time −60, 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240 min. Ten days after ANP infusion, blood pressure sensitivity to changes in di etary salt intake was assessed according to a randomized double-blind crossover protocol. Patients were classified into two groups either salt-sensitive (n=8) or salt-resistant (n=7). Our results showed that plasma insulin and glucose did not change during ANP infusion in both groups. However, both plasma insulin (from 75.6 ± 45.1 pmol/l at 60 min to 121.2 ± 48.6 pmol/l at 240 min, p 〈0.05 vs time 0) and glucose levels (from 4.86 ± 0.73 mmol/l at 60 min to 6.56 ± 1.03 mmol/l at 240 min, p 〈0.01 vs time 0) rose after discontinuation of ANP in salt-sensitive patients, but did not change at all in salt-resistant patients. In conclusion, this randomized vehicle-controlled study demonstrates that plasma insulin and glucose levels increase in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients after the infusion of ANP. The increase of plasma insulin levels observed after ANP discontinuation, if occurring under physiologic conditions, could influence the blood pressure sensitivity to dietary Na+ intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Hypertension, atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin, salt-sensitivity, kidney. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 308–312]
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the influence of salt-sensitivity on the plasma insulin and glucose response to infusion of ANP, we studied 22 men with essential hypertension, who were between 40 and 60 years old. After 1 month under normal Na+ intake (120 mmol Na+ per day), patients were randomly assigned to receive either ANP (0.04 µg·kg−1·min−1) (n =15) or vehicle (50 ml saline) (n =7) over a 60-min period, while in the supine position. Plasma insulin and glucose were measured at time –60, 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240 min. Ten days after ANP infusion, blood pressure sensitivity to changes in dietary salt intake was assessed according to a randomized double-blind crossover protocol. Patients were classified into two groups either salt-sensitive (n =8) or salt-resistant (n =7). Our results showed that plasma insulin and glucose did not change during ANP infusion in both groups. However, both plasma insulin (from 75.6±45.1 pmol/l at 60 min to 121.2±48.6 pmol/l at 240 min, p〈0.05 vs time 0) and glucose levels (from 4.86±0.73 mmol/l at 60 min to 6.56±1.03 mmol/l at 240 min, p〈0.01 vs time 0) rose after discontinuation of ANP in salt-sensitive patients, but did not change at all in salt-resistant patients. In conclusion, this randomized vehicle-controlled study demonstrates that plasma insulin and glucose levels increase in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients after the infusion of ANP. The increase of plasma insulin levels observed after ANP discontinuation, if occurring under physiologic conditions, could influence the blood pressure sensitivity to dietary Na+ intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Essential hypertension ; endothelium ; endothelins ; cardiovascular risk.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Circulating endothelin-1 concentration was evaluated in 93 lean patients with essential hypertension, of whom 16 had impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidaemia, 25 had impaired glucose tolerance, 28 had hyperlipidaemia and 24 had no metabolic abnormalities; we also studied 22 control subjects. All groups were age- and sex-matched. Plasma endothelin-1 levels were higher (p 〈 0.05) in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidaemia than in the remaining groups, and were directly correlated with fasting insulin levels (r = 0.506, p = 0.045). Therefore, circulating endothelin-1 concentrations are elevated in hypertensive patients with a high-risk profile due to the presence of metabolic abnormalities, and might favour the development of vascular damage. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 100–102]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 666-672 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Utilizzando una tecnica sperimentale che consente di determinare in fili metallici sia la diffusività termicaD sia il coefficienteμ di perdita superficiale mediante la misura diretta del ritardo di fase e dell'attenuazione di un'onda termica tra due punti fissi del campione, ci si è proposti di analizzare alcuni risultati ottenuti recentemente in un campione di rame, variando opportuamente le condizioni al contorno. In particolare, ci si è voluti assicurare che la diffusività termica non risultasse dipendente dal valore del coefficiente di perdita superficiale. Le misure sono state eseguite alla frequenza fissa di 0.0121 Hz in atmosfera di azoto, a pressioni diverse comprese tra ∼10−2 mTorr e 220 mTorr. L'estremità lontana del campione e le pareti del contenitore erano tenuti costantemente alla stessa temperatura (0°C), mentre il gradiente termico era sistematicamente variato tra 2°C e 12°C, in corrispondenza di ciascuna pressione. Operando in questo modo, si potevano variare opportunamente sia la conduzione sia l'irraggiamento del calore dalla superficie laterale del campione nel mezzo circostante. In queste misure, la causa predominante di errore viene dalla misura dello sfasamento delle due onde, che introduce nella valutazione diD un'incertezza del 2%. I valori sperimentali ottenuti nelle diverse condizioni prima ricordate risultano, in ogni caso, compresi entro i limiti di questa incertezza, poichéD=(1.17±0.02) cm2/s, in ottimo accordo con i dati della letteratura. Questo risultato dimostra pertanto che la diffusività termica, determinata con questo metodo dinamico, risulta effettivamente indipendente dalla quantità di calore transmesso dal campione nel mezzo circostante, consentendo pertanto piú agevoli determinazioni della conducibilità termica dei solidi, noti la densità ed il calore specifico.
    Abstract: Резюме С помощью новой экспериментальной техники, основанной на нестационарном методе, т.е. на свойствах распространения тепловых волн, мы измеряем коэффициент температуропроводностиD медного провода, посредством измения граничных условий, чтобы выяснить независимость величинD от поверхностных потерь тепла. Температурные осцилляции при фиксированной частоте 0.0121 Гц возбуждаются на одном конце образца, который помеЩен в атмосферу азота при различных давлениях в области от ∼10−2 мтор до 220 мтор. Температуры другого конца образца и стенок контейнера являются постояннюми 0°C, тогда как градиент температуры между средним значением осциллирующей темпертурой и этой постоянной температурой изменяется от 2°C до 12°C для каждого значения давления, за счет регулировки мощности нагревателя. Этот метод позволяет изменять тепловые потери, обусловленные либо проводимостью и конвекцией, либо излучением. Основная причина ошибок проистекает из неопределенности в измерениях фазового сдвига между тепловыми осцилляциями, заререгистрированными в двух фиксированных точках образца. Ошибка при измерении составляет около 2%. Экспериментальные значения, полученные для коэффициента температуропроводности при различных граничных условиях,D=(1.17±0.02) см−2с−1, хорошо согласуются с данными в литературе. Полученные результаты показывают, что предложенный экспериментальный метод обладает большим преимуществом при определении температуропроводности и, следовательно, теплопроводности твердых тел, не уделяя особого внимания изоляции образца.
    Notes: Summary By means of a new experimental technique based on a non-steady-state method,i.e. on the propagation properties of thermal waves, we have measured the thermal diffusivityD of a copper wire by changing properly its boundary conditions in order to ascertain whether the values ofD were independent of the surface heat losses. Temperature oscillations at the fixed frequency of 0.0121 Hz were excited at one end of the specimen which was in nitrogen atmosphere at different pressures ranging from ∼10−2 mTorr to 220 mTorr. The temperatures of the far end of the specimen and the walls of the container had the same constant value of 0°C, while the temperature gradient between the average value of the oscillating temperatures and this constant temperature was changed from 2°C to 12°C for each pressure by adjusting the heater power. By operating in this way it was possible to change either the heat losses due to conduction and convection or those due to radiation. The major cause of error came from the uncertainty in the measurements of the phase shift between the thermal oscillations detected at the two fixed points of the specimen which introduces in the evaluation ofD an error of about 2%. The experimental values obtained for the thermal diffusivity in these different boundary conditions were in any case comprised within this uncertainty sinceD=(1.17±0.02) cm2s−1, in good agreement with the literature. The results so far obtained show that the experimental method has the great advantage of giving the thermal diffusivity and, therefore, the thermal conductivity of a solid without the necessity of taking particular care in insulating the specimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1499-1514 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Studies of specific liquid structures ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Our recent studies related to the properties of alcohol/water mixtures show the occurrence of some kind of molecular aggregation in the water-rich region of composition beyond a threshold alcohol concentrationx 2 *. The observed behaviour suggests that forx 2〈x 2 * the alcohol molecules are essentially dispersed and surrounded by «water cages» where the short-range order and microdynamic of water molecules are changed with respect to those of pure water. Alcohol molecules are in mutual contact at higher concentration only when almost all water is involved in hydration shells of alcohol molecules. The structural transition atx 2 * resembles, for some aspect, the micellization process. The main results of these investigations are reviewed and discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1601-1611 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electron correlation calculations for atoms and molecules ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The structure of water in water/AOT/n-heptane reverse micelles has been studied as a function of the [H2O]/[AOT] ratio (W) by using the absorption IR due to O−H stretching modes in the 3800–3000 cm−1 range. The results show that the IR spectra can be expressed as a sum of contributions from bound- and bulk-like water. The fraction of water in the two «regions» within the water pool was evaluated as a function ofW. The «bound» water region seems to hold 3.5 water molecules (corresponding to 7 O−H oscillators) per AOT molecule and its formation is nearly complete atW〉6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1053-1065 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Disperse systems ; PACS 78.30 ; Infrared and Raman spectra and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The structure of water in bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) micelles has been studied as a function of the [H2O]/[AOT] ratio (W) by using the absorption IR due to O−H stretching modes in the 3800–3000 cm−1 range. Three systems have been studied: water/AOT/carbon tetrachloride, water/AOT/n-heptane and water/AOT iso-octane. Experimental spectra are presented and discussed for the O−H stretching region both of H2O and isotopically diluted HDO molecules in D2O. We have restricted ourselves to the region of small amounts of water (0〈W〈20) where the properties of the systems change strongly with the water content. The results show that IR spectra can be expressed as sum of contributions from interfacial and bulk-like water. The fraction of water in the two “regions” within the water pool was evaluated as a function ofW. From the data a continuous variation appears in the water properties inside micellar cores rather than a two-steps hydration mechanism. The solubilization of water is described in terms of hydration of the AOT head group and Na+ counterions. The maximum hydration number of AOT was found to be 3.5. The same behaviour has been observed in the three solvents studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 7 (1986), S. 781-794 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Other topics in thermal properties of condensed matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Servendosi di una tecnica sperimentale basata su un metodo non stazionario, in particolare, sulla propagazione di onde termiche, sono stati misurati, a temperatura ambiente e su un intervallo di frequenze tra 6 e 30 mHz, la diffusività termicaD, il coefficiente di perdita laterale e la perdita relativa per unità di lunghezza di campioni di Nb e Ta, in funzione del contenuto di idrogeno anche oltre il limite di solubilità. L’aumento dell’idrogeno produce in entrambi i casi notevoli variazioni in queste grandezze che sono analizzate alla luce della trasformazione dalla fase di soluzione solida a quella di precipitazione degli idruri. Sono state misurate anche le grandezze caratteristiche di propagazione delle onde termiche, in particolare la velocità di fase ed il coefficiente di attenuazione. Si è visto che l’aumento della concentrazione di idrogeno nella soluzione solida provoca una graduale diminuzione della velocità di fase ed un aumento del coefficiente di attenuazione fino al limite di solubilità. Aumentando ancora il contenuto d’idrogeno, la velocità mostra una tendenza ad aumentare verso il valore corrispondente al metallo puro, mentre il coefficiente di attenuazione diminuisce verso valori anche inferiori a quello del metallo puro. L’esame dei risultati sin qui ottenuti con questa tecnica sperimentale appare nel complesso piuttosto incoraggiante.
    Abstract: Резюоме С помощью экспериментальной техники, основанной на методе нестационарных состояний, т.е. на распространении тепловых волх, мы измеряем при комнатной температуре при частотах осцилляций в интервале от 6 до 30 мГд коеффициент температуропроводности, попечный коэффициент тепловях потерь и «относительняе тепловяе потери» в Nb и т Ta проволоках в зависимости от концентрации водородной примеси. Образование гидридов и осаждение заметно изменяют поведение рассматриваемых величин. Из проведенных измерений можно вычислить скорость распространения и коэффициент затухания тепловях волн. Обнаружено, что увеличение концентрации водорода в твердом растворе приводит к уменышению скорости и увеличению коэффициента затухания, пока не достигается предел растворимости. Для больших концентраций водорода скорость обнаруживает тенденцию к увеличению до величины, соответствуьщей чистому металлу, тогда как коэффициент затухания уменьшается ниЗе величины, соответствующей чистому металлу. Полученные результаты являются многообещающими для исследования свойств гидрированных систем.
    Notes: Summary By means of an experimental technique based on a nonsteady-state method,i.e. on the propagation of thermal waves, we have measured at room temperature for oscillation frequencies between 6 and 30 mHz the thermal diffusivity, the lateral thermal-loss coefficient and the «fractional heat loss» in Nb and Ta wires as a function of hydrogen doping. The appearance of hydride formation and precipitation notably changes the behaviour of these quantities. From these measurements it was also possible to calculate the propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient of thermal waves. It was found that the increase of the hydrogen concentration in the solid solution produces a gradual decrease in the velocity and increase in the attenuation coefficient until the solubility limit is reached. For larger hydrogen concentrations, the velocity showed a tendency to increase towards the value of the pure metal, while the attenuation coefficient decreased below the value of the pure metal. These results as a whole appear quite promising for studying the properties of hydrogenated systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2939-2945 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple model based on the hypothesis of existence of hydration spheres and their overlap with increasing the salt concentration is proposed. A expression for the volumetric properties of 1–1 aqueous electrolyte solutions is derived in terms of a consistent set of parameters related to the volumetric properties of the hydration spheres. Such a model is applied to study the concentration dependence of the molar volume, compressibility and expansivity of aqueous sodium chloride solutions at different values of temperature and pressure. The concentration dependence of the molar volume of some aqueous alkali halides at 20 °C is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Section 27 (1971), S. 2061-2066 
    ISSN: 0584-8539
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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