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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 26 (1954), S. 746-748 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 43 (1957), S. 151-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 43 (1994), S. 723-729 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Esmolol – Sympathikoadrenerge Reaktion – Narkoseausleitung – Hypertonie ; Key words: Esmolol – Sympathoadrenergic reaction – Recovery – Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. In addition to laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and other stressful intraoperative phases, hypertension occurs during recovery from anaesthesia, provoking postoperative complications like bleeding and increased intracranial or intraocular pressure. Furthermore, these hypertensive reactions result in life-threatening complications, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effect of the new, short-acting beta-blocker esmolol given as a single bolus for preventing the increases in blood pressure and heart rate during recovery from anaesthesia and extubation in patients with hypertension was investigated. Patients and Methods. Sixty-three patients with a history of hypertension over a period of more than 6 months and blood pressure (BP) more than 150/90 mm Hg undergoing intervertebral-disc, otolaryngologic, or eye surgery were included in the study. The operations were performed during thiopentone-induced isoflurane anaesthesia with relaxation by atracurium. The patients were assigned to three groups after giving witnessed oral informed consent. During the study period they received the study drug twice: (A) 30 – 90 s before turning off the nitrous oxide; and (B) 20 – 90 s before extubation. Group I (placebo) received placebo each time, group II (100 mg esmolol) placebo at A and 100 mg esmolol i.v. at B, and group III (200 mg esmolol) 100 mg esmolol i.v. each time. After each medication the cardiovascular parameters were measured noninvasively over a period of 10 min every minute and in the following 2 h every 15 min. Results After the first medication systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were lower in patients receiving 100 mg esmolol (Group III) than in groups I and II. After the second injection the blood pressure was lower in the two groups receiving 100 mg esmolol, than the placebo group (I: 180.1±7.4/100.7±3.6; II: 152.8±5.8/87.9±3.4; III: 157.9±5.3/91.5±3.6 mm Hg [χ¯2 min±SEM]). The changes in HR (I: 88.2±3.8; II: 75.6±2.6; III: 72±3.1 min−1) and RPP (I: 15,800±900; II: 11,700±700; III: 11,400±600) were similar. In 8 of the 20 patients in group III the HR dropped below 60⋅min−1, but in none of these patients did the BP become instable. Conclusions. The sympathoadrenergic reaction during recovery from anaesthesia and extubation can be treated by beta-blocking agents, but such therapy is not without risk because of the long half-life and effects of the therapy on other factors such as postoperative loss of intravascular volume. Esmolol is a new, short-acting, cardioselective beta-blocker with a very short plasma distribution time and an elimination half-life of 9.2 min. Thus, the potential risks of beta-blockers due to half-life are minimised. The results of this study show that a dangerous increase in BP and HR with increased myocardial oxygen consumption can be prevented by a single bolus, and better by a double bolus of 100 mg esmolol. Although bradycardia with HR below 50⋅min−1 in 8 patients might indicate a risk of cardiac instability, the systolic BP did not fall below 100 mm Hg, and the episode of bradycardia was so short that there was no risk to the patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. In der hier vorgestellten Studie sollte überprüft werden, inwieweit mit Einzelboli von Esmolol einem Anstieg von Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz während Narkoseausleitung bei Patienten mit einer Hypertonie vorgebeugt werden kann. In die Studie wurden 63 Patienten aufgenommen, bei denen über mindestens 6 Monate eine Hypertonie bekannt war. Nach der mit Isofluran durchgeführten Narkose erhielten sie einen ersten Bolus der Prüfsubstanz 90 s vor Abstellen der Anästhesiegase, einen zweiten 90 s vor der Extubation. Die Gruppe I (n = 21) erhielt zu beiden Zeitpunkten Natriumchlorid 0,9% als Plazebo, die Gruppe II (n=21) zunächst Plazebo, dann als zweites 100 mg Esmolol und die Gruppe III (n=21) zu beiden Zeitpunkten je 100 mg Esmolol. Nach jeder Gabe wurden die Kreislaufparameter nicht invasiv gemessen und das rate pressure product errechnet. Sowohl nach der ersten als auch nach der zweiten Injektion waren der Blutdruck und die Herzfrequenz bei den Patienten niedriger, die Esmolol erhalten hatten. Die Patienten, die zweimal 100 mg Esmolol erhalten hatten, hatten einen noch geringeren Anstieg des Blutdrucks und der Herzfrequenz als die, die nur einen Bolus erhalten hatten. Bei 8 der 20 Patienten der Gruppe III, die zweimal 100 mg Esmolol erhalten hatten, fiel die Herzfrequenz unter 60 min−1. Lediglich bei zwei dieser Patienten fiel dabei der Blutdruck auf unter 100 mm Hg systolisch (jeweils 97 mm Hg für maximal 3 min). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich ein möglicherweise gefährlicher Blutdruckanstieg während einer Narkoseausleitung durch die prophylaktische Bolusgabe von einmal 100 mg, besser zweimal 100 mg Esmolol verhindern läßt. Das niedrige rate pressure product gibt einen Hinweis, daß der myokardiale Sauerstoffbedarf durch die Gabe von Esmolol während der Narkoseausleitung gesenkt werden kann. Dabei kann es jedoch zu ausgeprägten Bradykardien kommen, wobei das Blutdruckverhalten allerdings stabil ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 677-679 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Demethylation ; Aminopyrine ; Drugs metabolism ; Antiepileptic drugs ; Calcium absorption ; Diphenylhydantoin ; Microsomal enzyme system ; Aminophenazon, Demethylierung ; Arzneimittelstoffwechsel ; Mikrosomales Enzymsystem ; Antiepileptika ; Calciumstoffwechsel ; Diphenylhydantoin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Demethylierung von Aminophenazon wurde bei 25 Lebergesunden ohne Medikamenteneinnahme und 19 Epileptikern unter antikonvulsiver Langzeitbehandlung mittels des14C-Aminophenazon-Atemtestes untersucht. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe bestand bei Epileptikern unter antikonvulsiver Langzeitbehandlung eine gesteigerte Demethylierung für14C-Aminophenazon (kumulative14CO2-Exhalation: nach 1/2 h 88,7%, nach 2 h 62,6% und nach 8 h nur noch 24,8%). Der14C-Aminophenazon-Exhalationstest läßt sich nicht nur zur Erkennung einer verminderten Demethylierung der Leber bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen, sondern auch zur Erfassung einer gesteigerten Demethylierungsfunktion bei Patienten unter induzierenden Pharmaka verwenden.
    Notes: Summary Demethylation of aminopyrine was measured in 25 healthy controls and 19 epileptics on long-term treatment with anticonvulsants by the14C-aminopyrine breath test. Compared to controls epileptics exhibited increased cumulative14CO2-exhalation rates (88.7% at 30 min, 62.6% at 2 h and 24.8% at 8 h) following ingestion of 2 µCi14C-aminopyrine. The results suggest that long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs results in increased demethylating function of the liver which can be easily detected by a simple breath analysis technique like decreased demethylation in chronic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 139 (1960), S. 287-342 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 65 (1982), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: salicylate ; erythrocyte ; anion exchange ; pH ; DIDS ; CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Changes in extracellular pH (pH o ) in human red cell suspensions were monitored in a stopped-flow rapid reaction apparatus. A 20% suspension of washed human RBC in saline at pH 7 containing NaHCO3 and extracellular carbonic anhydrase was mixed with an equal volume of buffered saline solution at pH 6.7. Sodium salicylate, when present, was added to both the erythrocyte suspension and the buffer solution. The effects of salicylate in the therapeutic to toxic concentration range on HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange were studied at 37°C. HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange flux was estimated using the extracellular buffer capacity and the difference betweendpH o /dt using a control RBC suspension and that using a suspension of RBC whose anion exchange pathway was markedly inhibited. The results show that salicylate competitively decreases the rate of HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange, with inhibition increasing as salicylate concentration increases.K I is ∼2.4mm. At a salicylate concentration of 10mm, HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange under the conditions of our experiments was inhibited by more than 70%. These findings are consistent with the possibility that CO2 transfer in capillary bedsin vivo may be diminished in the presence of salicylate due to slowing of red cell HCO 3 − /Cl− exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 29 (1937), S. 1377-1380 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Somatostatin (SRIF) controls many physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system but the respective roles of the five receptor isotypes (sst1–5) that mediate its effects are yet to be defined. In the present study, we attempted to identify functions of the sst2 receptor using mice with no functional copy of this gene (sst2 KO mice). In contrast with control 129Sv/C57Bl6 mice, sst2 mRNA was no longer detectable in the brain of sst2 KO mice; 125I-labeled Tyr0DTrp8-SRIF14 binding was also greatly reduced in almost all brain structures except for the hippocampal CA1 area, demonstrating that sst2 accounts for most SRIF binding in mouse brain. Invalidation of this subtype generated an increased anxiety-related behaviour in a number of behavioural paradigms, while locomotor and exploratory activity was decreased in stress-inducing situations. No major motor defects could be detected. sst2 KO mice also displayed increased release of pituitary ACTH, a main regulator of the stress response. Thus, somatostatin, via sst2 receptor isotype pathways, appears involved in the modulation of locomotor, exploratory and emotional reactivity in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 36 (1971), S. 2563-2565 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 31 (1939), S. 869-877 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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