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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Inducible NO synthase ; NOD mice ; cyclophosphamide ; T-helper cell type 1 ; T-helper cell type 2.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In pancreatic lesions of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of the cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 were studied. Strong iNOS expression as determined at the level of transcription, translation and of enzyme activity was associated with destructive insulitis as seen 8–10 days after cyclophosphamide treatment of 70- to 80-day-old female NOD mice. Immunohistochemistry showed iNOS associated with infiltrating macrophages but not in endocrine cells. The enhancement of iNOS after cyclophosphamide correlated with an increase of T-helper type 1 (Th1) associated interferon-gamma expression while T-helper type 2 (Th2) associated interleukin-4 was the dominant cytokine prior to cyclophosphamide and after diabetes onset. We conclude that insulitis in young NOD mice is carried by Th2 cells while cyclophosphamide enhanced insulitis is determined by Th1 cells. Macrophages show two different functional states in insulitis; strong iNOS expression in macrophages is associated with destructive insulitis. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1154–1158]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Inducible NO synthase ; NOD mice ; cyclophosphamide ; T-helper cell type 1 ; T-helper cell type 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In pancreatic lesions of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of the cytokines interferongamma and interleukin-4 were studied. Strong iNOS expression as determined at the level of transcription, translation and of enzyme activity was associated with destructive insulitis as seen 8–10 days after cyclophosphamide treatment of 70- to 80-day-old female NOD mice. Immunohistochemistry showed iNOS associated with infiltrating macrophages but not in endocrine cells. The enhancement of iNOS after cyclophosphamide correlated with an increase of T-helper type 1 (Th1) associated interferon-gamma expression while T-helper type 2 (Th2) associated interleukin-4 was the dominant cytokine prior to cyclophosphamide and after diabetes onset. We conclude that insulitis in young NOD mice is carried by Th2 cells while cyclophosphamide enhanced insulitis is determined by Th1 cells. Macrophages show two different functional states in insulitis; strong iNOS expression in macrophages is associated with destructive insulitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 438-439 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By constant controls of the IBC in the serum of insulin sensibilized guinea-pigs after injection of insulin we observed that after 90 min the IBC sharply falls and reaches in 3 to 4 hours almost a third of the original capacity. After dissociation of the AG-complex the IBC returns only gradually to the original capacity. It is important to keep constant, in respect of the interpretation of results, the time-interval between the injection of insulin and the determination of the insulin binding antibody.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch Verlaufskontrollen der IBK im Serum insulinsensibilisierter Meerschweinchen nach Insulin-injektion wurde festgestellt, daß es bereits nach 90 min zu einem erheblichen Abfall der Insulinbindungskapazität kommt, der nach 3–4 Std fast ein Drittel des Ausgangswertes ausmacht. Durch Dissoziation des Antigen-Antikörper-Komplexes kehrt die IBK sehr langsam zu den Ausgangswerten zurück. Auf die Wichtigkeit der Einhaltung eines konstanten Zeitintervalles zwischen Insulininjektion und Bestimmung der insulinbindenden Antikörper wird insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Aussagekraft der IBK hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 337 (1985), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 165 (1989), S. 526-532 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1568-1570 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: At BESSY a multipurpose infrared (IR) beamline is being built for biological and materials science investigations. It will provide useful IR intensities over the energy range from about 10 000 down to 50 cm−1 and lower. After commissioning the first beamline section in the spring of this year first quantitative measurements on the performance have been made in the near and mid-infrared wavelength region. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1389-1391 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on sulfur based surface passivation technique for InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors with an InP barrier enhancement layer. We show that excessive leakage current and photocurrent gain, which are the two major performance-limiting factors in MSM detectors, can be largely suppressed by a treatment of the InP surface with ammonium polysulfide. The dark current and photocurrent characteristics of such passivated devices were monitored over a period of half a year and were found to be stable. The improved performance of the device characteristics is explained in terms of a passivation-induced reduction of surface charging effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics 43 (1982), S. 227-229 
    ISSN: 0020-7381
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics 46 (1983), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 0020-7381
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 349 (1970), S. 345-356 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 35 Meerschweinchen wurden nach Immunisierung mit reinem Rinderinsulin über 24–150 Tage die glomerulären Nierenveränderungen im Blindversuch an Semidünnschnitten quantitativ untersucht (Mesangiumvolumen, glomeruläre Zellzahl, „Index of diabetic glomerular lesions“) und, neben der Proteinurie, im Serum die Höhe des Antikörpertiters gegen Insulin (Insulinbindungskapazität) und der Cholesterin-, Harnstoff-und Albuminspiegel bestimmt. Mit zunehmender Dauer der Immunisierung kommt es zu einer Vermehrung der Mesangiumzellen um 57% gegenüber der Norm, zu einer Abnahme der Deckzellen, zu einer Verbreiterung des Mesangiums auf 12,4%, so daß stellenweise noduläre Mesangiumverbreiterungen beobachtet werden. Der IDGL nimmt gegenüber der Norm ab. Antikörper gegen das heterologe Insulin sind in jeder Phase der Immunisierung nachweisbar, während bei den übrigen Serumwerten (Harnstoff, Albumin) nach anfänglichen Veränderungen aller Werte eine spätere Normalisierung eintritt. Der Serumcholesterinspiegel ist auch in den Spätstadien der Immunisierung erhöht. Es kommt somit nach Immunisierung mit heterologem Insulin zu einer Proliferation ortsständiger glomerulärer Zellen im Sinne einer proliferativen intercapillären Glomerulonephritis, die morphologisch an die noduläre diabetische Glomerulosklerose erinnert und deren Ursache in einer Schädigung und funktionellen Störung des Mesangiums zu sehen ist.
    Notes: Summary In a blind-experiment with semi-thin sections we explored quantitatively the glomerular changes (mesangial volume, number of glomerular-cells, “index of diabetic glomerular lesions”) in 35 guinea pigs after immunizing them with pure beef insulin for 24–150 days. We determined the proteinuria, the serum-levels of the antibody-titer against insulin (insulin-binding capacity) and the levels of cholesterol, urea and albumin. After prolonged immunization the mesangial cells increased 57%. We found a decrease of the epithelial cells, and an increase of the mesangial volume to 12.4%, sporadically of a nodular character. The “index of diabetic glomerular lesions” decreased. Antibodies against heterologous insulin were demonstrable in every phase of immunization. After initial changes the other serum levels (urea, albumin) returned to normal. The level of serum-cholesterol increased late in immunization. The immunization with heterologous insulin resulted in a proliferation of glomerular cells like in a proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis. These changes resembled morphologically the lesions of nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis and was caused by a functional disorder and injury of the mesangium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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