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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Platelet morphology ; Platelet aggregation test ; Physical training of athletes ; Standardised ergometry ; Thrombocytenmorphologie ; Plättchenaggregationstest ; Körperlicher Trainingszustand ; Standardisierte Ergometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über morphologische Strukturanalysen der Thrombocyten unter körperlicher Belastung bei unterschiedlichem Trainingszustand berichtet. Die Untersuchungen wurden an 3 Probandengruppen zu je 15 Personen durchgeführt. Gruppe X bestand aus 15 Personen im Alter von 20–26 Jahren mit gelegentlicher Gymnastik, Gruppe Y umfaßte 15 Probanden im Alter von 44–52 Jahren ohne wesentliches körperliches Training, und Gruppe Z enthielt 15 Leistungssportler im Alter von 22–25 Jahren. Die Thrombocytenveränderungen wurden nach dem Plättchenaggregationstest (PAT) in 5 Stufen eingeteilt: Solitärstadium (Stufe I), Akkumulationsstadium (Stufe II), Degranulationsstadium (Stufe III), Stadium der Fibrinbildung (Stufe IV), und Stadium der irreversiblen Aggregation (Stufe V). Nach dosierter Ergometerbelastung waren bei allen Probanden in Blutausstrichen eine Reduktion des Solitärstadiums und ein Anstieg der PAT-Stufen II–V zu ermitteln, mit Ausnahme der Leistungssportler. In Erholungsphasen von 5, 30 und 60 min nach der Belastung war eine deutlich verzögerte Rückkehr irreversibler Aggregate (PAT V), der Plättchenveränderungen im Stadium der Fibrinbildung (PAT IV), und des Degranulationsstadiums bei der Gruppe untrainierter älterer Probanden im Vergleich zu den Leistungssportlern nachweisbar. Die Untersuchungen könnten eine mögliche Erklärung für akute thrombotische Herztodesfälle bei Leistungssportlern sein. Sie sprechen andererseits aber für eine bessere Adaptation des thrombocytären Systems unter körperlicher Belastung bei guter organischer Leistungsfähigkeit Sporttreibender.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of thrombocytes of 45 volunteers in varying conditions of training was analysed under physical stress. The probands were divided in three groups of 15 each. Group X (aged 20–26 years) had occasional gymnastics training. Group Y (aged 44–52 years) was without any physical training, and Group Z consisted of athletes (aged 22–25 years) in good training condition. By means of the platelet aggregation test (PAT), thrombocyte changes were classified in 5 stages: solitary stage (I), accumulation stage (II), degranulation stage (III), fibrin forming stage (IV), irreversible aggregation stage (V). The probands were subjected to ergometer stress in exact dosage. With the exception of the athletes, all blood smears showed a decrease in stage I (solitary), and considerable increase in stages II–V. 5, 30, or 60 min after stress, the return of irreversible aggregates (PAT V), of platelet changes in the fibrin-forming stage (PAT IV), and in the degranulation stage (PAT III), was markedly delayed in Group Y (untrained older persons) when compared with the group of well-trained athletes. The observation may offer an explanation for some cases of acute thrombotic cardiac death among trained athletes. On the other hand, it may prove the better adaptation of the thrombocytic system during physical stress when athletes are in good physical condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 2 (1923), S. 1989-1993 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 3 (1924), S. 841-843 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Keywords: There are no keywords
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood flow can be regulated by specialized vessel segments, the arteriovenous anastomoses. Their wall consists of a relatively thick layer of smooth muscle cells and so-called epithelioid cells. The epithelioid cell is a specialized myogenic cell phenotype expressing nitric oxide synthase. We studied the innervation of the different segments of arteriovenous anastomoses in the rabbit ear using antisera against neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, as well as neuron-specific enolase, calbindin D and neurotubulin. The participation was especially examined of neuropeptidergic innervation and a possible morphological connection to the occurrence of epithelioid cells and a paracrine function. The NADPH diaphorase reaction and α-smooth muscle actin immunoelectron microscopy served to distinguish epithelioid cells from smooth muscle cells. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found the most dense innervation pattern of pan-neuronal markers (neurotubulin, neuron-specific enolase), tyrosine hydroxylase-immunor eactive nerve fibres and neuro-peptidergic nerve fibres (neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P) around the intermediate segment in arteriovenous anastomoses, whereas the venous segment was barely marked. Single nerve fibres penetrated into the medial layer and reached the epithelioid cells. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we found intercellular contacts between epithelioid cells, but not the gap junction protein connexin 43. Here, we report for the first time a correlation of the innervation pattern with epithelioid cell type in arteriovenous anastomoses. Our findings suggest that epithelioid cells of the arteriovenous anastomoses are controlled by a dense network of neuropeptidergic nerve fibres in functional connection to their paracrine role as a nitric oxide producer. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Puberty ; Lactate ; Human growth hormone ; Heart volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiopulmonary and metabolic variables were investigated at maximal and submaximal bicycle ergometer exercises in 41 swimmers of both sexes, 8–18 years old. $$\dot V$$ O2 max and $$\dot V$$ O2 max·HR−1 were higher in boys than in girls and increased with maturity, while $$\dot V$$ O2 max·kg−1 and HVE were not influenced by this. The HV increased clearly during this growth period, the pubertal and postpubertal subjects showing 16 and 17% higher values for HV and HV·kg−1 than those reported in normal schoolchildren populations. During the submaximal exercise at 70% $$\dot V$$ O2 max the highest HR values were found in the prepubertal group, whilst the lowest were observed in the postpubertal subjects. These findings suggest that a given percentage of $$\dot V$$ O2 max as a reference unit, is more reliable than a certain HR to obtain comparable results in subjects with different ages. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after the submaximal exercise. Blood glucose and FFA did not differ in relation to the stages of maturity. During exercise, insulin decreased in prepubertal children, did not alter in pubertal adolescents, and increased in postpubertal subjects. The lactate concentration, during exercise, increased in relation to maturity. The same results were found for HGH, but no differences were found with regard to sex. Since the pattern of HGH secretion during exercise is similar to that found after arginine and insulin administration it is assumed that the same mechanism (i.e., sex hormones) triggers the HGH release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Prolonged exercise ; Hormones ; Lipolysis ; Carbohydrate metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was undertaken to evaluate and to examine the role of substrate supply in 50 healthy subjects after long distance events, such as 10 km, 25 km, and marathon races. The metabolic, variables of carbohydrate metabolism were greatest in 10-km runners, with the highest increase in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, while in marathon runners only moderate changes were observed. Marathon competitors gave the greatest decrease in insulin concentration whereas glucagon and cortisol showed a contrary tendency. As for lipid concentrations, the most remarkable point was that after the marathon competition the best runners had the highest increase in free fatty acids; the longer the race, the higher were the Β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels after the competition. It is important to emphasize that the limiting factor up to 90 min duration is the competitor's ability to deplete the stores of glycogen. Beyond 90 min (or 25 km) the decrease in insulin, the rise in cortisol and the higher concentration of ketnne bodies found indicate a change in metabnlic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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