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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The problem of energetic causes of periodic paralyses was investigated by various methods in a patient suffering from frequent severe hypopotassium-aemic paralyses as well as persisting weekness of individual muscle groups and rare transient and minor potassium-rise paralyses. The following results were gained a.o.: 1. The provocation of hypopotassium-aemic paralyses by abundant carbohydrate uptake as well as by glucocorticoids may be compensated by sodium with-drawel and, even more reliably, by blocking the production of aldosterone with Metopirone and Dexamethasone. 2. Physical work leads to a rise of lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the venous blood, which was about twice as high as in normal controls. 3. Under equal physical effort but with stimulation of the glycogenolysis by glucagone and epinephrine injections, the concentrations rose to 4–5 times the value of the controls. Simultaneously, an almost complete tetraplegia developed. 4. Muscular effort after tying off the blood circulation lead to normal production of lactate, whereas the production of pyruvate fell considerably behind. During the spontaneous nightly paralysis the lactatepyruvate concentration showed a slight decline. 5. The blood-sugar rise after oral sugar loading is smaller and of shorter duration than normally. 6. The oxygen-consumption after injection of epinephrine rose during rest as well as after work disproportionately, and fell after termination of the work even below the resting metabolism. 7. Changes of the ultrastructure of the musculature showed broadened sarcoplasma cysterns with an excessive accumulation of granules in the neighbourhood, which could not be differentiated histochemically from glycogen particles. 8. The enzyme pattern of the muscle fibers was established in two different experimental set-ups in bioptically taken samples of the m. quadriceps by measuring activities of 28 enzymes of the energy producing metabolism. As different from the normal standard was found the content of the hexokinasis activity; concerning enzymes of the glycolysis it was 4–5 times, concerning enzymes of the citrate-cyclus 3 times as high as normal. 9. Such an absolutely and relatively raised hexokinasis-activity points to a strongly accelerated introduction of extracellular glucosis into the muscular metabolism and possibly explains an increasedg lycogen storage as well as an increased glucose-tolerance rendering the unfavourable effect of abundant carbohydrate feeding, parenteral glucose as well as the application of epinephrine and glucagone understandable. 10. The functional disturbances of muscle fiber membranes in periodic paralysis possibly have direct causes arising from the energy-metabolism of the muscle fibers. They take the shape of a failure of the potassium pump in hypo-potassium-aemic paralysis (prevention by either lack of sodium or aldosterone blockage), of a failure of the potassium pump in the hyper-potassium-aemic paralysis (disturbed reabsorption of potassium into the muscle fiber).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Frage nach den energetischen Ursachen periodischer Lähmungen wurde bei einem Patienten mit häufigen, schweren hypokaliämischen Lähmungen sowie darüber hinaus anhaltender Schwäche einzelner Muskelgruppen und seltenen, kurzdauernden und leichteren Kaliumanstiegslähmungen mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgegangen. Dabei ergab sich u.a.: 1. Die Provokation hypokaliämischer Lähmungen durch reichliche Kohlenhydratzufuhr sowie durch Glucocorticoide kann durch Natriumentzug und noch zuverlässiger durch Blockade der Aldosteronbildung mit Metopiron und Dexamethason ausgeglichen werden. 2. Durch Muskelarbeit stieg die Lactat- und Pyruvatkonzentration im Venenblut etwa doppelt so hoch wie bei einer gesunden Kontrollperson. 3. Erfolgte die gleiche Arbeitsleistung nach Anregung der Glykogenolyse durch Glucagon- und Adrenalininjektion, so stiegen diese Konzentrationen auf das 4–5fache der Kontrollpersonen an. Gleichzeitig entwickelte sich eine fast vollständige Tetraplegie. Im spontanen nächtlichen Lähmungsanfall sank dagegen die Lactat-Pyruvatkonzentration gering ab. 4. Bei Muskelarbeit nach Abschnürung der Blutzirkulation entsprach die Lactatproduktion dem Normalen, während die Pyruvatproduktion hinter dieser erheblich zurückblieb. 5. Der Blutzuckeranstieg ist nach oraler Zuckerbelastung geringer und kurzdauernder als normal. 6. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch stieg nach Adrenalininjektion sowohl in Ruhe wie nach Arbeit unverhältnismäßig stark an und fiel nach Beendigung der Arbeit unter den Ruheumsatz ab. 7. Veränderungen in der Ultrastruktur der Muskelfasern waren gekennzeichnet durch erweiterte sarkoplasmatische Zisternen mit excessiver Ansammlung von Granula in der Nachbarschaft, welche histochemisch nicht von Glykogenpartikeln zuunterscheiden waren. 8. Das Enzymmuster der Muskelfasern wurde aus einer bioptisch entnommenen Probe des M. quadriceps durch Messung der Aktivitäten von 28 Enzymen des energieliefernden Stoffwechsels in zwei verschiedenen Versuchsansätzen bestimmt. Als von der Norm abweichend erwies sich der Aktivitätsgehalt der Hexokinase, der in bezug auf die Enzyme der Glykolyse um den Faktor 4–5 und in bezug auf die Enzyme des Citrat-Cyclus um das 3fache erhöht war. 9. Eine derartige absolut und relativ erhöhte Hexokinaseaktivität weist auf eine gesteigerte Einschleusung von extracellulärer Glucose in den Muskel hin und erklärt möglicherweise die vermehrte Glykogenablagerung sowie die gesteigerte Glucosetoleranz. Die ungünstige Wirkung kohlenhydratreicher Kost, parenteraler Glucose-, Adrenalin- und Glucagonapplikation werden auf der Grundlage dieser Störung verständlich. 10. Die Funktionsstörungen der Muskelfasermembranen bei periodischer Lähmung, welche in der hypokaliämischen Lähmung als Versagen der Natriumpumpe (Verhütung durch Natriummangel oder Aldosteronblockade) und bei hyperkaliämischer Lähmung als Versagen der Kaliumpumpe (gestörte Reabsorption von Kalium in die Muskelfaser) imponierten, haben damit möglicherweise eine direkte Ursache im Energiestoffwechsel der Muskelfasern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We determined the function of endocrine glands as well as enzyme activities in patients with Dystrophia myotonia (Dm) and Myotonia congenita (Mc). The results obtained in both groups of patients were compared with each other. In general, decreased activities of one or several endocrine glands were found in patients with Dm. In particular, urinary excretions of corticosteroids, ketosteroids and aldosterone were decreased. Urinary gonadotropines were usually increased. Our results point to the conclusion of a labile function of the adrenal gland in patients with Mc, no significant pathological changes however became evident. 1/3 of the patients with Dm had a struma diffusa and showed decreased basic metabolic rates. In Mc on the other hand the basic metabolic rates were increased. Significant differences in the activities of serum enzymes were found between healthy people on one side and both forms of myotonia on the other. In addition, there were also significant differences between both forms of myotonia. The activities of most of the determined enzymes in muscle tissue were elevated in both forms. In addition, using electrophoretic procedures decreases inγ-globulines and increases inβ-globulines in the serum became evident. From our investigations we conclude that the observed alterations in the function of endocrine glands do not represent causative factors of myotonia. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis of a gene-determined defect in energy metabolism which affects the various organs of the body to differing degrees.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse von Funktionsprüfungen der endokrinen Drüsen und Untersuchungen der Enzymaktivitäten im Serum und erstmals auch im Muskelgewebe von Patienten mit Dystrophia myotonica (Dm) und Myotonia congenita (Mc) werden gegenübergestellt. Bei fast allen Patienten mit Dm fanden sich Minderleistungen eines oder mehrerer endokriner Organe. Die Urinausscheidung von Corticosteroiden, Ketosteroiden und Gonadotropinen war in den meisten Fällen erniedrigt. Die Meßwerte bei der Mc waren breit und ungerichtet gestreut. Ein Drittel der Patienten mit Dm zeigte eine Struma diffusa mit Jodfehlverwertung. Der Grundumsatz war bei der Dm signifikant erniedrigt, bei der Mc erhöht. Beide Abweichungen müssen extrathyreoidale Ursachen haben. Signifikante Unterschiede der Serumenzymaktivitäten finden sich zwischen beiden Myotonieformen als auch gegenüber Gesunden. Die Enzymaktivitäten im Muskelgewebe sind für fast alle gemessenen Enzyme bei beiden Myotonien gesteigert. Die Serumeiweißelektrophorese ergab bei der Dm eine Verminderung derγ-Globuline und eine Vermehrung derβ-Globuline. Die Befunde sind allein aus der Leistungsminderung der endokrinen Drüsen nicht verständlich. Die Hypothese eines genbedingten Defektes im Energiestoffwechsel, durch den mehrere Organsysteme in wechselndem Ausmaß betroffen werden, kommt einer Deutung der Befunde entgegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Report on a 46 year old woman suffering from theMcArdle type of myopathy, an inherited defect of muscle phosphorylase. The same disease in mother and daughter might bring into consideration the question of a dominant inheritance which is unusual with respect to hitherto reported cases of the literature. The first time, an effect of this disease on delivery is described: mother and daughter both demonstrated primary insufficiency of the uterine muscle. Hence, smooth muscles must be at least partly affected. In addition, clinical symptoms possibly indicate the involvement of cardiac muscle, i.e. a defect of heart muscle phosphorylase. In skeletal muscle the defect of phosphorylase was demonstrated histochemically and by direct activity determinations. The increase of glycogen in the skeletal muscles was demonstrated quantitatively as well as qualitatively by light and electron microscopy. Morphological investigations revealed degenerative alterations of single muscle fibers. The activities of 28 enzymes of the energy-supplying metabolism were measured in biopsy material of the m. quadriceps. Except for the absence of phosphorylase, no principle difference was found in comparison with the enzyme activity pattern of m. erector trunci in a healthy subject. The more detailed comparison of the enzyme activity patterns in the two muscles of the patient and the healthy subject disclosed in the enzyme patterns differences as they are known to be typical of slow and fast fibers. These differences between m. quadriceps and m. erector trunci are related to the different distribution of slow and fast fibers. This enlightens our knowledge of the functionally different effect of the lack of phosphorylase in different types and groups of muscles.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über eine 46jährige Frau mit McArdlescher Myopathie, einem erblichen Defekt der Muskelphosphorylase. Das Vorkommen der gleichen Erkrankung bei der Mutter läßt im Gegensatz zu den bisher beschriebenen 14 Fällen an eine dominante Vererbung denken. Für einen genetisch bedingten Enzymdefekt wäre ein solcher Erbgang ungewöhnlich. Erstmalig sind Auswirkungen dieser Krankheit auf die generativen Funktionen der erwachsenen Frau zu vermuten: bei Mutter und Tochter trat eine Uterusinsuffizienz während des Partus auf. Mit einem Defekt in Teilen der glatten Muskulatur muß gerechnet werden. Diskutiert wird ebenfalls die Möglichkeit einer Herzmuskelbeteiligung. Der Phosphorylasedefekt wurde histo- und biochemisch nachgewiesen. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch fand sich eine vermehrte Glykogenanreicherung in der Skeletmuskulatur, darüber hinaus Hinweise auf degenerative Veränderungen einzelner Muskelfasern. Von 28 Enzymen wurden Aktivitätsgehalte im M. quadriceps gemessen. Dabei konnten im Vergleich zu einem gesunden Rückenmuskel mit Ausnahme der Phosphorylase keine weiteren Enzymdefekte festgestellt werden. Der Vergleich der Enzymaktivitäten beider Muskeln deckte Unterschiede im Enzymmuster auf, wie sie aus Tieruntersuchungen für tetanische bzw. tonische Skeletmuskeln bekannt sind. Daraus ergibt sich ein besseres Verständnis für die unterschiedliche funktionelle Auswirkung des Phosphorylasedefektes in verschiedenen Muskelgruppen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 996-999 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Ewing ratio ; Tilt table
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of blood pressure and heart rate in active orthostasis has proven to be effective in the diagnosis of autonomic regulatory dysfunctions. The following study was carried out in order to clarify to what extent reproducible heart rate reactions also occur in passive orthostasis. 61 people with normal results in five standardized tests were examined. All 61 test persons had individually differing courses of heart rate. After an initial increase of frequency an almost straight line results from a superimposed projection of the graphs. In 20 of these cases the tilt-table test was repeated in order to detect intra-individual regularities. Even when the test was repeated, no reproducible intra-individual heart rate reactions occured. And here as well, projection of the graphs produced an almost straight line. We could not find any quotient, such as the 30/15 ratio in active orthostasis, during our tests with the tilt-table.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 119 (1975), S. 235-243 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Muscle dystrophy ; Myopathia rachitica ; Rachitis ; Rachitic rats ; Vitamin D deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Frage der “Myopathia rachitica” wurden in einer Verlaufsuntersuchung über 18 Wochen bei insgesamt 58 rachitischen Ratten der M. rectus femoris und der M. erector spinae histologisch und morphometrisch untersucht. Unter Fortführung der rachitogenen Diät entwickelte sich bei den Tieren eine diskrete dystrophische Myopathie. Morphometrisch ergab sich gegenüber gesunden Ratten eine Minderung der Muskelfaserquerschnitte um 8–24 μ in Beziehung zum Schweregrad der Rachitis. Besonders auffällig war das kaum meßbare Wachstum der roten C-Fasern. Der Zusammenhang dieser Befunde mit der Inaktivität, der Knochenverbiegung und den Stoffwechselveränderungen wird diskutiert. Die Veränderungen sind nicht durch Inaktivität allein zu interpretieren. Die Ursache der Myopathia rachitica bleibt jedoch unklar.
    Notes: Abstract The question of “myopathia rachitica” was pursued in a disease progress study using rachitic rats. The length of the study was 18 weeks. During this time a discrete dystrophic myopathy formed. The morphometric examination showed muscle fibre diameters 8–24 μ less than those of healthy control rats in correlation with the degree of rachitis. The absence of fiber growth in the C fibres was conspicuous. The question of the relation of these findings to the inactivity, osteomalacia and changes in metabolism in rachitis was discussed. The myopathic changes can not be solely interpreted as a result of inactivity, but the cause of myopathia rachitica remains unclear.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracerebral haemorrhage ; intracranial pressure ; metanephrine ; normetanephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is a common complication of severe intracranial disease. The aim of this study was to reveal the autonomic changes in patients suffering from acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). 25 patients with spontaneous ICH within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were included. All patients were treated with standardised medical management and the meta- and normetanephrines were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 24-hour urine every day. The mean level of normetanephrine (709±579 μg/day) and metanephrine (244±161 mg/day) were significantly elevated in comparison with a control group, p⩽0,01. The norepinephrine elevation was of greater diagnostic and prognostic importance. Maximum urinary catecholamine metabolite levels occurred between day 3 to 10 after the bleeding. Normetanephrines correlated with the prognosis and the complications of ICH: intraventricular involvement resulted in significantly elevated normetanephrine levels (896±520 μg/day versus 311±78 μg/day) p⩽0,01. Patients with a great volume of haematoma developed severe autonomic dysregulation (normetanephrines 1114±493 μg/day), whereas patients with smaller haematoma did not (339±125 μg/day) p⩽0,0001; patients with bad outcome (1014±620 mg/day) had higher levels of normetanephrines than those with a good prognosis (322±110 μg/day) p⩽0,001. A close relationship to elevated intracranial pressure was established. This study demonstrated the feasibility of detecting autonomic nervous system dysfunction in neurological intensive care patients by means of examination of the metabolites of the catecholamines in the urine. The pattern of elevation in ICH and the relation to the clinical situation is presented. Norepinephrine offers the chance of simple and feasible monitoring of autonomic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Glioblastoma multiforme ; malignant glioma ; astrocytoma III–IV ; extracranial metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors describe two rare cases of extraneural metastases of glioblastoma multiforme and of astrocytoma III–IV, but with different distribution routes. In the first case—astrocytoma III–IV—via the lymphatic system, with metastases in the cervical lymph nodes; in the second case—glioblastoma—via the blood system, with metastases in the sternum and vertebrae. Survival times were 18 months in the astrocytoma case (operation plus irradiation), and 6 months in the glioblastoma case (operation, irradiation, and chemotherapy). The discussion deals with the possible paths of the metastases, the connection between metastatic spread and survival time (in the longer surviving patient the metastases were discovered together with the recurrence), and problems in deciding the individual therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 65 (1982), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The combination of chemotherapy and irradiation for the treatment of malignant intracerebral tumours is increasing, and survival times longer than those after monotherapy are reported. The suitability of simultaneous radio-chemotherapy using BCNU-Bleomycin, a regimen in which has been followed 38 patients of this hospital (up to 31 December 1981) is critically discussed. Statistics of 30 patients with treatment ended by 31 December 1980 and case histories of two patients with fatal complications, aspergillosis in the one and necrotizing colitis in the other, are presented. The value of the various agents used for chemotherapy is discussed with respect to the survival rates and observed side effects in all the patients. The use of Bleomycin is questioned.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 109 (1991), S. 158-159 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Transsphenoidal operation ; pituitary adenoma ; complication meningitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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