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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 209-227 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering) ; Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectrometers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo rapporto è descritto un sistema di diagnostiche non intrusive che permette la misura simultanea di concentrazione e temperatura di piccole molecole in un intorno ostile quale quello presente in reattori fotochimici. Il sistema è costituito da un laser a Nd:YaG duplicato in frequenza ed usato in parte per eccitare un laser a colorante a banda larga. Viene impiegata una geometria collineare dei fasci ed il segnale CARS è rivelato con unarray di fotodiodi dopo la separazione dalle radiazioni dei due laser incidenti effettuata mediante vari filtri, un prisma a 60° ed un monocromatore. Sono state effettuate misure di calibrazione relative alla concentrazione di piccole molecole (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) coinvolte nella sintesi di polveri ceramiche (Si3N4, SiC) indotta da radiazione laser IR. In esperimenti eseguiti in cella è stato attentamente esaminato l’effetto del fondo non risonante (dovuto al gas di trasporto) sulle misure di concentrazione. Calcoli di profilo di banda eseguiti su idrocarburi (C2H6, C2H2) hanno mostrato il forte effetto della temperatura sugli spettri CARS.
    Abstract: Резюме Описывается неразрушающая диагностическая система, которая позволяет одновременно измерять плотность и температуру малых молекул в окружающей среде, такой как фото-химический реактор, где происходят процессы, индуцированные лазером. Эта система образуется с помощью двух-частотного Nd:YAG лазера, который частично используется для возбуждения широкозонного лазера на красителе. Эта система использует коллинеарное расположение пучков, сигналы детектируются с помощью фотодиодной линейки после надлежащей фильтрации и разделений длин волн с помощью 60° призмы и монохромтора. Проведены калибровочные измерения на малых молекулах (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6), участвующих в фотосинтезе керамическиш порошков (Si3N4 и SiC), индуцированном инфракрасным лазером. При проведении экспериментов внимательно исследуется влияние нерезонансного фона при измерении плотности, обусловленного газами-носителями, используемыми в реакторах. Отмечается сильная температурная зависимость огибающей колебательно-вращательной рамановской активной зоны, обнаруженной при довольно низком разрешении, при вычислениях эон, выполненных на углеводородаш (C2H6 и C2H2).
    Notes: Summary A nonintrusive diagnostic system is described which permits simultaneous measurement of number density and temperature of small molecules in hostile environments such as photo-chemical reactors where laser induced processes occur. This system is formed by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser which is partially used to excite a broad-band dye laser. The system utilizes a collinear beam arrangement, the signals are detected with an intensified photodiode array after proper filtering and wavelength separation through a 60° prism and a monochromator. Calibration measurements have been performed on small molecules (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) involved in the IR laser-induced photosynthesis of ceramic powders (Si3N4 and SiC). The effect of nonresonant background in number density measurements due to carrier gases used in flow reactors has been carefully investigated in cell experiments. The strong temperature dependence of the envelope of the vibrorotational Raman active band detected under rather low resolution is demonstrated in band contour calculations performed on hydrocarbons (C2H2 and C2H2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Plasma production and heating by laser beams ; X-ray and ψ-ray measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present a detailed study of XUV and soft X-ray emission from Cu plasma produced by an excimer laser at intensitiesI L≦8·1011 W/cm2. The XeCl excimer laser (ψ≈308 nm) delivers pulses with energyE L≈2.3 J, temporal durationt L≈100 ns and brightnessB≧1014 W/cm2 sr. We recorded a spectral conversion efficiency η=0.5% eV−1 forI L=4·1011W/cm2 in the aluminium window at 73eV with a harder X-ray tail around ≈400eV. We also measured the dependence of X-ray signal on laser intensity and viewing angle. Experimental results have been compared with some analytical laser-plasma interaction models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction characteristics and the performances of an x-ray diode working at 200 Hz are described. The temporal behavior of both the plasma cathode emission and the diode discharge has been studied, including the measurements of vacuum effects on the repetition rate and lifetime capability, preionization versus electrical features, and ionization density versus dosage. This simple and low-cost x-ray diode has been used to uniformly preionize a half-liter XeCl laser, delivering an output laser energy of 800 mJ/shot at a 100 Hz repetition rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3983-3987 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed and tested a 1-m-long x-ray diode based on innovative plasma cathodes, which exploit commercial spark plugs as electron emitters. Based on the results of a numerical study, we optimized both diode geometry (e.g., the angle between anode and cathode surfaces, the thickness of the Al window) and electrical circuitry (e.g., the capacitance in series to each spark plug, the peak voltage of the anode) of our x-ray generator. The overall result is a simple and efficient circuitry, giving a total diode current in excess of 2.1 kA with a breakdown voltage of 70 kV, which generates a 50 ns rise-time x-ray pulse with a spatially averaged dosage of up to 6×10−4 Gy when using a Pb-wrapped anode. The double-diode x-ray generator was operated for 1.5×106 shots at a repetition rate of up to 30 Hz, and the lifetime test was interrupted without any fault. During the lifetime test, it was not necessary to adjust any working parameter. At the end of the lifetime test, the x-ray emission uniformity was better than 80% along the longitudinal axis. This x-ray generator has a lifetime, reliability, and cost fitting the requirements of industrial users. Among the broad range of potential applications, this x-ray generator is particularly suitable to ionize discharge pumped gas lasers, like TEA CO2 and excimer lasers, including those operated by x-ray triggered discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 401-406 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 52.80.Vp; 52.75.Pv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 6 shots, the X-ray dose, uniformity, and ionisation rate values guarantee an effective preionisation of excimer laser discharges. Owing to both the long lifetime and the substantial absence of maintenance, this X-ray diode seems suitable to preionise commercial gas lasers, such as excimer and TEA CO2 lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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