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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 209-227 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering) ; Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectrometers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo rapporto è descritto un sistema di diagnostiche non intrusive che permette la misura simultanea di concentrazione e temperatura di piccole molecole in un intorno ostile quale quello presente in reattori fotochimici. Il sistema è costituito da un laser a Nd:YaG duplicato in frequenza ed usato in parte per eccitare un laser a colorante a banda larga. Viene impiegata una geometria collineare dei fasci ed il segnale CARS è rivelato con unarray di fotodiodi dopo la separazione dalle radiazioni dei due laser incidenti effettuata mediante vari filtri, un prisma a 60° ed un monocromatore. Sono state effettuate misure di calibrazione relative alla concentrazione di piccole molecole (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) coinvolte nella sintesi di polveri ceramiche (Si3N4, SiC) indotta da radiazione laser IR. In esperimenti eseguiti in cella è stato attentamente esaminato l’effetto del fondo non risonante (dovuto al gas di trasporto) sulle misure di concentrazione. Calcoli di profilo di banda eseguiti su idrocarburi (C2H6, C2H2) hanno mostrato il forte effetto della temperatura sugli spettri CARS.
    Abstract: Резюме Описывается неразрушающая диагностическая система, которая позволяет одновременно измерять плотность и температуру малых молекул в окружающей среде, такой как фото-химический реактор, где происходят процессы, индуцированные лазером. Эта система образуется с помощью двух-частотного Nd:YAG лазера, который частично используется для возбуждения широкозонного лазера на красителе. Эта система использует коллинеарное расположение пучков, сигналы детектируются с помощью фотодиодной линейки после надлежащей фильтрации и разделений длин волн с помощью 60° призмы и монохромтора. Проведены калибровочные измерения на малых молекулах (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6), участвующих в фотосинтезе керамическиш порошков (Si3N4 и SiC), индуцированном инфракрасным лазером. При проведении экспериментов внимательно исследуется влияние нерезонансного фона при измерении плотности, обусловленного газами-носителями, используемыми в реакторах. Отмечается сильная температурная зависимость огибающей колебательно-вращательной рамановской активной зоны, обнаруженной при довольно низком разрешении, при вычислениях эон, выполненных на углеводородаш (C2H6 и C2H2).
    Notes: Summary A nonintrusive diagnostic system is described which permits simultaneous measurement of number density and temperature of small molecules in hostile environments such as photo-chemical reactors where laser induced processes occur. This system is formed by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser which is partially used to excite a broad-band dye laser. The system utilizes a collinear beam arrangement, the signals are detected with an intensified photodiode array after proper filtering and wavelength separation through a 60° prism and a monochromator. Calibration measurements have been performed on small molecules (SiH4, NH3, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) involved in the IR laser-induced photosynthesis of ceramic powders (Si3N4 and SiC). The effect of nonresonant background in number density measurements due to carrier gases used in flow reactors has been carefully investigated in cell experiments. The strong temperature dependence of the envelope of the vibrorotational Raman active band detected under rather low resolution is demonstrated in band contour calculations performed on hydrocarbons (C2H2 and C2H2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 1133-1140 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Stimulated Raman scattering and spectra ; CARS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A broad-band CARS set-up has been employed to investigate on-line benzene fragmentation due to multiple-photon processes induced by different laser radiation in IR (CO2-laser), in the visible (II harmonic Nd:YAG laser) and in the UV (N2 laser). Collisional induced formation of C2 has been demonstrated also in the absence of optical breakdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 170 (1990), S. 206-210 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3824-3832 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transport of ground-state hydrogen atoms in the expansion of a thermal hydrogen plasma created by a cascaded arc is studied by means of two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence. The low-dissociation degree measured at the source exit implies that H atoms flow in a H2 environment. It is shown that the H atom expansion pattern is in disagreement with the neutral gas supersonic expansion theory. Indeed the transport of H atoms in the plasma jet is strongly influenced by surface-recombination processes. Because of the large density gradients between the core of the jet and its surroundings induced by the recombination of H atoms at the reactor walls, hydrogen atoms diffuse out of the plasma jet in the course of the expansion. When the surface loss probability is high, i.e., the combination of a large wall-recombination probability with a long residence time, the losses of radicals by diffusion cannot be avoided even when the mass of the carrier gas is close to the mass of the radical. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An expanding thermal arc plasma in argon–hydrogen is investigated by means of emission spectroscopy. The hydrogen can be added to the argon flow before it enters the thermal arc plasma source, or it can be flushed directly into the vacuum expansion vessel (1–20 vol % H2). The atomic state distribution function for hydrogen, measured at a downstream distance of 20 mm, turns out to be very different in the two cases. For injection in the arc, three-particle recombination is a primary source of hydrogen excitation, whereas measurements with hydrogen injected into the vessel clearly point to a molecular channel (dissociative recombination of formed ArH+) populating atomic hydrogen levels. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3228-3233 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new calibration method to obtain the electron density from Thomson scattering on an inductively coupled plasma is discussed. Raman scattering of nitrogen is used for recovering the Rayleigh scattering signal. This has the advantage that no corrections are necessary for stray light, like with other calibration methods, using the direct measured Rayleigh scattering signal on a well-known gas. It is shown that electron densities and electron temperatures can be measured with an accuracy of about 15% in density and of about 150 K in temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of ammonia from atomic hydrogen and nitrogen has been demonstrated by means of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The atomic species are produced in a thermal plasma source in which plasma is created from mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen. It is shown that for large atomic flux conditions, 2% of the hydrogen and nitrogen can be converted to ammonia. The process in which the ammonia molecules are formed from atomic radicals at the fully covered surface is called plasma-activated catalysis. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 160 (1992), S. 427-433 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 156 (1991), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 171 (1993), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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