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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 871-872 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In a series of previous papers, one of us (C. N.) showed that platinum-carbon catalysts gave an electron spin resonance spectrum1*2 and increased paramagnetic susceptibility3. The intensity of the electron spin resonance spectrum was shown to decay in parallel with the catalytic activity of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wahrnehmungsschwellenwerte und Geruchsqualitäten von 281 Verbindungen, wie Alkohole, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carbonsäuren und Ester, die überwiegend homologen Reihen angehören, wurden in Wasser ermittelt, 212 davon zum ersten Mal. Die Abhängigkeit des Schwellenwertes von Strukturparametern wie Art, Anzahl und Position funktioneller Gruppen, Länge der Alkylketten sowie Anzahl und Position von Verzweigungsstellen, wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Odour detection thresholds and odour qualities for 281 compounds, namely alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters (which belong predominantly to homologous series) were evaluated in water, 212 of them for the first time. Correlations between the threshold value and structural parameters with respect to the type, number and position of functional groups, length of alkyl chains and number and position of branching points are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 195 (1992), S. 527-535 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 132 gesättigten und ungesättigten Aldehyden wurden systematische Untersuchungen über die Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Geruchsqualität durchgeführt. Generell ergab sich, daß die Geruchsnote mit zunehmender C-Zahl sich von grün, biskuitartig oder bittermandelartig zu seifig, fruchtig oder metallisch entwickelte. Für Verbindungen mit etherischem Geruch wurde gezeigt, daß mindestens ein Teil des Moleküls eine sphärische Form besitzen muß. Ein anderer Teil des Moleküls kann eine gestreckte Alkylkette sein. Fettiger Geruch trat bevorzugt bei Aldehyden mit mindestens 7 C-Atomen auf, ferner unabhängig von der Kettenlänge bei allen 3(E)-Alkenalen, denen weitere funktionelle Gruppen fehlten. Seifiger Geruch trat bei langkettigen Verbindungen zwischen 8 und 14 C-Atomen auf. Metallischer Geruch trat ebenfalls bei—meist langkettigen und unverzweigten—Verbindungen auf. Doppelbindungen waren entweder mit der funktioneilen Gruppe konjugiert oder befanden sich in einer weit von der funktioneilen Gruppe entfernten Position. Beiα, β-ungesättigten Aldehyden mitE- bzw.Z-Geometrie trat metallischer Geruch ab 9 bzw. 12 C-Atomen in der Kette auf. Biskuitartiger Geruch trat bei ungesättigten Aldehyden mit maximal 9 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer Doppelbindung in Position 4 oder 5 auf. Die Doppelbindung konnte auch Bestandteil eines aromatischen Ringes sein. Ihre Geometrie war nicht entscheidend, auch der biskuitartige Geruch vonZ-A1kenalen höher bewertet wurde. Es wird ein bipolarer Kontakt mit dem Rezeptor angenommen. Apfelartiggrüner Geruch trat bei gesättigten Aldehyden und 2(E)-, 2(Z)-oder 3(Z)-Alkenalen mit maximal 7 Kohlenstoffatomen auf. Bei ungesättigten Aldehyden mit mehr als 6 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Kette änderte sich der Geruch je nach Lage und Geometrie der Doppelbindung: Wenn weder die Voraussetzungen für biskuitartigen Geruch, noch für LHF gegeben waren, dann traten bei Z-Alkenalen gurkenartig-grüne und beiE-Alkenalen fruchtige Geruchsnoten in den Vordergrund. Linolenic hardening flavour (LHF) war mit außerordentlich niedrigen Schwellenwerten verbunden und trat bei allen untersuchten 6(E)-Alkenalen und 6-Heptenal auf. Fruchtiger und blumiger Geruch wurde bei einer Reihe von Verbindungen beobachtet. Vorwiegend fruchtig waren gesättigte Aldehyde mit endständigen Cycloalkylgruppen. Blumige Qualitäten traten nur bei Alkanalen mit endständigen cyclischen Resten undZ-Alkenalen mit mehr als acht C-Atomen auf. Bittermandelartiger Geruch trat bei Benzaldehyd und Derivaten mit ringständigen Alkylgruppen, anderenα, β-ungesättigten Aldehyden und einigen gesättigten Aldehyden auf. Nußartiger Geruch trat nur bei 2(Z)-Alkenalen mit 7–10 Kohlenstoffatomen und, weniger ausgeprägt, bei 2(E)-Nonenal auf.
    Notes: Summary One hundred and thirty-two saturated and unsaturated aldehydes were investigated for relations between structure and odour quality. In general, the odour developed with increasing carbon number from green, biscuit-like or bitter-almond-like to soapy, fruity or metallic. For compounds with an ether-like odour a spherical shape of at least one part of the molecule is essential; the other part can be linear. Fatty odour was exhibited mainly by aldehydes with at least 7 carbon atoms, and also, independent of chain length, by 3(E)-alkenals without additional functional groups. Soapy odour was typical for aldehydes with 8–14 carbon atoms. Compounds with long chains also exhibited metallic odour. Double bonds were either conjugated with the carbonyl group or at a distance from the functional group.α, β-unsaturated aldehydes withE orZ geometry exhibited a metallic odour in compounds with 9 or 12 carbon atoms, respectively. Biscuit like odour was found in unsaturated aldehydes with up to 9 carbon atoms and one double bond in position 4 or 5, which could also be part of an aromatic ring. The geometry was not important, although the biscuit note ofZ alkenals was judged to be somewhat stronger. A green, apple-like odour was characteristic for alkanals and 2(E)-, 2(Z)- and 3(Z)-alkenals with up to 7 carbon atoms. The odour of unsaturated aldehydes with more than 6 carbon atoms dependend on the position and geometry of the double bond: if the requirements for linolenic hardening flavour and for biscuit-like flavour were not met,Z-alkenals exhibited green, cucumber-like odours andE-alkenals fruity odours, respectively. Linolenic hardening flavour (LHF) was found 6(E)-alkenals and 6-heptenal and always correlated with extremely low thresholds. Fruity and floral qualities were exhibited by different compounds. Fruity notes were typical for several saturated and unsaturated aldehydes with terminal cycloalkyl groups. Floral notes were found only in alkanals with terminal cyclic groups andZ-alkenals with more than 8 carbon atoms. Bitter almond-like odour was exhibited by benzaldehyde, its alkyl derivatives, otherα/β-unsaturated aldehydes and some saturated compounds. Nutty odour was exhibited only by 2(Z)-alkenals with 7 to 10 carbon atoms and to a lesser extent, by 2(E)-nonenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Embolism, pulmonary—Fragmentation, mechanical—Thrombolysis—Interventional procedures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To report the results of thrombus fragmentation in combination with local fibrinolysis using recombinant human-tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in patients with massive pulmonary embolism. Methods: Five patients with massive pulmonary embolism were treated with thrombus fragmentation followed by intrapulmonary injection of rtPA. Clot fragmentation was performed with a guidewire, angiographic catheter, and balloon catheter. Three patients had undergone recent surgery; one of them received a reduced dosage of rtPA. Results: All patients survived and showed clinical improvement with a resultant significant (p 〈 0.05) decrease in the pulmonary blood pressure (mean systolic pulmonary blood pressure before treatment, 49 mmHg; 4 hr after treatment, 28 mmHg). Angiographic follow-up in three patients revealed a decrease in thrombus material and an increase in pulmonary perfusion. Two patients developed retroperitoneal hematomas requiring transfusion. Conclusion: Clot fragmentation and local fibrinolysis with rtPA was an effective therapy for massive pulmonary embolism. Bleeding at the puncture site was a frequent complication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 4 (1996), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: head and neck neoplasms ; magnetic resonance (MR) diagnosis ; magnetic resonance (MR) contrast enhancement ; rapid imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time dependency of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of head and neck malignancies during contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Then we would compare the CNR of dynamic snapshot gradient-echo (SGE) images with conventional spin-echo (SE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences. Fifteen patients with squamous cell carcinomas were examined with T1W-SE, T2W-FSE, contrast-enhanced Gd-TlW-SE, and T1W-SGE sequences, the latter statically and contrast-enhanced dynamically. The CNR for all sequences and adjacent tissues was computed and the time to reach maximal CNR (Tmax) was determined for dynamic studies. The CNR was time dependent with two distinct Tmax at 6–18 and 60–160 s which corresponded to two different tumor enhancement patterns. Neither enhancement pattern correlated with distinct histologic findings or tumor grading. The CNR improved for the Gd-TlW-SGE images. The improvement was statistically significant in relation to T1W-SE and Gd-TlW-SE images at the floor of the mouth and at the tongue base. The good CNR of the dynamic Gd-TlW-SGE measurements justifies further investigations of this method in order to improve tumor delineation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 698 (1966), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatische und aromatische Chlorameisensäureester (1) bilden mit Triphenylphosphin (2) in katalytischen Mengen die entsprechenden Chloride 4, mit Triphenylphosphin (2) in äquivalenten Mengen Phosphoniumchloride 5. Chlorameisensäurecinnamyl- und -3.3-diphenyl-allylester bilden ausschließlich Phosphoniumchloride.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 60 (1921), S. 272-272 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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