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  • 1
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Manuelle Medizin 36 (1998), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 1433-0466
    Keywords: Key words Epidemiology • Rheumatic disease epidemiology • Back pain • Prevalence • Population studies ; Schlüsselwörter Epidemiologie • Rheumaepidemiologie • Rückenschmerzen • Prävalenz • Bevölkerungsstudien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten haben Rückenschmerzen in den Industrienationen dramatische Ausmaße angenommen. Rückenleiden führen inzwischen alle Statistiken zur Kostenverursachung, sowohl wegen direkter als auch indirekter Krankheitskosten, an. Exakte Kenntnisse über das wahre Ausmaß des Problems sind zur Planung im Gesundheitswesen daher unumgänglich. Eine Übersicht über bevölkerungsepidemiologische Studien zeigt, daß derzeit 40 % über derzeitige Rückenschmerzen berichten. Zwischen 7 und 18 % sind dabei „häufig“, „oft“, „täglich“ oder „ständig“ betroffen. Während des letzten Jahres sind 75 % der Erwachsenen von Rückenschmerzen betroffen, und 80–90 % der Erwachsenen in Industrienationen erfahren im Laufe ihres Lebens Rückenschmerzen. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede gibt es nur bei schweren, chronischen Formen, die häufiger Frauen betreffen. Rückenschmerzen haben ihr Prävalenzmaximum bei 50 bis 64 Jahren, ältere Personen zeigen wieder niedrigere Prävalenzen. Das Prävalenzmaximum liegt dabei bei Männern eine Dekade früher als bei Frauen. Für dieses Prävalenzmuster gibt es mehrere Erklärungsmodelle, die im Artikel ausführlich diskutiert werden. Rückenschmerzen können anhand ihrer Topographie, zeitlichen Charakteristika, der Schmerzintensität und ihrer Vorgeschichte klassifiziert werden. Derzeit gibt es für keine dieser Dimensionen allgemein akzeptierte und angewandte, validierte Definitionen. Rückenschmerzen sind eines der teuersten Symptome, und das in den meisten Industrienationen. Dabei werden bei direkten und indirekten Krankheitskosten 75–90 % der Kosten von denjenigen 5–10 % Patienten verursacht, die eine Fähigkeitsstörung aufweisen. An Prädiktoren für Rückenschmerzen imponieren insbesondere eine Vorgeschichte an Rückenschmerzen und eine geringe Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz weit vor mechanischen Faktoren, für die sich trotz extensiver Bemühungen bisher nur spärliche Belege finden konnten. Für eine erstmalige Episode an Rückenschmerzen ist die Prognose günstig. Persistieren die Schmerzen bereits für mehr als 3 Monate, so ist die Prognose als ungünstig zu bezeichnen. Nach sechsmonatiger Arbeitsunfähigkeit wegen Rückenschmerzen üben mehr als die Hälfte der Betroffenen keinen Beruf mehr aus. Rückenschmerzen treten selten isoliert auf. In über 80 % sind sie mit Gelenkschmerzen vergesellschaftet. Es ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Rückenschmerzen als Krankheitsentität betrachtet werden können oder Teil eines umfassenderen Schmerzsyndroms darstellen.
    Notes: Summary In the last decades back pain has reached dramatic proportions in industrialized countries. Disorders of the back are nowadays the leading cause of direct and indirect health care costs. Accurate prevalence estimates are needed to serve as a basis for health care evaluations. A review of epidemiologic studies in the general population reveals that back pain has reached a prevalence of 40 % for current pain. 7 to 18 % are “frequently”, “often”, “daily” or “constantly” affected. 75 % of the adult population suffers from back pain during the last year. 80 to 90 % of the adult population in industrialized countries experience back pain ever. Gender specific differences are only present in severe, chronic forms which are more often experienced by women. Back pain has a prevalence maximum at 50 to 64 years. Older persons display lower prevalence estimates. The prevalence maximum in men is one decade earlier than in women. There are several potential explanations for this prevalence pattern that are discussed in the article. Back pain can be classified by location, temporal characteristics, pain intensity and pain history. Currently, for none of these dimensions generally accepted, uniformly employed and validated definitions are available. In most of the industrialized countries back pain is one of the most expensive symptoms. 75–90 % of the direct and indirect health care costs were caused by those 5–10 % of patients who are disabled. As predictors of back pain a history of back pain and job satisfaction play by far a more important role than the extensively studied mechanical factors. For a first episode of back pain the prognosis is favorable. If the pain persist for more than three months the prognosis is unfavorable. After six months of absenteeism because of back pain more than half of the afflicted never return to work. Rarely back pain is present as a single symptom. In more than 80 % back pain is associated with pain in at least one joint. It remains to be studied if back pain may be viewed as an entity or as part of a more complex pain syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Early rheumatoid arthritis ; IgA-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex ; Radiological deterioration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We followed the levels of serum IgA-alpha-1-antitrypsin (IgA-AT) complex in 37 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the first 3 years of the disease. The changes in IgA-AT were correlated with a radiological damage score (DS) of the hands assessed according to Larsen. At the onset of the disease, the IgA-AT serum concentration was significantly higher as compared to the control group (0.72±0.22 U vs 0.29±0.14 U, P〈0.01). The level significantly decreased during the 3-year observation period. The DS was significantly higher after 3 years. However, this difference was due to changes in only 11 patients; in 26 patients the DS was almost unchanged. In the group of 11 patients with radiological progression, the level of IgA-AT either remained high or increased significantly (0.95±0.18 U at the onset, 0.97±0.25 U after 3 years), whereas we observed a decrease in IgA-AT in 26 patients without radiological progression (0.63±0.16 U at the onset of the disease, 0.45±0.10 U after 3 years, P〈0.01). Moreover, a relationship between changes in IgA-AT serum level and radiological progression was shown (r=0.60, P〈0.01). Our studies suggested that the relationship between IgA-AT level and radiological progression of the disease should be considered. We cannot exclude the possibility that the constant high level of IgA-AT may cause worsening in bone erosions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ; IgA-alpha-1-antitrypsin Complex ; Acute Phase Proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We followed the levels of serum IgA-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex (IgA-AT), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acidglycoprotein (AGP), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) in twenty-seven early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during the first three years of the disease duration. Fifteen patients were treated with methotrexate (MTX), twelve patients with NSAIDs only. The IgA-AT serum concentrations were significantly higher in RA patients as compared to the control group (0.72±0.39 U, vs. 0.27±0.15 U, p〈0.01). It decreased in almost all individuals (23 cases) during the observation. This decrease occurred in both MTX treated and untreated patients; however, it was statistically significant (p〈0.01) only in MTX treated patients. On average, the levels of ESR, CRP, AGP, and ACT were higher at the beginning of the disease as compared to healthy controls. After three years duration of the disease, a significant decrease in serum levels of all these markers of acute phase response was observed. At the onset of the disease, AGP and ACT reactivity coefficients were normal; after three years they dropped. We demonstrated an association between IgA-AT level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. No relationships were shown between IgA-AT levels and APP serum concentrations and APP glycosylation patterns in RA patients treated with MTX. Since decrease in IgA-AT level does not correlate with decrease in APP, we can suppose that observed changes in IgA-AT concentration depend rather on direct action of MTX on the complex, than the changes in disease course. Besides gold salts, D-penicillamine, and sulphasalazine, methotrexate may also destroy covalent linkage between IgA and antitrypsin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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