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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurovirulence and latency in inbred mice of two HSV-1 intrastrain variants of divergent pathogenicity (1986)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 174 (1986), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenicity pattern of the HSV-1 strain ANG which is nonencephalitogenic in mice is compared with that of a selected neurovirulent variant of this strain in DBA-2 mice. After i.p. inoculation both variants replicate to high titers in the mouse peritoneum and build up a virus reservoir in the spleen. Both viruses have no effect on visceral mouse organs other than the spleen; both viruses lead to an inefficient and masked viraemia and both replicate efficiently in CNS tissue after direct intracranial injection. Only the pathogenic variant, however, spreads to the CNS and leads to lethal encephalitis upon intraperitoneal infection. The assumption that infection of the CNS would be mediated by hematogenous transport is not supported by the data obtained from transfer and cocultivation experiments with lymphocytes or experiments involving artificial viraemia. In a model to analyse the capacity of the viruses to invade nerve axons and to induce a latent infection both viruses were found to be latency positive in dorsal root ganglia. It is clear that non-neurovirulent HSV-1 strains are subjected to a postganglionic block of virus spread from the periphery to the CNS. The experiments led to the hypothesis that axonal transport even beyond the dorsal root ganglia to the CNS proceeds unrestricted, whereas lethal CNS invasion is prevented by a restriction of viral replication of HSV-1 ANG in the CNS by a virus-induced host defence mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123684
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies to hepatitis B virus x-protein in sera of patients with acute and chronic acitve hepatitis (1989)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 178 (1989), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sera of patients with acute (AH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) x-protein (HBx) by immunoblotting, using recombinant MS2- and βgal-HBx fusion proteins as substrate. Antibodies against HBx were detected in 5 out of 17 patients with AH at an early stage of infection, and in 13 out of 35 patients with CAH. Positive sera from AH patients showed a relatively weak anti-HBx reactivity when compared to sera from CAH patients. In follow up studies we tested serial serum samples from patients positive for anti-HBx. Patients with AH were observed for 3 to 6 weeks and CAH patients for up to 51 months. In general anti-HBx reactivities appeared to be stable although significant differences in apparent antibody levels were noted when sera from individual patients were compared. Our data further support an early expression of HBx-antigen in HBV-infected individuals. There was no correlation between HBe-antigen and anti-HBx in CAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202552
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequent detection of antibodies to hepatitis B virus x-protein in acute, chronic and resolved infections (1988)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1988), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recombinant MS2-or βgal fusion proteins containing parts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx-, HBc-, and HBs-amino acid sequences were expressed in Escherichia coli and were used to screen 96 and 60 serum samples of HBV infected and uninfected patients, respectively, for the corresponding antibodies by immunoblotting. Antibodies against HBx were detected in 20 out of 65 sera of patients with previous resolved HBV-infection, in 3 out of 7 patients with persistent infection, and in 9 out of 24 sera of patients with acute HBV infection. The specificity of the immune reaction was confirmed by competition experiments with MS2-and β gal-HBx fusion proteins, and by the lack of HBx antibodies in the sera of uninfected patients. Hbs and HBc antibodies were detected less frequently by immunoblotting with recombinant fusion proteins than by a commercial immunoassay. Our results indicate that HBx antibodies are induced early and frequently during HBV infection suggesting that the HBx protein is an early antigenic protein expressed in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211219
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cost associated with intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous administration of erythropoietin (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956759
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin in children treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 850-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: CAPD ; Children Erythropoietin ; Pharmacokinetics Intraperitoneal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In children treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) renal anaemia is preferably treated by intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin, since subcutaneous administration is painful and frightening for the child. Pharmacokinetics of erythropoietin were studied in three groups of children treated by CAPD. In group subcutaneous (SC) (n=5) erythropoietin was administered subcutaneously, whereas in group intraperitoneal 1 (IP1) (n=8) and intraperitoneal 2 (IP2) (n=8) erythropoietin was given intraperitoneally during a 12-h dwell. Group IP1 received erythropoietin in 20 ml/kg of dialysis fluid, while in group IP2 the hormone was added to only 50 ml of dialysate, irrespective of body weight. The median area under the curve (AUC) was 4064 mU·h/ml (range 2647–24357) in group SC, 1698 (570–5514) in group IP1 and 3577 (1225–6555) in group IP2. In comparison to group SC the AUC was significantly lower in group IP1 (Wilcoxon;P=0.02). The difference between group SC and group IP2 was not statistically significant. In children on CAPD the resorption of erythropoietin after intraperitoneal administration, measured as AUC, is similar to subcutaneous administration, when erythropoietin is administered in 50 ml of dialysate. The dose needed to treat renal anaemia with erythropoietin administered intraperitoneally this way will have to be established in a therapeutic study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972896
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of potassium in drinks by pre-treatment with calcium polystyrene sulphonate (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 263-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Potassium restriction ; Calcium polystyrene sulphonate ; Chronic renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dietary potassium intake in patients with chronic renal failure is generally reduced by oral administration of potassium-binding resins. These drugs may cause disturbances of bowel function and have an unpleasant taste. Pre-treatment of drinks with these resins and their subsequent removal may prevent these inconveniences. In four formulas (whole milk, humanised infant formula, apple juice, and orange juice) we were able to lower the potassium content by 50% with calcium polystyrene sulphonate. No important increase of sodium content was observed, as was reported with the use of sodium polystyrene sulphonate. There was a, potentially beneficial, increase of the calcium concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956159
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infectious and surgical complications of childhood continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; Surgical complications ; Peritonitis ; Hernias ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 10-year retrospective study was performed with respect to the incidence of infectious and surgical complications in a young paediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis population of 43 children (mean age 4.5 years [range 2.5 months-15.8 years]). The incidence of infectious complications such as peritonitis and catheter-related infections correlated well with the results of other studies. A relatively high incidence of hernias (53%) was seen in our population, probably caused by the lower mean age of the children. Obstructions were caused by omental wrapping, peritonitis, or operative procedures and did not correlate with the period of cathter function. Early leakage occurred within 5 days after catheter implantation. Later leakages were preceeded by another complication, such as infection or obstruction. In early leakage, in contrast to later leakage, the catheter could be maintained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02113262
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin in children treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 850-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     CAPD ; Children ; Erythropoietin ; Pharmacokinetics ; Intraperitoneal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      In children treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) renal anaemia is preferably treated by intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin, since subcutaneous administration is painful and frightening for the child. Pharmacokinetics of erythropoietin were studied in three groups of children treated by CAPD. In group subcutaneous (SC) (n = 5) erythropoietin was administered subcutaneously, whereas in group intraperitoneal 1 (IP1) (n = 8) and intraperitoneal 2 (IP2) (n = 8) erythropoietin was given intraperitoneally during a 12-h dwell. Group IP1 received erythropoietin in 20 ml/kg of dialysis fluid, while in group IP2 the hormone was added to only 50 ml of dialysate, irrespective of body weight. The median area under the curve (AUC) was 4064 mU ·h/ ml (range 2647–24357) in group SC, 1698 (570–5514) in group IP1 and 3577 (1225–6555) in group IP2. In comparison to group SC the AUC was significantly lower in group IP1 (Wilcoxon; P = 0.02). The difference between group SC and group IP2 was not statistically significant. Conclusion     In children on CAPD the resorption of erythropoietin after intraperitoneal administration, measured as AUC, is similar to subcutaneous administration, when erythropoietin is administered in 50 ml of dialysate. The dose needed to treat renal anaemia with erythropoietin administered intraperitoneally this way will have to be established in a therapeutic study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceftriaxone-associated nephrolithiasis and biliary pseudolithiasis (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 975-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Ceftriaxone ; Nephrotoxicity ; Nephrolithiasis ; Infrared spectrometry ; Biliary pseudolithiasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Biliary pseudolithiasis has been reported in patients who received ceftriaxone therapy. In addition to biliary sludge formation occasional reports of ceftriaxone-induced nephrolithiasis have been published. In general, these adverse effects will develop after seven to ten days of treatment. We report on a seven-year-old boy with ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis and nephrolithiasis four days after initiation of treatment. Patients receiving a high dose of ceftriaxone and developing colicky abdominal pain should be considered for ultrasound and a change in antibiotic therapy if appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051261
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraperitoneal administration of recombinant human erythropoietin in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 540-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: CAPD ; Children ; Erythropoietin ; Intraperitoneal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 16 children treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) recombinant human erythropoietin was administered intraperitoneally for the treatment of renal anaemia. The mean treatment period was 8.3 months. Mean haemoglobin values increased from 4.9 mmol/l at start of therapy to 6.2 after 6 months. While 11 out of 16 children needed a total of 22 transfusions during the 6 months prior to therapy, no transfusions were needed after initiation of therapy. Patients started with a dose of 300 units/kg per week. After 6 months of therapy, the mean dose was 370 and after 12 months 279 units/kg per week. No major side-effects were observed. The incidence of peritonitis was not increased. We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin is effective in the treatment of renal anaemia in children treated by CAPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957764
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