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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; absolute bioavailability ; aminophylline infusion ; sustained-release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of different intravenous infusions on the absolute bioavailability of theophylline from a sustained-release formulation has been investigated. Oral administration of 750 mg theophylline (2 capsules Euphylong 375) was referenced to intravenous aminophylline infusions corresponding to 506 mg theophylline over 8 h (63 mg·h−1) in Study 1, and to 749 mg theophylline over 14 h in Study 2. A reduction in the infusion rate from 69 to 33 mg·h−1 was made in Study 2 after 8 h in order to mimic the concentration/time profile of the oral formulation as closely as possible. The absolute bioavailability was 100 (89, 115) % in Study 1 and 88 (73, 105) % in Study 2. The lower clearance values and, as a consequence, the lower bioavailability ratios observed with the higher intravenous dose, although not significant, indicate that the absolute bioavailability of theophylline might appear to depend on the choice of the intravenous reference standard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Valproic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; saliva concentration ; urinary excretion ; serum protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) have been studied in 6 healthy subjects following a single 600 mg dose, and after multiple doses over 12 days (1200 mg daily) of enteric-coated sodium valproate. A time lag before absorption of 1 to 2 h was observed in each subject, and then absorption was rapid, peak concentrations being recorded 3 to 4 h after administration of the dose. The plasma level decline was biphasic with a terminal half-life of 15.9±2.6 h in the single dose and 17.3±3.0 h in the multiple dose experiments. There was no evidence of dose dependent kinetics or autoinduction. Total plasma clearance was 0.0064±0.0011 l/kg×h. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.15±0.2 l/kg. The mean steady state plasma concentration (Css) reached after 4 days was 81.3±13.0 µg/ml. Css observed was lower than Css predicted (99.2±14.7 µg/ml) from single dose kinetics (p〈0.001). The difference was probably due to a reduction in plasma protein binding at higher concentrations. VPA concentration in saliva was between 0.4 and 4.5% of the total plasma concentration and was not equal to the concentration of unbound drug in plasma (6.7±0.8% unbound). 3.2% of the dose was excreted in urine as the parent drug and 21.2% as conjugated metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sparteine N-oxidation ; debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation ; pharmacogenetics ; debrisoquine metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two subjects from each of the three groups of homozygous rapid, heterozygous, and homozygous non-metabolizers (N-oxidation) of sparteine received a single oral dose of debrisoquine. The urinary ratio of debrisoquine/4-hydroxy-debrisoquine, reflecting the individual's capacity to C-hydroxylate debrisoquine, was closely related to his phenotype for sparteine metabolism. This indicates that the two metabolic reactions are controlled by similar if not identical genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: furosemide ; plasma protein binding ; old age ; youth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protein binding of furosemide was investigated in plasma from 22 old and 11 young subjects by equilibrium dialysis. The unbound fraction of furosemide was 3.16% in plasma from the elderly and 1.71% in plasma from the young. A significant correlation was found between the unbound fraction of furosemide and the plasma concentration of albumin. The average number of binding sites was 3.8 (elderly) and 2.7 (young) 10−6 mol/g albumin. The average association constant (K) was 4.3 (elderly) and 4.2 (young) 105 M−1. By increasing the concentration of furosemide up to 200 µg/ml buffer the unbound fraction of the drug rose to 5.2% (elderly) and 3.5% (young).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 573 (1992), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 3 (1985), S. 469-475 
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: Salicylamide-O-acetic acid ; reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. ; theophylline solubilizer
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymological Subjects 92 (1964), S. 610-612 
    ISSN: 0926-6569
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The most frequently reported adverse events associated with acetylsalicylic acid intake are minor gastrointestinal complaints. Galenic modifications, such as buffered formulations with or without ascorbic acid, may improve the benefit–risk ratio by decreasing the local mucosal side-effects of acetylsalicylic acid.Aim : To assess endoscopically-proven gastrointestinal lesions and the amount of gastric microbleeding of four different buffered and plain acetylsalicylic acid formulations, one containing paracetamol.Methods : A randomized, four-fold cross-over study was performed in 17 healthy subjects who underwent serial oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy before and after each course of 4-day dosing. Gastric aspirates were collected for the determination of haemoglobin concentrations to detect microbleeding.Results : Buffered acetylsalicylic acid plus ascorbic acid yielded the lowest Lanza score, the lowest increase in the number of mucosal petechiae and the lowest increase in the amount of gastric microbleeding. Subjects receiving acetylsalicylic acid plus paracetamol plus caffeine showed the highest Lanza score of all treatments, and a considerably greater sum of petechiae in the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum compared with those receiving buffered acetylsalicylic acid plus ascorbic acid.Conclusions : The trial confirms that buffering of acetylsalicylic acid improves local gastric tolerability. Acetylsalicylic acid in combination with ascorbic acid shows significantly fewer gastric lesions and the lowest increase in gastric microbleeding compared with the other tested formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Carcinoma ; Colon ; Kidney ; Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Schlüsselwörter: Carcinom ; Niere ; Metastase ; Pankreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Das Nierenzellcarcinom ist eine Tumorentität mit ungewöhnlichen Charakteristika. Eine der Besonderheiten besteht im relativ häufigen Auftreten von Spätmetastasen erst viele Jahre nach der Diagnose und Therapie des Primärtumors. Eine isolierte Metastasierung in das Pankreas wird extrem selten beobachtet. In der Literatur sind bisher nur 96 derartige Fälle beschrieben worden, wobei es sich in 89 Fällen um solitäre Metastasen handelte. Wir berichten über eine 69 jährige Patientin, bei der 2 Metastasen im Pankreas 12 Jahre nach einer Tumornephrektomie auftraten. Die Patientin wurde uns primär wegen eines Zweitcarcinoms im Coecum zugewiesen. In der präoperativen Diagnostik stellte sich eine 4 cm große Raumforderung im Corpus pancreatis dar. Intraoperativ erfolgte die histologische Diagnosestellung einer Pankreasmetastase des Nierencarcinoms. Neben der Rechtshemicolektomie wurden eine Pankreaslinksresektion und Splenektomie ausgeführt. Die histologische Aufarbeitung des Pankreaspräparats erbrachte den Befund einer zweiten Nierenzellcarcinommetastase. Eine radikale chirurgische Therapie ist für die weitere Prognose von großer Bedeutung. Adjuvante Therapiemöglichkeiten werden diskutiert. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit des Auftretens von Spätmetastasen noch nach Jahren ist eine sorgfältige und langfristige Nachbeobachtung für Patienten mit Nierenzellcarcinom unumgänglich.
    Notes: Abstract. Isolated pancreatic metastases from renal-cell carcinomas (RCC) are extremely rare. Only 96 cases of clinically diagnosed renal-cell carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas have been reported in the world literature, and 70 of the patients (including ours) underwent a definitive surgical resection. In many cases the time between the nephrectomy and diagnosis of metachronous metastases is reported to exceed 10 years. Therefore, the initial diagnosis may be overlooked when there is a prolonged disease-free interval. When it does occur simultaneously or metachronously, aggressive surgical resection, when possible, seems to be the most effective treatment for this metastatic lesion. Surgical resection can provide long-term survival in selected cases. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman in whom two pancreatic metastases were treated by a left-sided subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for a RCC. The patient simultaneously presented with both a mass in the body of the pancreas and a right-sided colon cancer. Thus, the diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis of colon cancer was suspected initially. Both tumors were radically resected, and histological examination revealed two pancreatic metastases from the previous RCC. In the world literature this report represents the eighth case of multiple pancreatic metastases due to RCC. It illustrates a rare indication of pancreatic resection because of pancreatic metastasis. The need for prolonged follow-up of patients is emphasized. The few reports on surgically treated pancreatic metastases from RCC are reviewed after the presentation of this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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