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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosegregation of the polymorphic C4 with the MHC in the frog, Xenopus laevis (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 23 (1986), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Employing isoeletric focusing combined with enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis, the fourth component of complement (C4) was analyzed in the two highly histocompatible, major histocompatibility complex homozygous groups (J and K) of Xenopus laevis. Each group had a characteristic C4 isoelectric focusing pattern, i. e., an isoelectric point range of 8.0–8.5 for J (C4 j C4 j ) and 7.6–8.1 for K (C4 k C4 k ). In (J x K)F1 frogs, C4 proteins were expressed in a codominant fashion (C4 j C4 k ). In the backcrossed progeny B1 [J × (J × K)F1], those with C4 j C4 j rejected (J × K)F1 skins hyperacutely (〈 17 days), were high responders against (J × K)F1 cells, and nonstimulators to J cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), but they did not suffer from the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), even after the injection of (J x K)F1 cell-stimulated J splenocytes. On the other hand, the B1 frogs with C4 j C4 k acutely or chronically (〉 17 days) rejected (J × K)F1 skins, were low or nonresponders against (J × K)F1 cells and high stimulators to J cells in MLR, and they suffered from GVHR after the injection of prestimulated J splenocytes. These results argue for the notion that the genes equivalent to mammalian class III map to the MHC at the phylogenetic level of the anuran amphibian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373819
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of HLA-DQ α sequences for prenatal diagnosis in single fetal cells from maternal blood (1998)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 102 (1998), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have extended a previously developed method that allows prenatal DNA diagnosis of female fetuses through the isolation of single nucleated erythrocytes from maternal blood by developing a method that can distinguish between maternal and fetal nucleated erythrocytes. Nucleated erythrocytes were separated by a density-gradient method and then collected by micromanipulation. Sex was determined after primer extension preamplification (PEP) of the entire genome of a single cell, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ α type was determined after further amplification of this gene. The HLA-DQ α genotype of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood samples and their corresponding paternal and maternal lymphocytes were successfully determined in all cases. The accuracy of the method was determined by using single nucleated erythrocytes from umbilical cord blood from five normal deliveries. This is the first demonstration that the fetal HLA-DQ α gene sequences can be identified in a small aliquot of a single nucleated erythrocyte in maternal blood. We believe that this method ushers in a new era in which the reliability and accuracy of noninvasive prenatal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood is markedly improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050710
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of male and female fetal DNA in maternal plasma by multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction amplification of short tandem repeats (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to develop a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of circulating fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Maternal DNA extracted from plasma samples of pregnant women at term and newborn DNA isolated from cord blood were used to genotype 12 mother/child pairs at nine different polymorphic short tandem repeat loci. Multiplex fluorescent PCR was used to detect fetus-specific alleles in the corresponding maternal plasma samples. Fetus-specific alleles were found in all maternal plasma samples studied. Using these polymorphic repeat sequences, every mother/child pair was informative in at least four of nine loci. Paternally inherited fetal alleles were detected in 84% of informative short tandem repeats. This approach may have implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Compared with other fetal DNA detection systems that use fetus-derived Y sequences to detect only male fetal DNA in maternal plasma, our proposed technique can be applied to both female and male fetuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900166
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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