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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic tolerance to isosorbide-5-mononitrate (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. S53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrates ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; nitrate tolerance ; isosorbide-5-mononitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Healthy male volunteers received three different dose regimens of a controlled-release form of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN; 60 mg per tablet). Dose regimen I consisted of a single daily dose of 60 mg given for 5 days. Dose regimen 11 was started with a dose of 60 mg, followed by 30 mg 12 h later and thereafter every 8 h. The last dose, on the 5th day was again 60 mg. In dose regimen III60 mg followed by 30 mg 6 h later were administered every day for 5 days. The peripheral arterial and venous effects of IS-5-MN during the first and last dosing interval were followed by changes in the finger pulse curve, standing systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and venous distensibility. Plasma concentrations of IS-5-MN were measured frequently following the first and the last dose. Following dose regimen I all hemodynamic effects produced by the first dose were maintained during the study. The maximal plasma concentrations were about 400 ng/ml and the trough value, lower than 100 ng/ml. Following dose regimen II the hemodynamic effects of IS-5-MN and sublingual glyceroltrinitrate were completely abolished on the 5th day. Trough plasma concentrations were approximately 300 ng/ml during the entire study period. Following dose regimen III pronounced hemodynamic effects were seen on the 1st day. However, a significant attenuation of the hemodynamic effects was measured on the 5th day, when trough plasma concentrations were between 100 and 230 ng/ml. There was a significant negative correlation between the magnitude of hemodynamic effect remaining on the 5th day (measured by the area under the finger pulse curve) and the trough plasma concentration. Thus, the maintenance of minimum plasma concentrations of IS-5MN of 300 ng/ml or higher produces a rapid development of hemodynamic nitrate tolerance, whereas no tolerance was found when the plasma concentrations were allowed to decline below 100 ng/ml before the next dose was given. A significant attenuation of hemodynamic effects was found when minimum plasma concentrations were between 100 and 230 ng/ml. The degree of attenuation in this concentration range increased with increasing trough plasma concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417565
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beziehung zwischen Pharmakokinetik und hämodynamischer Toleranz gegenüber isosorbid-5-Mononitrat (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. S151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nitrate ; Pharmakokinetik ; Pharmakodynamik ; Nitrattoleranz ; Isosorbid-5-Mononitrat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gesunde männliche Probanden erhielten Isosorbid-5-Mononitrat in einer Darreichungsform mit verzögerter Freisetzung (IS-5-MN; 60 mg pro Tablette) nach drei unterschiedlichen Dosierungsschemata. Dosierungsschema I bestand aus einer Einzeldosis von täglich 60 mg über eine Dauer von 5 Tagen. Dosierungsschema II begann mit einer Dosis von 60 mg, gefolgt von einer Dosis zu 30 mg 12 Std später und danach alle 8 Std. Die letzte Dosis, gegeben am fünften Tage, betrug wiederum 60 mg. Bei Dosierungsschema III folgte auf zunächst 60 mg jeweils 6 Std später eine Gabe von 30 mg. Diese Dosis wurde über eine Dauer von 5 Tagen täglich gegeben. Die peripheren arteriellen und venösen Wirkungen von IS-5-MN wurden während des ersten und des letzten Dosierungsintervalls anhand von Änderungen der Fingerpulskurve, des systolischen Blutdrucks im Stehen, der Herzfrequenz und der venösen Kapazität bestimmt. Die Plasmakonzentrationen von IS-5-MN wurden nach Verabreichung der ersten und der letzten Dosis mehrfach gemessen. Bei der nach Dosierungsschema I durchgeführten Behandlung blieben alle hämodynamischen Effekte, die durch die erste Dosis hervorgerufen worden waren, während der gesamten Studiendauer erhalten. Die maximale Plasmakonzentration betrug 400 ng/ml. Die minimalen Plasmaspiegel lagen unterhalb 100 ng/ml. Bei Dosierungsschema II war die hämodynamische Wirksamkeit von IS-5-MN oder sublingual gegebenem Glyzeroltrinitrat am fünften Behandlungstage vollständig aufgehoben. Die minimalen Plasmakonzentrationen betrugen während der gesamten Studienperiode ungefähr 300 ng/ml. Bei Dosierungsschema III wurden am ersten Tage deutliche hämodynamische Effekte gemessen. Jedoch wurde am fünften Tage eine signifikante Abschwächung dieser Effekte festgestellt, wobei die minimalen Plasmakonzentrationen zwischen 100 und 230 ng/ml lagen. Das Ausmaß der am fünften Tage verbliebenen hämodynamischen Wirkung (gemessen als Fläche unter der Fingerpulskurve) zeigte eine negative Korrelation mit der gemessenen minimalen Plasmakonzentration. Die Aufrechterhaltung von Plasmakonzentrationen von IS-5-MN von mindestens 300 ng/ml führt somit zu einer schnellen Entwicklung einer hämodynamischen Nitrat-Toleranz. Demgegenüber wurde keine Toleranz gesehen, wenn die minimalen Plasmakonzentrationen unter 100 ng/ml absinken konnten. Lagen die minimalen Plasmakonzentrationen zwischen 100 und 230 ng/ml, wurde eine signifikante Verminderung der hämodynamischen Effekte festgestellt. In diesem Konzentrationsbereich stieg das Ausmaß der Wirkungsabschwächung mit ansteigender minimaler Plasmakonzentration von IS-5-MN an.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of ethylene production in sunflower cell suspensions by the plant growth retardant BAS 111..W: Possible relations to changes in polyamine and cytokinin contents (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 12 (1993), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract At a concentration of 10−5 mol · L−1 the triazole-type growth retardant BAS 111..W completely inhibited the transiently elevated ethylene production in the exponential growth phase of heterotrophic sunflower cell suspensions. This effect, which could not be restored by adding gibberellin A3, was accompanied by transiently increased levels of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) in the cells, which was increasingly converted to N-malonyl-ACC. Thus, the reactions from ACC to ethylene catalyzed by the ethylene-forming enzyme appeared to be blocked by the retardant. Concomitantly, higher endogenous levels of free spermidine and particularly spermine were found over control, whereas free putrescine, the direct precursor of both polyamines, simultaneously decreased. We assume that the remaining S-adenosylmethionine from ethylene biosynthesis was increasingly incorporated into spermidine and finally spermine. A further relation appears to exist between the reduced ethylene production and enhanced levels of cytokinins in the cells. The application of both BAS 111..W and aminoethoxyvinylglycine depressed ethylene formation while immunoreactive cytokinins from isopentenyladenosine-, trans-zeatin ribo-side-, and dihydrozeatin riboside-type increased. By additional treatment with ACC, the effects could partially be reversed. On the other hand, stimulation of ethylene production by ACC alone or ethephon considerably lowered cytokinin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193672
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxiconazole-induced stimulation of the antifungal hydrolases chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in wheat (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 20 (1996), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: ethylene ; glucanohydrolases ; induced resistance ; pathogenesis-related (PR-)proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Young plants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Star), which were treated hydroponically with the triazole fungicide epoxiconazole (BAS 480 F) over a period of 8 days, showed a dose-dependent stimulation of the enzyme activities of the two antifungal hydrolases chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the shoot tissue. In the root tissue, no significant rise in the enzyme activities was found. As shown by immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antisera against tobacco acidic and basic chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases, the obeserved increase in the activities coincided with an accumulation of enzyme proteins. This possibly indicates the induction of a de novo synthesis of chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases by epoxiconazole. To our knowledge, this effect of a synthetic fungicide on antifungal hydrolases in an intact plant is demonstrated for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043319
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in endogenous cyanide and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid levels during the hypersensitive response of tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 17 (1995), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: cyanide ; ethylene biosynthesis ; hypersensitive reaction ; Nicotiana tabacum ; tobacco mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi necroticum plants form local necrotic lesions at the site of infection by tobacco mosaic virus. During the first seven days post-inoculation, endogenous levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and N-malonyl-ACC increased in the lesion area. The time course of ACC accumulation coincided with an increase in the endogenous cyanide level which began within two days after inoculation. Concomitantly, the activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase, the main HCN detoxifying enzyme, decreased. Likewise, treatment of leaf discs of uninfected plants with ACC led to cyanide accumulation. Exogenously applied KCN caused necrotic spots on tobacco leaves very similar to the whitish centers of virus-induced local lesions. Possible implications of cyanide in cell death during TMV-induced lesion development are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the triazole growth retardant BAS 111..W on phytohormone levels in senescing intact pods of oilseed rape (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ; BAS 111..W ; Brassica napus ; cytokinins ; oilseed rape ; pod ; senescence ; triazole growth retardant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Foliar treatment of oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.ssp. napus cv. Linetta) with the growth retardant BAS 111..W at the 5th leaf stage delayed pod senescence during early maturation. Changes of immunoreactive cytokinin- and abscisic acid (ABA)- like substances and of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and its malonyl-conjugate (MACC) were determined in intact whole pods. When compared with control plants, higher levels of total chlorophyll correlated with four-fold and three-fold increases of trans-zeatin riboside- and dihydrozeatin riboside-type cytokinins, respectively, in the pods of plants treated with 0.25 mg BAS 111..W per plant. Isopentenyladenosine-type cytokinins and ACC and MACC contents remained virtually unchanged, whereas ABA levels dropped considerably below those of controls (60% reduction). However, when analysed at late pod maturity, BAS 111..W treatment no longer affected the total chlorophyll content, or the levels of cytokinins, ABA, ACC and MACC. We hypothesize that the retardant-induced changes in the hormonal status of the pods, favouring the senescence-delaying cytokinins as opposed to abscisic acid, could contribute to the developmental delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025211
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