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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of two ELISA tests for the rapid detection of group a Streptococci (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 256-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes ; Pharyngitis ; Streptococcal infections, immunology ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 579 oropharyngeal swab specimens from children presenting with pharyngitis in order to compare two rapid diagnostic ELISA tests for group A streptococcal antigen: the TestPack Strep A (TPSA), and the Direct Strep A EIA (DSAE), with an anaerobically incubated sheep blood agar culture. The sensitivities of the methods were respectively 60.8% (TPSA) and 64.4% (DSAE), the specificities 98.3% (TPSA) and 93.2% (DSAE), the positive predictive values 88.6% (TPSA) and 70.3% (DSAE) and the negative predictive values 92.0% (TPSA) and 91.2% (DSAE). We conclude that the TPSA is easy to interpret and is sufficiently specific to initiate treatment in patients with a positive test. It is not sufficiently sensitive to ensure negative or intermediate results. The performance of the DSAE test is similar but the specificity is slightly lower and more false positive results occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106286
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Influence of parity and mode of delivery (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 542-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: HIV infections ; Infant newborn ; Pregnancy ; Parity ; Caesarean section
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract In a national prospective study of risk factors for mother-tochild transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 316 children of HIV-positive mothers were followed up for at least 6 months. Infection status was determined in 254 of them and 46 were found to be infected giving a transmission rate of 18.1%. Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for mother-to-child transmission showed an association between primiparity and increased transmission rate: odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.6,P〈0.05. Analysis by logistic regression confirmed this association (adjusted odds ratio 2.4) and showed, in addition, a negative association between transmission rate and elective Caesarean section (adjusted odds ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.13–0.97,P〈0.05). The effect of primiparity was less pronounced in combination with elective Caesarean section (odds ratio 1.7) than with other delivery modes (odds ratio 2.5, difference not significant. HIV-infected children were less likely to experience the birth of a younger sibling during the observation period than their uninfected counterparts (2 of 46 vs 27 of 208,P〈0.05 by logrank test). Conclusions Primiparous women appear to transmit HIV to their children at a higher rate. This could be explained by increased intrapartum transmission because of longer and more complicated labour in primiparas and/or by a self-selection of women with lower risk of transmission among those deciding to have additional children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074831
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow transplantation in cartilage-hair hypoplasia: Correction of the immunodeficiency but not of the chondrodysplasia (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 286-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Immunodeficiency ; Chondrodysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract We diagnosed cartilagehair hypoplasia (CHH) in a female child with prenatal-onset short stature, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency leading to recurrent, severe respiratory tract infections. The patient required several hospital admissions during her 1st year of life and failed to thrive in spite of antimicrobial therapy and hypercaloric nutrition. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sister was performed at age 16 months after conditioning with busulphan and cyclophosphamide, using 9×108 nucleated bone marrow cells/kg body weight. Graft-versus-host disase prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. The post-transplantation period was uneventful. She developed full and sustained chimerism as demonstrated by DNA analysis of granulocytes and mononucleated cells on days 44, 69 and 455 post BMT. Cellular immunity was completely reconstituted at 4 months, humoral immunity at 15 months post BMT. The patient is alive and well 24 months post BMT without medication, but the radiological osseous changes persist, and longitudinal growth remains markedly below the 10th percentile for CHH standards; her height at age 3 years 4 months is 66 cm. Conslusions In this patient with unusually severe CHH, bone-marrow transplantation has fully corected the immune deficiency but has had no influence on the course of the chondrodysplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002714
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow transplantation in cartilage-hair hypoplasia: correction of the immunodeficiency but not of the chondrodysplasia (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 286-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Bone marrow ; transplantation ; Immunodeficiency ; Chondrodysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We diagnosed cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) in a female child with prenatal-onset short stature, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency leading to recurrent, severe respiratory tract infections. The patient required several hospital admissions during her 1st year of life and failed to thrive in spite of antimicrobial therapy and hypercaloric nutrition. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sister was performed at age 16 months after conditioning with busulphan and cyclophosphamide, using 9 × 108 nucleated bone marrow cells/kg body weight. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. The post-transplantation period was uneventful. She developed full and sustained chimerism as demonstrated by DNA analysis of granulocytes and mononucleated cells on days 44, 69 and 455 post BMT. Cellular immunity was completely reconstituted at 4 months, humoral immunity at 15 months post BMT. The patient is alive and well 24 months post BMT without medication, but the radiological osseous changes persist, and longitudinal growth remains markedly below the 10th percentile for CHH standards; her height at age 3 years 4 months is 66 cm. Conclusions In this patient with unusually severe CHH, bone-marrow transplantation has fully corrected the immune deficiency but has had no influence on the course of the chondrodysplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccination strategies for children with specific medical conditions: a paediatrician's viewpoint (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 899-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Immunization ; Children ; Prematures ; Chronic diseases ; Contraindications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Children with underlying medical conditions have to be given careful attention at the time of planned immunization in order to define the individual benefit/risk ratio of a given vaccination. Analysis of available data demonstrates that vaccine administration is indeed both safe and efficient in most children. Immunization of very premature infants may require specific vaccine strategies consisting either of short-term deferral of immunization or the addition of an extra vaccine dose. With the exception of influenza immunization of children with egg allergy, immunization is safe and efficient in atopic or asthmatic children. A family or personal history of seizure without evidence of encephalopathy is no longer considered a limitation to pertussis immunization. Children with mild intercurrent infection can be immunized without further delay. Repeated pneumococcal immunization should be offered to children at high risk of pneumococcal disease after the age of 2 years. Optimal protection of immunodeficient children could include immunization of family members. Conclusion This article attempts to review existing data upon which immunization practices have been recommended by expert societies. It outlines some areas that need additional studies before specific recommendations can be made and it proposes attitudes that could be considered in the meantime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050739
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