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  • 1
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Micro-CT – Osteoporosis – Plain radiograph – Three-dimensional – Trabecular bone – Trabecular architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) trabecular structure and two-dimensional plain radiographic patterns. An in vitro cylinder of human calcaneal trabecular bone was three-dimensionally imaged by micro-CT using synchrotron radiation, at 33.4 μm resolution. The original 3D image was processed using 14 distinct sequences of morphologic operations, i.e., of dilations and erosions, to obtain a total of 15 3D models or images of calcaneal trabecular bone. These 15 models had distinct densities (volume fractions) and architectures. The 3D structure of each calcaneal model was assessed using mean intercept length (fabric), by averaging individual fabric measurements associated with each medial-lateral image slice, and determining the relative anisotropy, R3D, of the structure. A summated pattern or plain radiograph was also computed from the 3D image data for each calcaneal model. Each summated pattern was then locally thresholded, and the resulting two-dimensional (2D) binary image analyzed using the same fabric analysis as used for the 3D data. The anisotropy of the 2D summated pattern was denoted by Rx-ray. The volume fractions of the 15 models ranged from 0.08 to 0.19 with a mean of 0.14. The medial-lateral anisotropies, R3D, ranged from 1.38 to 2.54 with a mean of 1.88. The anisotropy of the 2D summated patterns, Rx-ray, ranged from 1.35 to 2.18 with a mean of 1.71. The linear correlation of the 3D trabecular architecture, R3D, with the radiographic trabecular architecture, Rx-ray, was 0.99 (p〈0.0001). This study shows that the plain radiograph contains architectural information directly related to the underlying 3D structure. A well-controlled sequential reproducible plain radiograph may prove useful for monitoring changes in trabecular architecture in vivo and in identifying those individuals at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 1 (1977), S. 227-230 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Skeleton ; Legg-Calvé-Perthes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Une étude concernant 116 enfants atteints de maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé a montré un éventail de maturation osseuse dans lequel 33 (29%) avaient un retard significantif (au dessus de 2 écarts-types) et six (5%) avaient une avance notable (au dessus de 2 écarts-types). 2. Il n'a pas été trouvé de rapport entre la maturation osseuse et l'âge des enfants ou le résultat final de la maladie. 3. Dans une étude séparée de 52 enfants chez lesquels des radiographies ultérieures de la main et du poignet furent pratiquées avec un intervalle moyen de 4,6 années (1 à 14 ans), la maturation osseuse, en tant que critère du développement, n'a pas changé de façon appréciable avec la poursuite de la croissance.
    Notes: Summary 1. A study of 116 children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease showed a spectrum of skeletal maturity in which 33 (29%) were significantly retarded (over 2 SD) and six (5%) significantly accelerated (over 2 SD). 2. There was no correlation between skeletal maturity and the ages of the children or the end result of the disease. 3. Skeletal maturity, as a characteristic of development, did not change appreciably with additional growth in a separate study of 52 children for whom subsequent hand and wrist radiographs were available for an average interval of 4.6 years (one to 14 years).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 3 (1979), S. 189-195 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Hip ; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease ; Osteochondritis dissecans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Sur 450 enfants atteints de maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé, neuf ont présenté une ostéochondrite disséquante à titre de complication tardive. L'âge moyen au début de la maladie, chez les huit enfants pour qui ces informations sont connues, est de 8,4 ans, (dont trois entre 5 et 7 ans et cinq entre 7 et 12 ans). Huit sont des garçons et trois d'entre eux ont présenté une maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé bilatérale; parmi ces derniers, un fut également atteint d'une ostéochondrite disséquante bilatérale. Divers traitements avaient été utilisés dans ce groupe: six malades avaient été traités par mise en décharge, d'une manière quelconque, et durant 25 mois en moyenne; deux avaient subi une ostéotomie de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur, avec reprise précoce de l'appui. Le terme d'ostéochondrite disséquante devrait être réservé aux pertes de substance de la surface articulaire persistant après la guérison de la maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé, puisque de telles lésions surviennent souvent au début de la reconstitution épiphysaire, mais ne sont que transitoires. Gossling a insisté sur la nécessité de préciser cette relation évolutive, en disant que l'ostéochondrite disséquante constitue une «séquelle permanente». L'ostéochondrite disséquante est une complication «rare» de la maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé lorsqu'elle représente une découverte fortuite au cours du bilan d'une affection de la hanche chez l'adulte. Elle est moins «rare» lors de la surveillance systématique à long terme des sujets traités pour une maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé, en sachant qu'elle est habituellement parfaitement tolérée pendant de longues années. Enfin, il faut noter que le mécanisme de formation de l'ostéochondrite disséquante secondaire à la maladie de Legg-Perthes-Calvé diffère de ceux qui sont en cause dans des circonstances plus habituelles.
    Notes: Summary In a study including about 450 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease nine patients were noted to have osteochondritis dissecans as a late complication. The average age at onset of the Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in the eight where this information was known was 8.4 years with three in the five to seven year range and five in the seven to twelve year range. Eight of the children were males and three of them had bilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease one of which also had bilateral osteochondritis dissecans. A variety of treatment was used in this group. Six were treated with some form of weight relieving programme for an average of 25 months and two were treated with proximal femoral osteotomy and early weight bearing. Osteochondritis dissecans should refer to the persistent articular surface defect remaining after primary healing of the Legg-Calve-Perthes disease since similar deficiencies often occur during early epiphyseal reconstitution but are temporary. Gossling has indicated the need for clarification of this temporal relationship by stating that osteochondritis dissecans is a ‘permanent sequela’. Osteochondritis dissecans is a ‘rare’ complication of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease when it is an incidental finding in the course of investigation of adult hip disability. It is less ‘rare’ when there is long term routine follow up of treated patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease with the obvious inference that the problem is not routinely disabling for long periods. Finally, it is to be noted that there is a different mechanism for the formation of osteochondritis dissecans after Legg-Calve-Perthes disease than other more common situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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