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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VSE: formal methods meet industrial needs (2000)
    Springer
    International journal on software tools for technology transfer 3 (2000), S. 66-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2787
    Keywords: Key words: Formal software development – Automated theorem proving – Interactive theorem proving – Temporal logic – Modular proof development – Compositionality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. The Verification Support Environment (VSE) is a tool to formally specify and verify complex systems. It provides the means to structure specifications and supports the development process from the specification of a system to the automatic generation of code. Formal developments following the VSE method are stored and maintained in an administration system that guides the user and maintains a consistent state of development. An integrated deduction system provides proof support for the deduction problems arising during the development process. We describe the application of VSE to an industrial case study and give an overview of the enhanced VSE system and the VSE methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100099900022
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Educational reform and the public: Two case studies of Poland and Saskatchewan (Canada) (1991)
    Springer
    International review of education 37 (1991), S. 319-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0638
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit an Reformen auf dem Gebiet der Erziehung in den modernen demokratischen Gesellschaften dient hauptsächlich der politischen Legitimierung der Reformpläne. In dieser Studie werden die der Bevölkerung offen oder unterschwellig vermittelten Gründe untersucht, warum den erzieherischen Reformen in beiden Ländern zugestimmt werden sollte. Obwohl die Unterschiede in der politischen Kultur Anlaß zur Vorsicht vor einem voreiligen Vergleich der beiden Fallstudien geben, so sprechen einige wirtschaftspolitische Ähnlichkeiten für eine sinnvolle Nebeneinanderstellung. In Polen führte der Zusammenhang sozialpolitischer und wirtschaftlicher Erneuerung dazu, daß die Reformer das Modell des menschlichen Kapitals, das das öffentliche Bewußtsein und die Teilnahme an der Debatte über die Reformen verstärkte, besonders betonten. Die öffentliche Beteiligung in Saskatchewan bekam aus zwei Gründen einen negativen Beigeschmack. Erstens manipulierte die Regierung offensichtlich in verschiedener Hinsicht die Beiträge der Öffentlichkeit, und sie scheint damit das Ergebnis vorbestimmt zu haben. Zweitens stärkten die Gründe für die auf ein Modell der freien Marktwirtschaft gegründeten Reformen die Verbindungen zwischen dem Bedarf des Arbeitsmarktes und dem Mandat der Schulen. Als Folge davon reduzierte sich das öffentliche Interesse und die Beteiligung erheblich.
    Abstract: Résumé La participation du public aux processus de réforme éducative dans les sociétés démocratiques modernes sert essentiellement à légitimation politique du calendrier de réforme. Cette étude examine la raison d'être soumise implicitement ou explicitement au public et analyse pourquoi les réformes éducatives doivent être adoptées dans les deux pays. Bien que les divergences de cultures politiques mettent en garde contre une comparaison hâtive des deux études de cas, certaines correspondances politico-économiques permettent une juxtaposition valide. En Pologne, le contexte de la rénovation socio-politique et économique a pressé les réformateurs à mettre en valeur le modèle de capital humain qui a rehaussé l'information et la participation du public dans le débat autour de la réforme. La participation du public dans le Saskatchewan a été entravée pour deux raisons. Premièrement, il semblerait que le gouvernement ait manipulé les investissements publics de différentes manières et qu'il ait par cela prédéterminé le résultat obtenu. Deuxièmement, la légitimité de la réforme, orientée vers un modèle de marché libre, a renforcé les liens entre les besoins du marché de l'emploi et le mandat des écoles. Par conséquent, l'intérêt et la participation du public ont été considérablement affaiblis.
    Notes: Abstract The involvement of the public in educational reform processes in modern democratic societies primarily serves the purpose of politically legitimizing the reform agenda. This study examines the rationales implicitly or explicitly submitted to the public to explain why educational reforms in the two countries should be endorsed. Although differences in the political culture caution against a hasty comparison of the two case studies, a number of politico-economic similarities allow for a valid juxtaposition. In Poland the context of socio-political and economic renewal prompted the reformers to emphasize the human-capital model which heightened public awareness and participation in the debate surrounding the reform. Public involvement in Saskatchewan was negatively affected for mainly two reasons. First, the government evidently manipulated public input by various means and thereby appears to have predetermined the outcome. Second, the rationale for the reform, based on a free-market model, tightened the linkage between the needs of the labour market and the mandate of the schools. As a result, public interest and participation was greatly diminished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C=C-Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, III. Versuche mit 9-(9-Fluorenyliden)xanthen (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3762-3765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: C=C Double Bonds with Extreme Reactivity, III. Reactions of 9-(9-Fluorenylidene)xantheneAccording to equations (1) to (4), 9-(9-fluorenylidene)xanthene (2) reacts with sulfur, malonodinitrile, aniline, or thiophenol to give the compounds 3, 5, 7-11, and diphenyl disulfide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831161124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C=C-Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, II. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-imidazolidinselenon aus 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2,2′-biimidazolidin und Selen (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 2068-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Extremely Reactive C=C-Double Bounds, II. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-imidazolidineselenone from 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2′2-biimidazolidine1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2,2′-biimidazolidine (1) reacts with metallic selenium to form 1,3-diphenyl-2-imidazolidineselenone (6). The actions of powdered copper, ethyliodide, thiophenole, phenylmagnesiumbromide, phenylisocyanate, and lithium alanate on 6 are described. Some of the unusual mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.
    Notes: 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2,2′-biimidazolidin (1) reagiert mit metallischem Selen unter Bildung von 1,3-Diphenyl-2-imidazolidinselenon (6). Die Einwirkung von Kupferpulver, Ethyliodid, Thiophenol, Phenylmagnesiumbromid, Phenylisocyanat und Lithiumalanat auf 6 wird beschrieben. Die teils ungewöhnlichen Abläufe dieser Reaktion werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C=C-Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, IV. Ungewöhnliche Reaktionen mit Thiophenol, 1,2-Ethandithiol und anderen schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 3388-3399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Extremely Reactive C=C-Double Bonds, IV1). Unusual Reactions with Thiophenol, 1,2-Ethanedithiol, and other Sulfur CompoundsReactions of thiophenol and 1,2-ethanedithiol with imidazolidine derivatives leads to solvolysis with opening or conversion of the imidazolidine system [eq. (7), (9), or (10)] as well as to hydrogenation, partly without a change in the ring system [eq. (2), (5), (6), (9), or (11)]. Benzophenone diaryl dithioacetals are reduced to aryl benzhydryl sulfides by thiophenol [eq. (8)]. 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2,2′-biimidazolidine (9) desulfurates thioacetic acid, bibenzoyl disulfide, and dixanthogen [eq. (13)].
    Notes: Thiophenol und 1,2-Ethandithiol reagieren mit Imidazolidin-Derivaten sowohl solvolytisch unter Ringöffnung oder -umwandlung [vgl. Gl. (7), (9) oder (10)] als auch teilweise bei Erhaltung des Imidazolidin-Ringes, unter Hydrierung [vgl. Gl. (2), (5), (6), (9) oder (11)]. Diaryldithioacetale des Benzophenons werden durch Thiophenol zu Aryl-benzhydryl-sulfiden reduziert [vgl. Gl. (8)]. 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-Δ2,2′-biimidazolidin (9) wirkt entschwefelnd auf Thioessigsäure, Dibenzoyldisulfid und Dixanthogen [vgl. Gl. (13)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19841171208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaliumsuperoxid und ein neuer Weg von myo- zu scyllo-Inositderivaten (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1987 (1987), S. 645-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potassium Superoxide and a Novel Route from myo- to scyllo-Inositol DerivativesPotassium superoxide has been used successfully as oxygen nucleophile in order to convert a myo- into a scyllo-inositol derivative (1→3). This model reaction offers a novel and simple route to differently substituted, non-centrosymmetric derivatives of the rare scyllo-inositol starting from its commercially available myo isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198719870715
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und flüssigkristalline Eigenschaften von Multiethern des myo- und scyllo-Inosits (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 2265-2277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Inositol ethers ; Mesogens ; Liquid crystals, thermotropic ; Hydrogen bonding ; Supramolecular structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Liquid-Crystalline Properties of myo- and scyllo-Inositol Multi EthersSelectively alkylated myo- and scyllo-inositol ethers were obtained by multi-step syntheses starting from commercially available myo-inositol. Necessary conversions of axial hydroxy groups into equatorial ones were achieved using either potassium superoxide (KO2) or potassium nitrite (KNO2) as oxygen nucleophiles for the transformation of myo- into scyllo- inositol derivatives. Polarizing microscopic and thermoanalytical studies of numerous members of three families (6, 13, and 20) of inositol ethers reveal for most of them thermotropic liquid-crystalline behavior. Furthermore, in case of the two long-chain scyllitol tetraethers 13d and e an unusual thermopolymorphism has been found. The number, position, and stereochemical arrangement of alkyl chains attached to the inositol cores strongly influence the mesogenic properties of these biomolecule derivatives, chemically vicinal diols and tetrols. The self-assembly of the studied inositol multi ethers to columnar mesophases of “supramolecular structures” is discussed considering geometrical features of these molecules and their capabilities to aggregate by hydrogen bonding.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911241020
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C=C-Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, VI1) Tris(methylphenylamino)methan - Zur Chemie der Orthoamide (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1581-1588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Extremely Reactive C=C Double Bonds, VI1). -Tris(methylphenylamino)methane - The Chemistry of OrthoamidesReactions of the title compound 2 with sulfur, selenium, thiophenol, malononitrile, 1,3-indanedione, fluorenone hydrazone, phenylmagnesium bromide, bromine, thioacetic acid, N,N′-diphenylurea, oxalyl chloride, 9,9-dichloroxanthene, phenyl isocyanate, and stilbene dibromide are described and the mechanisms are discussed. The catalytic influence of 2 on the decomposition of 9-diazofluorene in xylene and mesitylene is discussed.
    Notes: Reaktionen der Titelverbindung 2 mit Schwefel, Selen, Thiophenol, Malononitril, 1,3-Indandion, Fluorenonhydrazon, Phenylmagnesiumbromid, Brom, Thioessigsäure, N,N′-Diphenylharnstoff, Oxalylchlorid, 9,9-Dichlorxanthen, Phenylisocyanat und Stilbendibromid werden beschrieben und ihre Mechanismen diskutiert. Der katalytische Einfluß von 2 auf den Zerfall von 9-Diazofluoren in Xylol und Mesitylen wird behandelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200917
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C=C-Doppelbindungen mit extremer Reaktivität, V1) 2-[Bis(methylphenylamino)methylen]-1,3-diphenylimidazolidin, ein Tetraaminoethylen neuen Typs (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1589-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extremely Reactive C—C Double Bonds, V1).  - 2-[Bis(methylphenylamino)methylene]-1,3-diphenylimidazolidine, a Tetraaminoethylene of a New TypeThe synthesis of the title compound 3 by two different routes and some reactions are described. The mechanisms of formation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200918
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