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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of substituted polyacetylenes (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4264-4269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage-dependent sodium currents recorded from dissociated rat taste cells (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 146 (1995), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Gustation ; Taste ; Sensory transduction ; Sodium current ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Voltage-dependent sodium currents were analyzed in detail from dissociated mammalian taste receptor cells using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Approximately 50–75% of all taste receptor cells expressed sodium currents. These currents activated close to −50 mV (holding potential = −80 mV) with maximal currents most often occurring at −10 mV. The distribution of maximal inward currents across all cells appeared to display two peaks, at −254 pA and −477 pA, possibly due to differences in sodium channel density. Inward currents were eliminated by replacing 90% of external sodium with N-methyl-D-glucamine. The currentvoltage relationship of the activated current, as measured by a tail current analysis, was linear, suggesting an ohmic nature of the open channel conductance. The relationship between the time to the peak activated current and the step potential was well fit by a double exponential curve (τ1 = 6.18, τ2 = 37.8 msec). Development of inactivation of the sodium current was dependent upon both voltage- and temporal-parameters. The voltage dependence of the time constant (τ) obtained from removal of inactivation, development of inactivation, and decay of the sodium current displayed a bell-shaped curve with a maximum of 55 msec at −70 mV. In addition to fast inactivation (half maximal at −50 mV), these currents also displayed a slow inactivation (half maximal at −65 mV). Voltage-dependent sodium currents were reversibly inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of tetrodotoxin (Kd = 10−8 m). There was no evidence of a TTX-insensitive sodium current. This description broadens our understanding of gustatory transduction mechanisms with a particular relevance to the physiological role of receptor cell action potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232681
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoform-Specific Function and Distribution of Na/K Pumps in the Frog Lens Epithelium (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 178 (2000), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Na/K ATPase — Lens —α-Isoforms — Whole cell patch clamp — Na+-dependence — K+-dependence — pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Epithelial cells from the anterior and equatorial surfaces of the frog lens were isolated and used the same day for studies of the Na/K ATPase. RNase protection assays showed that all cells express α1- and α2-isoforms of the Na/K pump but not the α3-isoform, however the α2-isoform dominates in anterior cells whereas the α1-isoform dominates in equatorial cells. The whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to record functional properties of the Na/K pump current (I P ), defined as the current specifically inhibited by dihydro-ouabain (DHO). DHO-I P blockade data indicate the α1-isoform has a dissociation constant of 100 μm DHO whereas for the α2-isoform it is 0.75 μm DHO. Both α1- and α2-isoforms are half maximally activated at an intracellular Na+-concentration of 9 mm. The α1-isoform is half maximally activated at an extracellular K+-concentration of 3.9 mm whereas for the α2-isoform, half maximal activation occurs at 0.4 mm. Lastly, transport by the α1-isoform is inhibited by a drop in extracellular pH, which does not affect transport by the α2-isoform. Under normal physiological conditions, I P in equatorial cells is approximately 0.23 μA/μF, and in anterior cells it is about 0.14 μA/μF. These current densities refer to the area of cell membrane assuming a capacitance of around 1 μF/cm2. Because cell size and geometry are different at the equatorial vs. anterior surface of the intact lens, we estimate Na/K pump current density per area of lens surface to be around 10 μA/cm2 at the equator vs. 0.5 μA/cm2 at the anterior pole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002320010017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the APACHE III prognostic system in Brazilian intensive care units: A prospective multicenter study (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 564-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Brazil ; Intensive care units ; Patient outcome assessment ; Quality of health care ; Prognostication ; Survival analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To compare patients and their outcomes at ten Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs) with those reported from the United States. Design Prospective multicenter inception cohort study. Setting Ten Brazilian adult medical-surgical ICUs. Patients 1734 consecutive adult ICU admissions. Measurements and results We used demographic, clinical and physiologic information and the APACHE III prognostic system to predict risk of hospital death for 1734 ICU admissions. We then divided the observed by the predicted hospital death rate to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for patient groups and each ICU. Hospital mortality for Brazilian patients (34%) was double that found in the United States (17%,p〈0.01). Discrimination of survivors from non-survivors using APACHE III was good (area under a receiver operating characteristic curve=0.82), but the predicted risk of death was significantly (p〈0.0001) lower than observed outcome (SMR=1.67). Three of the ten Brazilian ICUs, however, had SMRs of 1.01 to 1.1 and no significant difference between observed and predicted outcomes; the remaining seven ICUs had significatly higher SMRs, ranging from 1.50 to 2.30. Conclusion The APACHE III prognostic system was a good discriminator of hospital mortality for ICU admissions at 10 Brazilian ICUs. There was substantial and significant variation, however, in SMRs among the Brazilian ICUs, which suggests that further evaluations of international differences in intensive care using a common risk assessment system should be performed and factors associated with variations in risk-adjusted mortality scrutinized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708097
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the APACHE III prognostic system in Brazilian intensive care units: a prospective multicenter study (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 564-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Brazil ; Intensive care units ; Patient outcome assessment ; Quality of health care ; Prognostication ; Survival analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To compare patients and their outcomes at ten Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs) with those reported from the United States. Design: Prospective multicenter inception cohort study. Setting: Ten Brazilian adult medical–surgical ICUs. Patients: 1734 consecutive adult ICU admissions. Measurements and results: We used demographic, clinical and physiologic information and the APACHE III prognostic system to predict risk of hospital death for 1734 ICU admissions. We then divided the observed by the predicted hospital death rate to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for patient groups and each ICU. Hospital mortality for Brazilian patients (34%) was double that found in the United States (17%, p〈0.01). Discrimination of survivors from non-survivors using APACHE III was good (area under a receiver operating characteristic curve=0.82), but the predicted risk of death was significantly (p〈0.0001) lower than observed outcome (SMR=1.67). Three of the ten Brazilian ICUs, however, had SMRs of 1.01 to 1.1 and no significant difference between observed and predicted outcomes; the remaining seven ICUs had significantly higher SMRs, ranging from 1.50 to 2.30. Conclusion: The APACHE III prognostic system was a good discriminator of hospital mortality for ICU admissions at 10 Brazilian ICUs. There was substantial and significant variation, however, in SMRs among the Brazilian ICUs, which suggests that further evaluations of international differences in intensive care using a common risk assessment system should be performed and factors associated with variations in risk-adjusted mortality scrutinized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708097
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of technology for achieving superior outcomes from intensive care (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 664-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intensive care ; Outcome and process assessment (health care) ; Probability models ; Quality of health care ; Resource allocation ; Organization and administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that technology availability, staffing, and diagnostic diversity in an intensive care unit (ICU) are associated with the ability to decrease hospital mortality. Design Prospective multicenter descriptive cohort study. Setting Ten Brazilian medical-surgical ICUs. Patients 1734 consecutive adult ICU admissions. Measurements and results We recorded t the amount of technology, number of diagnoses, and availability of nurses at each ICU. We also used demographic, clinical and physiologic information for an average of 173 admissions to each ICU to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each ICU. The mean SMR for the ten ICUs was 1.67 (range 1.01–2.30). A greater availability of ICU equipment and services was significantly (p〈0.001) associated with a lower SMR. Conclusion The ability of Brazilian ICUs to reduce hospital mortality is associated with the amount of technology available in these units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709743
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of technology for achieving superior outcomes from intensive care (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 664-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Intensive care ; Outcome and process assessment (health care) ; Probability models ; Quality of health care ; Resource allocation ; Organization and administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To test the hypothesis that technology availability, staffing, and diagnostic diversity in an intensive care unit (ICU) are associated with the ability to decrease hospital mortality. Design: Prospective multicenter descriptive cohort study. Setting: Ten Brazilian medical–surgical ICUs. Patients: 1734 consecutive adult ICU admissions. Measurements and results: We recorded the amount of technology, number of diagnoses, and availability of nurses at each ICU. We also used demographic, clinical and physiologic information for an average of 173 admissions to each ICU to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each ICU. The mean SMR for the ten ICUs was 1.67 (range 1.01–2.30). A greater availability of ICU equipment and services was significantly (p〈0.001) associated with a lower SMR. Conclusion: The ability of Brazilian ICUs to reduce hospital mortality is associated with the amount of technology available in these units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709743
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of organic manure on organic phosphorus fractions in two paddy soils (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 64-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Paddy soils ; Anaerobic conditions ; Organic P fractions ; Organic manure ; Cellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the transformation of the organic P fractions from organic manure in two paddy soils (Ultisol, Entisol) and the influence of organic manure or cellulose on organic P under anaerobic conditions. The results obtained from the P fractionation experiment indicated that during the incubation labile and moderately labile organic P fractions increased in the Ultisol and decreased in the Entisol, which might be related to the difference in the organic matter content of both soils. Immediately after the application of organic manure, a large part of labile and moderately labile organic P supplied with the manure was transformed into moderately resistant organic P, possibly Ca- or Mg-inositol P were transformed into Fe-inositol P. During anaerobic incubation, the labile forms of organic P in the soils treated with organic manure were increased along with the incubation period in the first 4 weeks. The change in the moderately labile fraction was dramatic. It increased sharply in the first 2 weeks, then decreased, which was more pronounced in the soils treated with pig faeces. The moderately resistant fraction decreased during the whole incubation period. This indicated that under anaerobic conditions, the moderately resistant fraction can be transformed into labile and moderately labile organic P fractions, perhaps as Fe3+-inositol P is reduced to Fe+2-inositol P. Cellulose as an organic substrate had an increasing effect on organic P, especially when it was combined with inorganic P. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of inorganic P fertilizer combined with organic manure may be an effective way of protecting inorganic P against intensive sorption in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418674
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Si in reactively sputtered Ti-Si-N films on structure and diffusion barrier performance (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.10; 61.14; 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 34 Si23N43 (b3) and Ti35Si13N52 (c3), are synthesized by reactively sputtering a Ti5Si3 or a Ti3Si target, respectively. The silicon-lean film (c3) has a columnar structure closely resembling that of TiN. As a diffusion barrier between a shallow Si n+p junction diode and a Cu overlayer, this material is effective up to 700 °C for 30 min annealing in vacuum, a performance similar to that for TiN. The silicon-rich (b3) film contains nanocrystals of TiN, randomly oriented and embedded in an amorphous matrix. A film of (b3) maintains the stability of the same diode structure up to 850 °C for 30 min in vacuum. This film (b3) is clearly superior to TiN or to (c3). Similar experiments performed with Al instead of Cu overlayers highlight the importance of the thermodynamic stability of a barrier layer and demonstrate convincingly that for stable barriers the microstructure is a parameter that directly determines the barrier performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050539
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency dependence of third harmonic generation in polyacetylene (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.90.+t ; 42.65.Cq ; 78.20.—e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The frequency dependence of the third harmonic generation in trans-polyacetylene is quantitatively interpreted by considering the bands of finite chain and the damping of excitation. Our theory shows that there are two distinct peaks in the spectrum of the third harmonic generation. The first one around 0.6 eV comes from the three-photon resonant transition between the edges of the valence band and conduction band; the second one around 0.9 eV is produced by the two-photon interband transition. The excitation-dependent damping is essential to determine the position of the second peak. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331890
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