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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of interleukin-1 liberation in zymosan air-pouch exudate in mice (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Interleukin-1 ; Zymosan air pouch ; Indomethacin ; Dexamethasone ; IX 207-887
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine whether interleukin-1 (IL-1) production is involved in the pathology of inflammation induced by zymosan in the air-pouch of mice. For this reason the IL-1α level was determined in the air-pouch exudate by specific ELISA kit 4, 24, 48 h and 4–8 days after zymosan injection into preformed subcutaneous air-pouches in mice. Concurrently, some conventional paremeters such as volume of exudate, its protein content and the total leukocyte count were also measured. The IL-1α level reached its maximum 24 h after zymosan administration and remained elevated throughout the 8-day observation period. Exudation, accumulation of leukocytes and protein also were maximal on day 8. The effects of some anti-inflammatory agents have also been examined. Orally administered dexamethasone induced a dose-dependent reduction in IL-1α, whereas indomethacin and IX 207–887, an IL-1-release inhibitor, failed to reduce the IL-1α content in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01986403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and drug induced modulation of interleukin-1 level during zymosan peritonitis in mice (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Interleukin-1 ; Zymosan peritonitis ; Anti-inflammatory drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time-course and pharmacological modulation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) production were investigated during zymosan induced peritonitis in mice. IL-1α liberation was assessed by specific immunoassay (ELISA) and the IL-1 like bioactivity (sensitive to bothα- andβ-forms of IL-1) was measured by a sensitive bioassay (D10G4.1 costimulation). I.p. injection of zymosan induced significant IL-1 release into the peritoneal exudate. The level peaked at 4h and by 24h dropped below the detection limit in both assays. The effects of the prototypical antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin (IND) and dexamethasone (DEX) and that of IX 207-887, a compound which has been reported to interfere primarily with IL-1 production, were also tested. DEX and IX 207-887 dose-dependently decreased the immunoassayable IL-1α level and the IL-1 like bioactivity as well. However, IND had no suppressant effect. Thus, the data obtained by immunoassay and bioassay correlated well proving the suitability of zymosan peritonitis model for the examination of IL-1 production in experimental inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782977
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-terminal fragment (residues 61–91) ofβ-lipotropin: Is it the natural opiate-like neurohormon of the brain? (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 54-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The C-terminal fragment of porcine β-lipotropin (residues 61–91) has a very strong analgesic activity in vivo in rats. It is 20 times more potent than morphine if administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats. Its effect could be antagonized by naloxone. Presumably it is a natural opiate-like neurohormon of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01936751
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of conflicting unconditioned reflexes on serum cholesterol level in the rat (1968)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 801-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einmalige nervöse Belastung führte zur Abnahme des Serumcholesterinspiegels, die durch Methimazol-Dosierung behoben werden konnte. Nach mehrmaligen Belastungen erfolgte eine Zunahme des Serum-Cholesterin-, bzw. -Corticosteronspiegels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144878
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new assay for antiphlogistic activity: Zymosan-induced mouse ear inflammation (1993)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 39 (1993), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new model of local inflammation has been developed: intradermal zymosan-induced mouse ear edema. The symptoms of inflammation induced by injecting zymosan into one of the ears were followed up for 72 h. The ear edema and the local accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes' (PMN) marker enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), were determined. Edema peaked at 4–6 h, while MPO activity peaked at 24 h after zymosan application. The correlation between inflammatory response and concentration of zymosan was also tested. Of the various concentrations tested, 1% suspension has been found optimal. Anti-inflammatory drugs and mediator antagonists were examined in order to establish the selectivity and sensitivity of the assay. A glucocorticoid (dexamethasone), two cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, piroxicam) and an interleukin-1 (IL-1) release inhibitor (IX 207-887, Sandoz) all reduced edema and MPO activity as well. However, a lipoxygenase inhibitor (phenidone), a serotonin receptor antagonist (methylsergide) and H1 and H2 receptor antagonists (clemastine and cimetidine, respectively) all failed to inhibit the reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01998966
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study on analgesic effect of Met 5 -enkephalin and related lipotropin fragments (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 263 (1976), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Met5.-eifltephalin was synthesised as described previously5. LPH-(61?79)-peptide was obtained by plasmin cleavage of porcine ?-LPH13,17. LPH-(61?91)-peptide was isolated from a crude adrenocorticotropic hormone preparation by high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 6.5 (ref. 9). The in vitro ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/263240a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of apomorphine on the antinociceptive activity of morphine (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 53 (1977), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Apomorphine ; Analgesia ; Dopaminergic receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apomorphine pretreatment potentiated the analgesic effect of morphine in a dose-dependent manner both in rats and in mice measured by five different tests (writhing, hot plate, inflamed foot, tail-pinch and tail-flick procedures). Furthermore, apomorphine augmented the antinociceptive activity of morphine in tolerant animals as well. In morphine dependent mice the nalorphine precipitated jumping—a withdrawal symptom—was found inhibited by apomorphine treatment. The results are discussed in the light of the numerous but contradictory data available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426695
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species differences in the relative analgesic potencies of some classical opiates and opioid peptides (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 82 (1984), S. 400-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opiates ; Opioid peptides ; Enkephalin analogues ; β-Endorphin ; Analgesia ; Species differences ; Morphine ; d-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide ; Rat ; Mouse ; Opiate receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The analgesic ED50 values of some classical morphine congeners (morphine, methadone, fentanyl, azidomorphine) in the rat and mouse tail-flick tests were found to be similar. However, several synthetic derivatives of the natural enkephalins were more potent in mice than in rats. (These analogs contain d-amino acid in position 2 and d- or l-sulfonic (or phosphonic) acid residue in position 5). β-Endorpin, d-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide and two partial agonists showed intermediate interspecies relative potencies. According to the data obtained, similar opiate receptors might mediate the analgesic action of classical opiates in rats and in mice. However, the opiate receptors responsible for the antinociceptive effects of the above mentioned enkephalin analogues must be dissimilar in the two species examined. The results are discussed in terms of the role of μ- and δ-receptors in mediation of the analgesic effect induced by different types of opioids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427694
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of methysergide, bromocriptine and naloxone on prolactin, growth hormone and TSH release induced by d-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide in man (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid peptides ; d-Met2,Pro5-enkephalina-mide ; Prolactin ; Growth hormone ; TSH ; Methysergide ; Bromocriptine ; Dopaminergic agonists ; Serotonergic antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract d-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide (EA) 10 mg, given SC, induced a dramatic rise in serum prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) levels in healthy male volunteers. The TSH content was also moderately elevated. Naloxone 0.8 mg administered IV abolished these effects. Bromocriptine 2.5 mg given per os also antagonized EA-induced PRL and TSH release but potentiated the GH surge. Methysergide 2.0 mg administered orally partially reversed EA-elicited PRL release, further augmented GH liberation and did not modify TSH output. The data indicate that inhibition of the dopaminergic tone and/or activation of certain serotonergic mechanisms play an important role in the EA-induced release of PRL and TSH. However, primarily other neurotransmitters might mediate the GH liberation elicited by this opioid peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180834
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide on pain tolerance and some cognitive functions in man (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opiates ; Opioid peptides ; Enkephalin analogue ; Pain threshold ; Pain tolerance ; Cognitive functions ; Memory ; Attention ; D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects ofd-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide (EA) on pain tolerance and some cognitive functions have been examined in healthy male volunteers. Dihydrocodeine (DC) was used as reference substance. Applying the submaximum effort tourniquet technique EA (10 mg SC) was found to elevate the pain threshold similarly to DC (20 mg SC). Neither DC nor EA impaired the performance in the symbol cancellation test, which quantitates the intensity of attention. In this assay rather a slight improvement was detected. In addition the short-term memory performance (Wechsler test) was also improved by EA and DC. No alteration was seen in the word fluency test, an indicator of long-term (semantic) memory. The data show that EA not only improves pain tolerance but some of its mental effects are similar to those of a classical morphine congener DC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02412112
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