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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidentally discovered pheochromocytoma in long-term hemodialysis patients (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 9 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two cases of pheochromocytoma incidentally discovered in long-term hemodialysis patients are reported. Case 1 was a 47-year-old-man who had been receiving hemodialysis for 18 years. Case 2 was a 33-year-old woman who had been receiving hemodialysis for 12 years. Both cases were normotensive, and no specific symptoms suggesting pheochromocytoma were seen. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels were not elevated in both cases; however, the level of epinephrine (E) was double the normal range in Case 2. After surgery, plasma E level returned to the normal range in Case 2; however, the level of NE remained almost the same as the preoperative value in both cases. Plasma catecolamine levels in long-term hemodialysis patients with pheochromocytoma are reviewed in the present report, and the efficacy of imaging methods in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00553.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic factors for survival and bladder recurrence in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Prognostic factors for survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract have been extensively evaluated, but detailed analyses of patterns of bladder recurrence after surgery have been rare.Methods: The outcome and tumor recurrence of 93 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract surgically treated between 1975 and 1999 were reviewed, retrospectively. Disease-specific survival by pathologic stage and grade were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors for survival and bladder recurrence were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The 5-year disease-specific survival rates of the patients with pTa, T1 and T2 were 92.9%, 100% and 88.9%, respectively. However, that of the pT3 patients was 61.9% and the median survival of the pT4 cases was only 7 months. Bladder recurrence was seen in 40 cases and recurrences occurred within 1 year in 32 of these patients. The stage and grade of metachronous bladder tumors usually resembled those of primary tumors, but invasive recurrences were seen in 19% of recurrent cases with primary pTa, pT1 tumors. The significant prognostic factor for survival was pathologic stage (pT3, pT4), but no significant variables were detected for bladder recurrence by multivariate analysis.Conclusions: The prognosis of pT3, pT4 patients is poor and effective systemic adjuvant therapy is necessary. Invasive bladder recurrence occurred in 19% of patients with superficial primary tumors. As no significant prognostic variables for bladder recurrence were identified, careful follow up for bladder recurrence is important even if the primary tumors are non-invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00315.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment and Characterization of a New Human Testicular Seminoma Cell Line, JKT-1 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 5 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: A new human testicular cancer cell line (JKT-1) was established, successfully transplanted into nude mice, and has been maintained for over 2 years. We examined the biological characteristics of JKT-1 cells. Methods: The original material for JKT-1 was derived from a primary lesion of a left testicular seminoma (pure, typical-type) from a 40-year-old male. The tumor tissue was minced and cultured according to the explant culture method. The cells grew as a monolayer with a doubling time of 28.5 hours. Results: JKT-1 produced neither alpha-fetoprotein or β-human chorionic gonadotropin, but showed strong immunoreactivities for vimentin and placental alkaline phosphatase. A chromosomal analysis revealed a modal number of 66 with loss of the Y chromosome. Morphologically, JKT-1 cells have a pleomorphic polygonal shape, an increase in the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, and poor development of organelle and desmosome-like cell-cell junctions. JKT-1 cells were subcutaneously transplanted into the backs of 6-week-old nude mice, and grew classical seminomatous tissue. Conclusion: This report profiled a seminoma cell line established for both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Future studies are planned to investigate germ cells using this seminoma line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00604.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonfunctioning Adrenal Cortical Cancer and Analysis of the Steroidogenic Activity of the Tumor: A Case Report (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 5 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An adrenocortical cancer was detected by a CT scan in a 37-year-old woman, which did not have an excessive secretion of steroids or catecholamines. The tumor was enhanced inhomogeneously by the bolus injection of contrast medium, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the tumor was hypointense compared to the liver on a T1-weighted image and was diffusely hyperintense on a T2-weighted image. Histologically, the tumor consisted predominantly of compact cells with marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, but no capsular or vascular invasion were observed. An analysis of the steroidogenic activity of the tumor revealed that the activity of mitochondrial P450c11j8 was extremely reduced in the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00270.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preclinical Cushing’s syndrome: Report of seven cases and a review of the literature (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Adrenal adenomas showing autonomous cortisol secretion without specific endocrine symptoms are sometimes discovered in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. This entity has been described as subclinical or preclinical Cushing’s syndrome (PCS), but the endocrine data of reported cases have varied and the diagnostic criteria of PCS have been uncertain. Methods : We report seven Japanese cases of PCS due to a unilateral, solitary adrenal adenoma with examination of the endocrine data of these patients. The diagnostic parameters of subtle hypercortisolism and the risk of postoperative adrenal insufficiency and surgical indications are discussed and reviewed. Results : In the present cases, the most frequently found biochemical parameters of autonomous cortisol secretion were a low adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level (100%) and insufficient suppression of cortisol by low-dose dexamethasone (85.7%). Unilateral accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in tumors was also frequently observed (100%). A postoperative hydrocortisone supplement was given to six of the seven patients for 5–122 days. It was not given to case 4, because a moderate response of 11-deoxycortisol to metyrapone was identified. Plasma ACTH levels and the diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol rapidly recovered within 3 weeks postoperatively in six of the seven cases. Conclusion : This entity is heterogeneous and various degrees of cortisol excess have been observed. It should be diagnosed in the wide spectrum and the risk of adrenal insufficiency after surgery should be evaluated by dynamic tests such as the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test. Based on the results of the present study and a review of the literature, PCS patients may not require hydrocortisone supplement therapy for a long period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00154.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of preoperative donation of autologous blood in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 9 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) has resulted in substantial blood loss and the frequent need for homologous blood transfusion. In this study, the efficacy of autologous blood transfusion, from medical and financial perspectives, was evaluated in patients undergoing RRP. Methods: Between 1994 and 2000, 80 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent RRP in our institute. Based on informed consent, preoperative donation of autologous blood (PDA) was performed in 65 out of 80 patienets. Four or six units were donated during the first 3 years; however, donation units were reduced to a maximum of 4 units since 1997 onwards. The discard rate of donated blood and frequency of homologous transfusion were examined. Changes of hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels through donation and surgery and important factors that may affect postoperative levels of Ht and Hb were evaluated in 56 patients receiving 4-unit donations. Results: Overall, 2 or 4 units of donated blood were discarded in four patients and homologous transfusion was required in two patients. In 56 patients receiving 4-unit donation, the mean Ht level at predonation was 43.3%. Following donation, this decreased to 35.7%. The administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) relieved declining Ht levels following donation, but changes in Ht levels after surgery were minor. Important factors related to postoperative decline of Ht and Hb levels were operative time and blood loss. Conclusions: The program of 4-unit PDA can be performed safely without rHuEpo injection, and it is useful to reduce the risk of requiring homologous transfusion. However, more efficient programs to relieve patient burden and to reduce medical cost are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00454.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of postoperative vomiting with granisetron in paediatric patients with and without a history of motion sickness (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A history of motion sickness is one of the patient-related factors associated with postoperative emesis. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for preventing postoperative vomiting after tonsillectomy in 120 children with (n=60) and without (n=60) a history of motion sickness. Patients received a single dose of granisetron (40 μg·kg−1) or placebo (saline) (n=30 of each) intravenously after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no vomiting, no retching and no need for another rescue medication, during the first 24 h after anaesthesia was 77% and 13% in patients with a history of motion sickness who had received granisetron or placebo, respectively; the corresponding incidence was 83% and 40% in those without it (P〈 0.05; χ2 test with Yates’ continuity correction). No clinically serious adverse effects due to the study drug were observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, prophylactic antiemetic therapy with granisetron is effective for preventing postoperative emesis in children with a history of motion sickness as well as in those without it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1999.00414.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination of granisetron and droperidol for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of granisetron plus droperidol with each antiemetic alone for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery. In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial, 120 ASA physical status I children, aged 4–10 years, received granisetron 40 μg.kg− 1, droperidol 50 μg.kg− 1, granisetron 40 μg.kg− 1 plus droperidol 50 μg.kg− 1 (n=40 of each) intravenously after an inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no vomiting, no retching and no need for another rescue antiemetic medication, during 0–3 h after anaesthesia was 80% with granisetron, 45% with droperidol and 98% with granisetron plus droperidol, respectively; the corresponding incidence during 3–24 h after anaesthesia was 78%, 38% and 98% (P〈 0.05; overall chi-squared test with Yates continuity correction). No clinically important adverse events were observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, a combination of granisetron and droperidol was more effective than granisetron or droperidol as a sole antiemetic for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1999.00376.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic therapy with granisetron in the prevention of vomiting after paediatric surgery. A randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol and metoclopramide (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 8 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The antiemetic efficacy of droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron was compared with placebo in the reduction of vomiting after paediatric surgery (the extremities; inguinal hernia; and phimosis) during general inhalational anaesthesia. One hundred children, ASA physical status I, 4–10 years of age, were enrolled in a prospectively, randomized, double-blind investigation and assigned to one of four treatment regimens: placebo (saline, n=25), droperidol (50 μg·kg1, n=25), metoclopramide (0.25 mg·kg-1, n=25) or granisetron (40 μg·kg-1, n=25). These drugs were administered intravenously (iv) after inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, occurred in 60%, 76%, 68% and 88% of patients who had received placebo, droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron, respectively (P〈0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). The incidence of adverse events postoperatively was not different among the treatment groups. In conclusion, granisetron 40 μg·kg-1 is a better antiemetic than droperidol and metoclopramide when compared to placebo for the prevention of postoperative emesis in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1998.00761.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pretreatment with oral clonidine attenuates cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation in children (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 10 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of diazepam and clonidine orally given preoperatively on cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation in children. Fifty children, ASA physical status I, aged 4–10 years, undergoing minor elective surgery (inguinal hernia, phimosis) received orally, in a randomized, double-blind manner, diazepam 0.4 mg·kg−1 or clonidine 4 μg·kg−1 (n=25 of each). These drugs were administered 105 min before an inhalational induction of anaesthesia. The same standard general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. The maximum changes in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were less in patients who had received clonidine than in those who had received diazepam (HR, 12 vs 24; SBP, 14 vs 26; DBP, 9 vs 16; mean, P 〈 0.05). In conclusion, compared to diazepam given orally, pretreatment with oral clonidine attenuates haemodynamic changes associated with tracheal extubation in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00441.x
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