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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of coeliac disease in diabetic children and adolescents (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Coeliac disease ; Diabetes mellitus type I ; Antigliadin antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Screening for coeliac disease (CD) with serum antigliadin antibodies (AGA) was performed in 1032 diabetic children and adolescents. In 8 children CD had been diagnosed before study entry. Of the remaining 1024 children, 33 had an elevated AGA titre in the first serum sample. On follow-up an elevated AGA titre was confirmed in only 17 of 31 patients. Nine of the repeatedly positive patients underwent jejunal biopsy, and CD was diagnosed in two asymptomatic patients; both were positive for IgG- and IgA-AGA. Among 10 AGA-positive patients in whom biopsies could not be performed, only 1 showed IgA-AGA and thus carried a high risk for CD. From our results we estimate a prevalence of CD in Swiss and German diabetic children between 1.1% and 1.3%. Falsepositive AGA titres occurred significantly more often in patients with diabetes duration of less than 1 year. AGA testing teached a specificity of 99% if performed at least 1 year after the onset of diabetes. Children suffering from both diabetes and CD showed a diabetes manifestation at a significantly younger age than non-coeliac patients, whereas CD tended to be diagnosed at a remarkably late age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445915
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of height and weight in children with diabetes mellitus: Report on two prospective multicentre studies, one cross-sectional, one longitudinal (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Growth ; Height ; Weight ; Metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Optimal regimen for insulin therapy should lead to normal longitudinal growth and weight gain in children with diabetes mellitus. However, reports published so far indicate that this goal of paediatric diabetology is currently not achieved in a considerable number of patients. In a cross-sectional sample of 89 children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for more than 3 years, we found the relation of height to weight to be significantly different compared to 102 healthy school children of similar age. Using bivariate analysis, body shape in these children with diabetes was shifted towards small and obese (P〈0.05) compared to control children. We subsequently initiated a longitudinal study and followed children from the onset of diabetes for the following 3 years, recording height, weight and bone age as well as glycosylated haemoglobin and daily insulin requirement. At diagnosis, height SDS was identical in children with IDDM (+0.04±0.10) compared to control children (−0.07±0.10; M±SE), while weight SDS was −0.26±0.10 in children with diabetes (controls: +0.01±0.1). Bone age was identically retarded in newly diagnosed IDDM children (−0.73±0.12 SDS) and in our control group of children from the same regional background (−0.50±0.12; n.s.). In this group of children with diabetes mellitus followed prospectively, height to weight relationship differed from controls after 2 and after 3 years of the disease (P〈0.05). At 2 years, body size in children with diabetes was shifted towards taller and heavier compared to controls, while at 3 years, the relation of height to weight was even more abnormal with increased obesity but a reduction of standardized height. This is the same relation encountered in the cross-sectional sample of children with a duration of diabetes beyond 3 years. These data demonstrate that even modern insulin therapy does not guarantee normal development of height and weight in children with IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of glucose, tolbutamide, and arginine on C-peptide release during remission in type I diabetes mellitus (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 140 (1983), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Insulin dependent diabetes ; Remission ; Glucose ; Tolbutamide ; Arginine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The insulin secretory capacity was examined in diabetic children at the time of partial clinical remission during which their condition could be managed with low insulin therapy (〈0.5 U insulin/kg body weight) and no urinary glucose excretion. The extent of the residual beta cell function in 26 children was assessed either by an i.v. arginine test, a combined i.v. glucose-i.v. arginine test, a combined i.v. tolbutamide-i.v. arginine test, or a combined oral glucose-i.v. arginine test determining the C-peptide response by calculating the area under the curve above baseline levels. Two of the children were tested repeatedly. Under the above conditions i.v. glucose and i.v. tolbutamide did not release C-peptide in diabetic children. In contrast, C-peptide secretion during arginine infusion following i.v. glucose or i.v. tolbutamide was siginficantly enhanced compared to the C-peptide secretion observed during arginine infusion alone. The C-peptide response to oral glucose was sluggish with no effect on the following arginine infusion. The results indicate that during remission in juvenile onset diabetes i.v. glucose and i.v. tolbutamide without themselves being an appropriate signal for C-peptide release amplify the response to a subsequent arginine infusion under appropriate conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442670
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of paediatric Lyme arthritis using a clinical score (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 304-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Lyme arthritis ; Diagnosis ; Clinical score
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis of Lyme arthritis (LA) in children and adolescents may be difficult due to non-specific clinical manifestations and unreliable serological tests for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. In a national prospective study, 186 children with arthritis were examined in whom the attending physicians had considered the diagnosis of LA. Ultimately, LA was confirmed in 87 patients and these were compared with the remaining 99 children in whom arthritis was attributable to other causes. In comparison to patients with other causes of arthritis, patients with LA had a higher frequency of episodic arthritis and initial knee joint arthritis, reported tick bites more frequently, were older, had a lower frequency of initial arthralgias, and there were fewer large joints involved. A score was developed in a group of these patients and tested in a second group. It enabled patients with LA to be distinguished from those with other causes of arthritis: within a range from 12 to −7 points, a score of 2.5 or less excluded LA whereas 6 or more points were highly indicative of LA. If only those children with a score result between 2.5 and 6 had been tested for antibodies to B. burgdorferi, the number of tests would have been reduced by 63%. Conclusion Careful analysis of clinical presentation and use of a clinical score may help in distinguishing LA from other causes of arthritis and thus reduce unnecessary and expensive testing and uninterpretable test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050816
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silver nanoparticles on graphite studied by femtosecond time-resolved multiphoton photoemission (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 5428-5434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved multiphoton photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to study collective excitations and their decay dynamics in silver nanoparticles on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Resonant excitation of the surface plasmon in the silver nanoparticles with 400 nm femtosecond radiation allows to distinguish between photoemission from the nanoparticles and the substrate. This extends the method of time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy to inhomogeneous surfaces and permits to probe the dynamics of a confined electron gas. The multiphoton photoelectron spectra, the polarization dependence of the photoelectron yield and the time-resolved measurements reveal the double excitation of the surface plasmon and allow the identification of two different decay channels of the collective excitation. The multiply excited plasmon transfers its total excitation energy to a single photoelectron or decays into at least two single-particle excitations which share the total energy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481127
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond laser assisted scanning tunneling microscopy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4851-4859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The excitation of the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope using ultrashort laser pulses combined with detection of a tunneling current component which depends nonlinearly on the laser intensity allows, in principle, to simultaneously obtain ultimate spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this goal, a laser system that produces ultrashort laser pulses is combined with an ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope. The basic technical considerations are discussed and it is shown that atomic resolution can be achieved under pulsed laser excitation of the tunneling junction. The pulsed illumination gives rise to several contributions to the measured total current. Experimental evidence for signal contributions due to thermal expansion, transient surface potentials and multiphoton photoemission are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290706
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects in pulsed laser assisted scanning tunneling microscopy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2574-2580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal response of a tunneling tip after illumination of the apex with an ultrashort laser pulse of 1 ps duration is investigated. The finite element method is applied to calculate the resulting time-dependent temperature distribution and the thermal expansion taking into account the elastic properties of the tip material. The calculation reveals the three-dimensional movement of the tip apex. The expansion of the tip occurs within a few nanoseconds and after 10 μs the tip has almost reached its original length again. The bending of the tip due to the asymmetric illumination of the tip occurs on the same time scale and is of the same order of magnitude as the axial expansion. Under tunneling conditions the absolute magnitude of the expansion can lead to the formation of nanocontacts. This accounts for the laser induced nanostructuring of surfaces that has been reported in literature. The application of the thermal expansion as a fast switch for the tunneling current is proposed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372221
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instantaneous crystalline annihilation during normal grain growth in aluminum thin films (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 5331-5334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The process of normal grain growth in unsupported thin aluminum film was studied in situ by heating the specimen during inspection in the transmission electron microscope. The growth mechanism was found to involve the instantaneous annihilation of a grain as a whole and its consumption by neighboring grains. This elementary process occurs in a time interval shorter than 0.04 s (the video camera time lag between two successive exposures), and it cannot be explained in terms of grain-boundary self-diffusion. Often the annihilation of a grain is followed by a cascade of similar events in its immediate neighborhood. It is possible that long-wave instabilities at the grain boundary grow through a critical stage in which the topological stability of the boundary is destroyed, yielding the spontaneous growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340398
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron tunneling in femtosecond laser-assisted scanning tunneling microscopy (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy with femtosecond laser spectroscopy yields simultaneously ultimate spatial and temporal resolution. One possibility to realize this combination is the direct excitation of the tunnel junction in a pump–probe configuration and the detection of a tunnel current component that depends nonlinearly on the laser intensity. The laser-induced signal is expected to be very small, therefore a suitable sample material and a modulation technique is required. In measurements on a GaP(100) surface evidence for tunneling of hot electrons is obtained giving the possibility for local time-resolved tunneling spectroscopy. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491280
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature adduct formation of trimethylgallium and ammonia (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High temperature gas phase reactions between trimethylgallium (TMG) and ammonia were studied by means of in situ mass spectroscopy in an isothermal flow tube reactor. The temperature, pressure, and reaction time were chosen to emulate the gas phase environment typical of the metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of GaN. The main gas phase species is [(CH 3)2Ga:NH2]x, where most probably x=3, resulting from the very fast adduct formation followed by elimination of methane. The further gas phase decomposition of this species proceeds through the stepwise elimination of methane. These studies indicate that little TMG exists within the growth ambient under most MOVPE growth conditions. The further gas phase reaction of [(CH3)2Ga:NH 2]x may be responsible for the strong dependence of the MOVPE GaN growth rate and uniformity commonly observed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118117
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