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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unanswered and uncounted items of the illness behavior questionnaire count: a comparison between patients who answered all the items in the questionnaire and those who left one or more items unanswered in a pain management program (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 14 (2000), S. 180-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Key words Pain behavior ; Pain management ; Chronic pain ; Questionnaire ; IBQ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. This study aimed to understand the significance of unanswered and uncounted items on the illness behavior questionnaire (IBQ) in the setting of the Mayo Clinic pain management program for patients with chronic pain. Methods. Three hundred and seventy-eight patients who completed the questionnaire were studied. The data included (1) age, (2) IQs, (3) IBQ score profiles, (4) litigation status, (5) admission status (inpatient vs outpatient), and (6) dismissal status ("graduates" vs "dropouts"). Results. Comparison between patients who answered all the items (n = 272) and those who left one or more items unanswered (n = 106) showed a significant difference in the completion rate of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (P 〈 0.05), Scale 5 (affective disturbance) score (P 〈 0.05), and the rate of dropout from the program (P 〈 0.05). Also, those who dropped out of the pain management program had a significantly lower score on Scale 5 (P 〈 0.001) and a significantly greater number of unanswered items that were not counted toward the scale score (P 〈 0.05). Conclusion. Unanswered and uncounted items of the IBQ seem to count toward a better understanding of patients' pain behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005400070002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of acetazolamide-induced increase in organ blood flow in rabbits by laser flowmetry (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 11 (1997), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Organ blood flow ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ; Acetazolamide ; Laser flowmeter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose We investigated the mechanism by which inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) increases organ blood flow. Methods Regional blood flow (rBF) in white rabbits anesthetized with ketamine/urethane was measured in the kidney, liver, stomach wall, and abdominal muscle by means of laser blood flow probes. Data obtained from rabbits receiving acetazolamide (AZ) to inhibit CA were compared with those obtained from rabbits ventilated with air containing increased concentrations of CO2. Results Systolic blood pressure, body temperature, hemoglobin, and base excess were unaffected by either treatment. Inhalation of CO2 increased blood flow in all organs tested as well as the cardiac output and PCO2 but decreased pH. Inhibition of CA by AZ administration increased the rBF only in the liver and kidney and did not increase cardiac output or decrease pH. Conclusion Administration of AZ increased rBF in the tissues and organs that contained large amounts of CA without increasing the cardiac output or decreasing the pH, which suggests a direct local effect. A differential sensitivity to the retention of CO2 is suggested as a possible mechanism of the selectivity of the increase in rBF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02480036
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k, and calretinin in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following unilateral hindpaw inflammation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 10 (1996), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Calbindin D-28k ; Calretinin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of noxious stimulation on the immunore-activity of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin-D-28k (CB) and calretinin (CR) was investigated in the superficial dorsal horn of lumbar levels L5-L3 of the rat spinal cord. Freund's adjuvant was injected unilaterally into the hindpaw to induce inflammation. Immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to investigate changes in the calcium-binding proteins 2h and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after injection. At 24h after injection, a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence of PV-immunoreactive (IR) fibers was observed in the superficial layer (substantia gelatinosa) of the ipsilateral dorsal horn (L5-L3) in most animals. Comparatively fewer animals exhibited changes in the CB- and CR-IR fibers, except at the L3 level 2 days after, and at the L4 level 7 days after the hindpaw injection. After the peak response, at 24h in most animals, there was a decline in the number of responders at 2 days and no differences were noted at 4 days. However, at 7 days, there was again an increase in the number of animals revealing diminished fluorescence intensity in the ipsilateral substantia gelatinosa. Changes in immunoreactivity of calcium binding proteins in the interneurons of the superficial lumbar dorsal horn may reflect hyperactivity within these neurons following noxious stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471393
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-operative blood pressure control by prostaglandin E1 in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 7 (1993), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Prostaglandin E1 ; Deliberate hypotension ; Intra-operative hypertension ; Ischemic heart disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this multi-center study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administration in achieving deliberate hypotension and in treating intraoperative hypertension for patients with a history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. PGE1 (0.08 µg·kg−1·min−1) decreased systolic blood pressure from 125 ± 29 to 106 ± 22 mmHg (mean ± SD) in the deliberate hypotension group (n = 158) and from 155 ± 34 to 125 ± 32 mmHg in the antihypertension group (n = 55). The heart rate significantly increased from 80 ± 15 to 85 ± 18 beats·min−1 in the deliberate hypotension group, but was not significantly altered in the antihypertension group. The time required to obtain the desired level of blood pressure was approximately 20 min in the deliberate hypotension group. When the infusion was stopped, blood pressure returned approximately to the preinfusion level within about 20 min. No rebound hypertension was observed. PGE1 significantly increased the urine flow in patients who had a low urine flow before PGE1 infusion. Thirteen out of 213 patients (5.6%) had side effects such as excessive hypotension (1%), phlebitis (3%), and unexpected tachycardia (1%), which were alleviated gradually after discontinuation of PGE1 infusion. No dysarrhythmia and further ST segment changes in the electrocardiograms were observed. These findings suggest that PGE1 can be safely used to control arterial blood pressure during surgery in patients having preoperative hypertension and ischemic heart disease. (Hoka S, Yoshitake J, Dan K, et al.: Intra-operative blood pressure control by prostaglandin E1 in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease. A multi-center study. J Anesth 7: 173–183, 1993)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054030070173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inhalation anesthetics on swimming activity of artemia salina (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 5 (1991), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Inhalation anesthetics ; Artemia salina ; Motility ; Video monitoring ; Cooperativity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The swimming movement of artemia salina in the artificial sea water was measured by using the video camera system in the absence and presence of anesthetics, i.e. enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane. The movement of artemia looked random at a glance but the obtained distribution curve for the swimming speed was skewed toward the high speed side somewhat resembling a Maxwellian distribution curve seen in the statistics of ideal gases. When anesthetic were added, the distribution curve became sharpened and shifted to the low speed side, which is similar to a behavior of ideal gasses when they are cooled down. The mean swimming-speed was decreased eventually leading to an irreversible death with increasing the anesthetic dose. The activity was analyzed by using the hydrodynamic equation. The ED50, which is a dose that causes a 50% reduction in the activity, of all anesthetics used in this study was quite similar to the MAC values for human. It was also suggested that an interaction between anesthetics and artemia was highly cooperative since the larger Hill coefficients were obtained for all three anesthetics used. (Takasaki T, Tatara T, Suezaki Y, et al.: Effect of inhalation anesthetics on swimming activity of artemia salina. J Anesth 5: 287–293, 1991)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054010050287
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidural block for treatment of intestinal obstruction (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 7 (1993), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Intestinal obstruction ; Epidural block ; Neostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Seventy patients with intestinal obstruction were managed with usual conservative treatments and epidural anesthesia to block splanchnic and somatic nervous systems, for nine years from 1981 to 1990. Improvement of clinical symptoms and general conditions was accomplished in 48 patients (68.6%). In these 48 patients, 41 patients (58.6%) had complete remission of intestinal obstruction, showing flatus in 8.3 hours on an average, but seven (10.0%) had incomplete remission. For these seven, after improvements of their clinical symptoms, elective radical operations were performed within three weeks. In 22 (31.4%) patients whose symptoms were not improved at all with the epidural block, emergency exploratory celiotomies were performed, 15.4 hours on an average after the initial epidural block. Indications for surgical intervention of intestinal obstruction were decided by the absent movement of gas in the bowel in a series of plain X-rays. The effectiveness of the epidural block on the motility of the obstructed intestinal loop was experimentally confirmed in monkeys. We suggested that the epidural block, accompanied with usual conservative treatments, be recommended as the initial treatment for intestinal obstruction. (Nomoto Y, Hirose T, Harano K, et al.: Epidural block for treatment of intestinal obstruction—clinical and experimental studies—. J Anesth 7: 267–275, 1993)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054030070267
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetazolamide-induced increase in blood flow to rabbit organs is confirmed using colored microspheres (1998)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 13 (1998), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Microspheres ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Acetazolamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity have been found to increase blood and organPCO2 and to increase blood flow (BF) in individual organs. To determine whether carbonic anhydrase inhibition coordinately induces an increase in BF in several organs, we assayed the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ), on BF in rabbit organs using the colored microsphere (CM) assay. Eight female white rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine and urethane, and administered three sequential doses of 4 mg/kg AZ. After each dose, the rabbits were injected with 9 × 105 CMs of different colors, and arterial blood was collected. We found that AZ had no effect on blood pressure, body temperature, hemoglobin conentration, orPaCO2. In contrast, 12 mg/kg AZ significantly increasedPaO2 and significantly decreased base excess. When we measured organ BF, we observed, in response to 12 mg/kg AZ, an 82% increase in brain BF and a 55% increase in kidney BF, but no change in BF of the liver, stomach wall, or abdominal muscle. These findings suggest that the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity by AZ, which decreases the rate of CO2 conversion to HCO 3 - , causes the retention of CO2 in tissues and organs, and thus increases BF in specific organs. Administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as AZ, may increase BF to the brain and kidney without reducingPaO2, thereby increasing the supply of oxygen in conditions involving hypoxia such as ischemia and shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744588
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