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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur des perifokalen und histotoxischen Hirnödems bei der Ratte (1962)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 1 (1962), S. 519-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It was possible neither in the experimental series with perifocal brain oedema, nor with rats poisoned with thiophene, to obtain data which support the old assumption — inferred from macroscopic findings and from conventional histology — of the secondary widening of virtual fluid and tissue spaces in brain oedema. Both types of oedema are caused by hydration of astrocytes which can arise either from the vessels or from the parenchyma. The features known from light microscopy as „opening of glial chambers of Held” were explained by electron microscopy to be hydrops of pericapillary astrocyte pedicles, the status spongiosus was shown to be generalized progressive glial hydrops. In the layer of Purkinje cells the Bergmann glial cells take over the function of the astrocytes. The width of the intercellular space also remains unaffected in the oedematous zone.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Weder bei der Versuchsreihe mit perifokalem. Hirnödem noch bei den mit Thiophen vergifteten Ratten haben wir Befunde erheben können, welche die alte, aus dem makroskopischen Aspekt und der konventionellen Histologie abgeleitete Vorstellung einer sekundären Entfaltung originärer Saft- und Gewebslücken beim Hirnödem stützen. Beiden Ödemformen liegt eine Einwässerung in die Astrocyten zugrunde, welche sowohl von den Gefäßen her wie auch aus dem Parenchym erfolgen kann. Die aus der Lichtmikroskopie als „Entfaltung der Heldschen Gliakammern” bekannten Bilder erklären sich elektronenmikroskopisch als Hydrops der pericapillären Astrocytenfüße, der „Status spongiosus” als generalisierter, fortgeschrittener Gliahydrops1. In der Purkinje-Zellschicht übernimmt die Bergmannsche Glia diese Funktion der Astrocyten. Die Weite der Intercellularfugen bleibt auch in der Ödemzone unbeeinflußt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanosis Cerebelli (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanosis of the dentate nucleus ; Glial melanin ; Ultrastructure ; Intrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pigment present in melanosis cerebelli where it is deposited in the dentate nucleus and within the cerebellar granular layer is similar to that of S. nigra as judged from the typical infrared absorption bands near wave numbers 3.450 cm−1 and 1.650 cm−1, respectively. According to electron microscopic findings, this type of melanin arises within the astrocytes of the dentate nucleus. The astrocytic melanosomes exhibit a relatively monotonous substructure reaching diameters of 30 μ and more, and they differ in this respect from the triadic neuronal melanosomes of S. nigra that are strongly reminiscent of lipofuscin granules. These differences may be due to additional components of melanosomes, apparently specific of a particular cell type, and they are in turn accounted for by the dissimilar cellular metabolic make-up of nigral cells and astrocytes, respectively. This does not dismiss the possibility, however, that the melanin pigments of either type of melanosomes are the same or closely related to each other as far as their basic chemical composition is concerned. The cause of the melanosis of the dentate nucleus is not known. Possibly involutional tissue changes governed by endocrine factors among others may play an important part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690847
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die sogenannten filamente in Lafora-Körperchen,Corpora amylacea und Bielschowsky-Körperchen (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Filaments ; Lafora-bodies ; Corpora amylacea ; Bielschowsky-bodies ; Amylopectine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both thecorpora amylacea and Lafora bodies have been described in the literature as filamentous structures. On electron microscopic examination they are often composed of ribbon-like fasciolar units. The ultrastructural appearance of these structures is discussed on the example of an amylopectin model. These fasciolar substructures are also encountered in Bielschowsky bodies and are then considered to be a sign of intracellular accumulation of dysmetabolic products. The histological and electron microscopical similarity ofcorpora amylacea, Lafora bodies and Bielschowsky bodies suggests that all these structures are an unspecific, nearly identical endproduct of various intracellular metabolic disturbances. The pathognomonic significance of these structures depends on their regional distribution: the commoncorpora amylacea occur predominantly in the astroglia, the Lafora bodies typical in the neurons and the Bielschowsky bodies are restricted to the neurons of the exterior pallidum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685967
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosekretorisches Ganglienzell-Choristom in der Adenohypophyse (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nerve-cell choristoma ; Dystopic neurosecretoric neurons ; Sella tumor ; Pituitary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report on a blastomatous dysgenesia (choristoma) with dystopic accumulation of neurosecretoric nerve-cells in the anterior lobe of hypophysis of a 65 years old woman without clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685150
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maligner Granularzelltumor des Großhirnmarkes (1975)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 32 (1975), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral Granular-Cell Tumor ; Abrikossoff's Tumor ; Nucleic Acids ; Polyploidy ; Protein Concentration ; Lipid Pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is a report of the second known case of a primary malignant granular-cell tumor of the cerebral hemispherical white matter. Two cell types may be distinguished apparently representing different developmental stages of otherwise identical tumor cells. Quantitative histochemical and biochemical studies have shown that tumor cells were containing markedly elevated levels of DNA and RNA. Only few ribosomes and polysomes could be detected, however, by electron microscopy. While cytophotometry disclosed only slightly elevated cytoplasmic proteins, there was a distinct increase in total protein concentration of tumor tissue per unit weight, as measured by conventional techniques. It is suggested that this increase is mainly attributable to structural proteins of cellular and subcellular elements of multiplicating malignant cells. A ratio of RNA to DNA in excess of 1 was found for white matter derived from the central tumor, while the ratios of control tissue were lowered to values far below one due to postmortem changes greatly reducing tissue concentrations of RNA. No detailed characterization of RNA was attempted. The nuclear DNA content of tumor cells reached values equivalent to chromosomal hexadekaploidy. This was in sharp contrast to control data from an Abrikossoff tumor of the oral cavity and from a neurohypophyseal tumorette (“choristoma”), respectively, displaying diploidy only associated with a much lesser increase of cytoplasmic RNA and proteins. Qualitative lipid studies were consistent with a marked active demyelination of the tumor centre as indicated by a severe reduction of cerebrosides and sulfatides and the presence of cholesterol esters. In addition there was a striking loss of phosphatidylethanolamine and a lesser one of sphingomyelin of white matter of both the tumor-stricken and the contralateral unaffected hemispherical regions, possibly suggesting a generally disturbed metabolism of myelin. It is not clear whether these general changes were resulting from the presence of the unilateral tumor or from precocious cerebral involution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689568
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronische infantile zentrale pontine Myelinolyse vom multifokalen Typ mit sekundären Capillarcalcinosen und Hypoxieschäden (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glialdystrophy ; Central pontine myelinolysis (multifocal type) ; Capillarcalcinosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study reports on a case of extremely chronic course of central pontine myelinolysis (multifocal type) with proliferation of glial fibres and asiderotic calcinosis of capillaries in a 2 8/12 years old girl. Since the first weeks of life there were observed periodic states of emesis, rumination and diarrhoe with hyperpyretic toxicosis, dehydration, exsiccosis, decrease in weight, cyanosis and decentralisation of circulation. Failure of drive, apathic states, statomotoric retardation, atonicastatic symptoms changing with extrapyramidal-pyramidal signs and loss of speech developed progressively since the eighth month. There were bilateral symmetrical lesions in the spinal cord, medulla, central grisea (without pallidum), cerebellum (without dentatum), and hippocampus. Glial fibres and intramural asiderotic calcinosis in the extracellular space of the vascular walls were only found in the burnt-out lesions, but not in the florid glialdystrophic demyelinated areas. The missing of Fe2+ in the concrements is caused by the youth of the patient. Besides the glial-dystrophic process there were fresh and old hypoxic foci in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. It is assumed, that this burnt-out process of the multifocal-lesion-type of central pontine myelinolysis was caused by the eminently chronic course of periodic states of emesis, diarrhoe, dehydration and exsiccosis, decrease of weight, hyperpyretic toxicosis and decentralisation of circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273265
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Melanin und Melanosomen im ZNS im Vergleich zu extracerebralen Erscheinungsformen und synthetischem Melanin aus Dopamin und Serotonin (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Melanin ; Melanosomes ; Ultrastructure ; Infrared spectrophotometry ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melanosomes and isolated melanosomal fragments (melanin particles) originating from gangliocytes (substantia nigra), astroglia (melanosis cerebelli), and melanocytes (melanotic meningeoma; metastases of melanoblastoma; melanosis thalami of the goat) were compared with synthetic melanins prepared from dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Samples were examined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis according to Debye-Scherrer and by infrared spectrophotometry, and the results were evaluated with regard to characteristic features as they may relate to specific cell types or chemical structures. On electron microscopy all three types of melanosomes could be differentiated unequivocally as could the two synthetic melanins. Thus, there were similarities between synthetic melanin from dopamine and the gliogenic melanins of the cerebellum; the synthetic melanin from serotonin resembled melanin of melanocytes. X-ray diffraction analysis yielded 2-4 Debye diffraction rings with all human and synthetic samples, suggesting short range orders between 3.8 to 5 Å the sample obtained from a goat with thalamic melanosis showed a specific reflex pattern. While diffraction patterns of some melanins were partially identical, in particular that of melanin from dopamine and melanin of substantia nigra and dentate nucleus, respectively, they were different for the various melanocytic melanins. Further investigations are required to determine whether these differences are due to disparities in basic chemical structures or conformations or else, to particular compositional features of the various types of melanocytes as they arise from benign or malignant tumors or a specific species. Infrared spectrophotometry at higher wave numbers revealed the well known patterns of melanins, which are not, however, very suitable, for their further differentiation. At lower wave numbers (‘fingerprinting’) melanin of substantia nigra and the glial melanin in melanosis cerebelli yielded additional absorption bands of identical configuration. In contrast to melanin from dopamine, melanin from serotonin exhibited a closely similar absorption pattern in this spectral range, suggesting that the neuroectodermal melanins may contain a component possibly arising from serotonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690518
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological feedback effect on the nucleoli of the neurons in the nucleus arcuatus (infundibularis) to hypophyseal hypogonadism in juvenile haemochromatosis (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Feedback ; Haemochromatosis ; Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ; Nucleus arcuatus tuberis ; Siderosis of the hypophysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Case report of a man of 22 with juvenile haemochromatosis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There is evidence of siderosis of the basophil cells of the hypophysis, atrophy of the testicles with disappearance of Leydig cells and alterations in the nucleoli of the neurones with enlargement, vacuolation and multiplication limited to the nucleus arcuatus tuberis. The nucleolar changes in this hypothalamic centre are interpreted as a feedback effect. They are comparable to matching alterations in the hypertrophy of the nucleus subventricularis (Sheehan and Kovács 1966) in post-partum hypopituitarism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688391
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hirnveränderungen nach Cyankalivergiftung mit protrahiertem (intervallärem) klinischem Verlauf (1962)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 1 (1962), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a 16-year-old patient who had survived 18 days after potassium cyanide poisoning, the following alterations were observed: Bilateral softening of the globus pallidus as far as the compound-granular cell phase, and, in the striatum of both sides and in the centrally-glaced cerebellar lobules, incomplete parenchymatous necroses with glial activity and capillary proliferation similar to the pseudoencephalitic syndrome. The pathogenesis of these changes is briefly discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 16 jährigen fanden sich nach, einer 18 Tage überlebten Cyankalivergiftung bilaterale Pallidumerweichungen im Fettkörnchenzellstadium und unvollständige Parenchymnekrosen mit Gliaaktiverung, und Capillarsprossung nach Art des pseudoencephalitischen Gewebesyndromes in beiden Striata und in den marknahen Kleinhirnläppchen. Die Genese der Veränderungen wird kurz erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687735
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wernickeschen Encephalopathie (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: B1-avitaminosis ; Spongy encephalopathy ; Postsynaptical swelling ; Blood-brain-barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gewebsveränderungen beim akut bis subakut ausgelösten experimentellen Wernicke-Syndrom der Taube und der Ratte sind gekennzeichnet durch eine primäre hydropische Schwellung gliöser und neuronaler Fortsätze im Neuropil. Eineinitiale Schädigung der Bluthirnschranke liegt offenbar nicht vor. In fortgeschrittenen Stadien kommt es zu einer spongiösen Nekrose mit Zusammenbruch des Gewebszusammenhanges und Markscheiden-degeneration. Im Gegensatz zu den mehr chronischen Versuchen vonCollins haben wir weder eindeutige Veränderungen der Capillarbasalmembran noch eine primäre spezifische Alteration gliöser Perikarien festgestellt. Nach unseren bisherigen autohistoradiographischen Untersuchungen fehlt auch eine wesentliche Gliazellproliferation in diesen akuten Stadien.
    Notes: Summary The tissue changes, in the experimentally produced acute and subacute Wernicke-syndrome in pigeons and in rats, are characterised by primary hydropic swelling of glial and neuronal cell processes. Apparently there is no initial disturbance of the blood brain barrier. The spongy necrosis with tissue breakdown and myelin degeneration occurs specially in the advanced stages of the lesion. We did not find any obvious damage of capillary basal membrane or the specific alteration of glial cell bodies as observed byCollins in his chronic stage of experiment. From our preliminary autohistoradiographic studies it can also be concluded that there is a lack of glial proliferation in the acute stage of experimental Wernickesyndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686732
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