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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1042-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin ; longitudinal ; clustering ; children ; adolescents ; serum lipoproteins ; blood pressure.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adults hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an atherogenic risk profile including obesity, low levels of HDL-cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides and elevated blood pressure. To examine these associations in the young we studied the cross-sectional relationships of insulin with obesity indices (body mass index, subscapular skinfold thickness), serum lipids and blood pressure in 1,865 children, adolescents and young adults aged 6–24 years. We also used longitudinal data to study the value of a single insulin measurement to predict high risk factor levels and clustering of multiple risk factors after a 6-year follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses the levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and obesity indices were usually significantly different across the quartiles of fasting insulin in both sexes among children, adolescents and young adults. In general, no associations were seen with total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. In prospective analysis elevated baseline insulin was related to the incidence of hypertriglyceridaemia (≥ 95th percentile) at the follow-up. This relationship persisted even after adjustments for baseline obesity or 6-year change in obesity status. Moreover, baseline insulin concentration was higher in subjects who subsequently showed clustering of high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure levels at the follow-up. We conclude that high fasting insulin levels measured in children and adolescents predict the development of hypertriglyceridaemia years later. In addition, high insulin levels seem to precede the development of a potentially atherogenic risk factor profile including low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and high systolic blood pressure. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1042–1050]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Troglitazone reduces hyperglycaemia and selectively acute-phase serum proteins in patients with Type II diabetes (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1433-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type II diabetes, inflammation, troglitazone, hyperglycaemia, serum amyloid A, complement protein C3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Inflammation could play a part in insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones, new antidiabetic drugs, possess anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. We investigated if acute-phase serum proteins are increased in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus who had been treated with insulin and whether troglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.¶Methods. A total of 27 patients (age 63.0 ± 1.7 years, HbA1 c 8.8 ± 0.3 %, BMI 32.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2, duration 15.2 ± 1.4 years, insulin dose 73.3 ± 7.0 U/day) participated in the study. The patients received daily either 400 mg troglitazone or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline, at the end of therapy and after a follow-up time of 23 ± 4 days.¶Results. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (6.2 ± 1.1 mg/l) and C-reactive protein (6.1 ± 1.1 mg/l) were increased (p 〈 0.001) and complement protein C3 (1.69 ± 0.05 g/l) was also above the reference range for healthy subjects. Placebo treatment had no effect on glucose or inflammation, whereas troglitazone reduced fasting glucose (from 10.4 ± 0.6 mmol/l to 8.1 ± 0.5 mmol/l, p 〈 0.01), HbA1 c (from 8.7 ± 0.3 % to 7.5 ± 0.3 %, p 〈 0.01), insulin requirements (from 75 ± 10 U/day to 63 ± 10 U/day, p 〈 0.05), serum amyloid A (from 6.3 ± 1.5 mg/l to 4.0 ± 1.3 mg/l, p = 0.001), α-1-acid glycoprotein (from 906 ± 51 mg/l to 729 ± 52 mg/l, p = 0.001) and C3 (from 1.72 ± 0.07 g/l to 1.66 ± 0.06 g/l, p 〈 0.05) but not α-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein or haptoglobin significantly. Concentrations of glucose and acute-phase reactants had returned to those before treatment at the follow-up visit.¶Conclusion/interpretation. In Type II diabetic patients serum amyloid A and complement protein C3 are raised. Troglitazone exerts a selective reversible action on some acute-phase proteins and C3 but not on others in conjunction with the improvement in glucose metabolism. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1433–1438]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051315
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1042-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; longitudinal ; clustering ; children ; adolescents ; serum lipoproteins ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adults hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an atherogenic risk profile including obesity, low levels of HDL-cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides and elevated blood pressure. To examine these associations in the young we studied the cross-sectional relationships of insulin with obesity indices (body mass index, subscapular skinfold thickness), serum lipids and blood pressure in 1,865 children, adolescents and young adults aged 6–24 years. We also used longitudinal data to study the value of a single insulin measurement to predict high risk factor levels and clustering of multiple risk factors after a 6-year follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses the levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and obesity indices were usually significantly different across the quartiles of fasting insulin in both sexes among children, adolescents and young adults. In general, no associations were seen with total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. In prospective analysis elevated baseline insulin was related to the incidence of hypertriglyceridaemia (≥95th percentile) at the follow-up. This relationship persisted even after adjustments for baseline obesity or 6-year change in obesity status. Moreover, baseline insulin concentration was higher in subjects who subsequently showed clustering of high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure levels at the follow-up. We conclude that high fasting insulin levels measured in children and adolescents predict the development of hypertriglyceridaemia years later. In addition, high insulin levels seem to precede the development of a potentially atherogenic risk factor profile including low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and high systolic blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402173
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of four different antihypertensive medications on cardiovascular regulation in hypertensive sleep apneic patients – assessment by spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (1999), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Antihypertensive treatment ; Hypertension ; Sleep apnea syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the effect of antihypertensive medications on autonomic nervous system in patients with hypertension and sleep apnea syndrome using frequency domain measures of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities. Methods: The β-receptor blocking agent atenolol (50 mg), the calcium antagonist isradipine SRO (2.5 mg), the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) and the ACE inhibitor spirapril (6 mg) once daily were given in a double-blind crossover schedule for 8 weeks. Cardiovascular autonomic control was assessed using frequency domain measures of heart rate variability during the spontaneous and controlled breathing tests. During orthostatic maneuver and cold pressor test the blood pressure variability analysis also was performed. Results: In general, the responses of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities were abnormal in the patients with arterial hypertension and sleep apnea syndrome compared to reference data. Of the four drugs, only atenolol effected heart rate and blood pressure variabilities as it shifted the autonomic regulation to the vagal direction. Other antihypertensive drugs did not change any parameter of heart rate or blood pressure variabilities. Conclusion: The short-term treatment with atenolol in patients with arterial hypertension and sleep apnea syndrome is associated with normalization of autonomic nervous control judged by heart rate and blood pressure variability. Thus, β-receptor blockade may have adjunctive beneficial effects beyond blood pressure reduction in these patients. However, the long-term effects of blood pressure reduction on autonomic nervous control remain to be studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050617
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct counting of tissues containing radioactive cholesterol by a two-phase liquid scintillation method
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 63 (1975), S. 566-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(75)90381-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous mobilities of lipoproteins in cellulose acetate microelectrophoresis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 24 (1969), S. 473-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(69)90125-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors explaining the physical activity of young adults: the importance of early socialization (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: As a part of the large project Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns, the purpose of the present study was to examine how adult physical activity is influenced by early physical activity and current social and health-related factors. A total of 2411 children and adolescents aged 9, 12, 15 and 18 years were randomly selected from five university towns and their rural surroundings in 1980. They were followed up for 12 years by means of questionnaires. In 1992 they were 21, 24, 27 and 30 years old. The results showed that early physical activity and current social and health-related behaviours were significantly related to the level of adult physical activity. Multivariable analyses indicated that early physical activity, in particular, was the best predictor of adult physical activity in all groups, with the exception of the 21-year-old women. The social and health-related factors such as occupation, employment status and smoking also predicted physical activity in some age-gender groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00220.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical activity and bone mineral acquisition in peripubertal girls (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 10 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The association of the amount and type of physical activity with bone mineral acquisition was studied in 191 peripubertal Caucasian girls aged 9–16 years (66 gymnasts, 65 runners, and 60 nonathletic controls). Weight, height, stage of puberty, the amount of leisure-time physical activity, and years of training were recorded, and dietary calcium and vitamin D were assessed by a semi-quantitative questionnaire. The bone area, the bone mineral density (BMD), and the bone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine and antebrachium were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The unadjusted mean values of BMD at the femoral neck were 15.2% higher in the pubertal gymnasts than in the controls (P〈0.001). Compared with the controls, the mean BMC adjusted for bone area of the pubertal gymnasts at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was 16.4% and 10.8% higher, respectively. When comparing the association of the type of physical activity among the pubertal athletics by multiple regression analysis, height, physical activity, gymnastics, and Tanner stage emerged as significant variables and accounted for 54.7% and 63.4% of the total variation in BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively. These results indicate that physical activity is associated with bone mineral acquisition in peripubertal girls and that high-impact weight-bearing exercise seems to be particularly associated with the increase of the BMD at the femoral neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010004236.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of intense physical activity among 15- to 30-year-old Finns (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Previous studies have reported increasing trends in physical activity in the Finnish population. These reports have not, however, included the perspective of cardiorespiratory stress in adolecent and young adults. We examined the present patterns of physical activity among Finnish adolescents and young adults in 1992. We specifically assessed whether the young people experience the volume of physical activity that is believed to stress the cardiorespiratory system appropriately in order to increase the level of fitness. The subjects in the present study were participants of a large multicenter study of atherosclerosis precursors in children and young adults. Physical activity was measured with a self-administered questionnaire in 2255 adolescents and young adults (1015 males and 1240 females). The proportion of subjects undertaking the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiorespiratory system appropriately was 19%. The proportion was higher in males than in females (26 vs. 13%). The proportion of active subjects became smaller in older age groups in both sexes. Half the study population (51% of the males; 48%) of the females) reported frequent leisure-time physical activity less than once a month. In conclusion, Finnish adolescents and young adults have low levels of physical activity on the average, and many young Finns seldom undertake the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiopulmonary system. Young males seem to be physically more active than females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00068.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Physical Activity on Ultrasound and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Bone Measurements in Peripubertal Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Ultrasonographic measurement — Physical activity — Girls — Peripubertal.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether two types of physical exercise affect the growing skeleton differently. We used calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and to test how QUS values reflect the axial DXA values in these various study groups. A total of 184 peripubertal Caucasian girls aged 11–17 years (65 gymnasts, 63 runners, and 56 nonathletic controls) were studied. Weight, height, stage of puberty, years of training, and the amount of leisure-time physical activity were recorded. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and sound of speed (SOS) through the calcaneus were measured. The BMD of the femoral neck and the lumbar spine were measured by DXA. The differences in mean values of bone measurements among each exercise group were more evident in pubertal than prepubertal girls. The mean BUA and SOS values of the pubertal gymnasts were 13.7% (77.8 dB/MHz versus 68.4 dB/MHz, P 〈 0.05) and 2.2% (1607.7 m/s versus 1572.4 m/s, P 〈 0.001) higher than of the controls, respectively. The mean BMD of the femoral neck in the pubertal gymnasts and runners was 20% (0.989 g/cm2 versus 0.824 g/cm2, P 〈 0.001) and 9.0% (0.901 g/cm2 versus 0.824 g/cm2, P 〈 0.05) higher than in the controls, respectively. The amount of physical activity correlated weakly but statistically significantly with all measured BMD and ultrasonographic values in the pubertal group (r = 0.19–0.35). The correlation between ultrasonographic parameters and BMD were weak, but significant among pubertal runners (r = 0.47–0.55) and controls (r = 0.39–0.42), whereas the DXA values of the femoral neck and the ultrasonographic parameters of the calcaneus did not correlate among highly physically active gymnasts. By stepwise regression analysis, physical activity accounted for much more of the variation in the DXA values than the ultrasonographic values. We conclude that the beneficial influence of exercise on bone status as measured by ultrasound and DXA was evident in these peripubertal girls. In highly active gymnasts the increase of the calcaneal ultrasonographic values did not reflect statistically significantly the BMD values of the femoral neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010050
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