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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Troglitazone reduces hyperglycaemia and selectively acute-phase serum proteins in patients with Type II diabetes (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1433-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type II diabetes, inflammation, troglitazone, hyperglycaemia, serum amyloid A, complement protein C3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Inflammation could play a part in insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones, new antidiabetic drugs, possess anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. We investigated if acute-phase serum proteins are increased in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus who had been treated with insulin and whether troglitazone has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.¶Methods. A total of 27 patients (age 63.0 ± 1.7 years, HbA1 c 8.8 ± 0.3 %, BMI 32.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2, duration 15.2 ± 1.4 years, insulin dose 73.3 ± 7.0 U/day) participated in the study. The patients received daily either 400 mg troglitazone or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline, at the end of therapy and after a follow-up time of 23 ± 4 days.¶Results. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (6.2 ± 1.1 mg/l) and C-reactive protein (6.1 ± 1.1 mg/l) were increased (p 〈 0.001) and complement protein C3 (1.69 ± 0.05 g/l) was also above the reference range for healthy subjects. Placebo treatment had no effect on glucose or inflammation, whereas troglitazone reduced fasting glucose (from 10.4 ± 0.6 mmol/l to 8.1 ± 0.5 mmol/l, p 〈 0.01), HbA1 c (from 8.7 ± 0.3 % to 7.5 ± 0.3 %, p 〈 0.01), insulin requirements (from 75 ± 10 U/day to 63 ± 10 U/day, p 〈 0.05), serum amyloid A (from 6.3 ± 1.5 mg/l to 4.0 ± 1.3 mg/l, p = 0.001), α-1-acid glycoprotein (from 906 ± 51 mg/l to 729 ± 52 mg/l, p = 0.001) and C3 (from 1.72 ± 0.07 g/l to 1.66 ± 0.06 g/l, p 〈 0.05) but not α-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein or haptoglobin significantly. Concentrations of glucose and acute-phase reactants had returned to those before treatment at the follow-up visit.¶Conclusion/interpretation. In Type II diabetic patients serum amyloid A and complement protein C3 are raised. Troglitazone exerts a selective reversible action on some acute-phase proteins and C3 but not on others in conjunction with the improvement in glucose metabolism. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1433–1438]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-esterified fatty acids regulate lipid and glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis in healthy man (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 202-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Fatty acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glycogen, glycogen synthase, lipoproteins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the interrelationship of lipid and glucose metabolism in the basal state and during insulin stimulus in 19 healthy men (27±2 years, body mass index 23.6±0.6 kg/m2). In each subject, we performed a 4-h euglycaemic (5.3±0.1 mmol/l) hyperinsulinaemic (647±21 pmol/l) insulin clamp with indirect calorimetry in the basal state and during insulin infusion, and muscle biopsies before and at the end of the clamp. In the basal state, serum non-esterified fatty acid levels correlated directly with lipid oxidation (r =0.56, p〈0.05) and indirectly with glucose oxidation (r = –0.80, p〈0.001). Lipid and glucose oxidation rates were inversely related in the basal state (r = –0.47, p〈0.05) and during insulin infusion (r = –0.65, p〈0.01). Basal lipid oxidation and glycogen synthase total activity correlated inversely (r = –0.54, p〈0.05). Lipid oxidation both in the basal state (r = –0.61, p〈0.01) and during insulin infusion (r = –0.62, p〈0.05) was inversely related to muscle glycogen content after the insulin clamp. Fasting plasma triglyceride concentration correlated directly to fasting insulin (r =0.55, p〈0.05) and C-peptide (r =0.50, p〈0.03) concentrations and inversely to non-oxidative glucose disposal rate at the end of clamp (r = –0.54, p〈0.05). In conclusion: 1) Serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration enhances lipid and reduces glucose oxidation. 2) Lipid oxidation is inversely related to total glycogen synthase activity. 3) Lipid oxidation both in the basal state and during insulin stimulus correlates inversely with muscle glycogen content after insulin infusion. 4) Even in normotriglyceridaemic subjects, plasma triglycerides reduce insulin-stimulated non-oxidative glucose disposal. These data suggest that serum non-esterified fatty acids in physiologic concentrations have an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose oxidation as well as glucose storage as glycogen. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 202–209]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050094
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin analogues and carcinoma of the breast (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 124-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramuscular triglyceride content is increased in IDDM (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Type 1 diabetes ; muscle ; triglycerides ; insulin sensitivity ; lipid oxidation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Increased lipid oxidation is related to insulin resistance. Some of the enhanced lipid utilization may be derived from intramuscular sources. We studied muscle triglyceride (mTG) concentration and its relationship to insulin sensitivity in 10 healthy men (age 29 ± 2 years, BMI 23.3 ± 0.6 kg/m2) and 17 men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (age 30 ± 2 years, BMI 22.8 ± 0.5 kg/m2, diabetes duration 14 ± 2 years, HbA1 c 7.7 ± 0.3 %, insulin dose 48 ± 3 U/day). Insulin sensitivity was measured with a 4 h euglycaemic (5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinaemic (1.5 mU or 9 pmol · kg–1· min–1) clamp accompanied by indirect calorimetry before and at the end of the insulin infusion. A percutaneous biopsy was performed from m. vastus lateralis for the determination of mTG. At baseline the IDDM patients had higher glucose (10.2 ± 0.9 vs 5.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l, p 〈 0.001), insulin (40.3 ± 3.2 vs 23.2 ± 4.2 pmol/l, p 〈 0.01), HDL cholesterol (1.28 ± 0.06 vs 1.04 ± 0.03 mmol/l, p 〈 0.01) and mTG (32.9 ± 4.6 vs 13.6 ± 2.7 mmol/kg dry weight, p 〈 0.01) concentrations than the healthy men, respectively. The IDDM patients had lower insulin stimulated whole body total (–25 %, p 〈 0.001), oxidative (–18 %, p 〈 0.01) and non-oxidative glucose disposal rates (–43 %, p 〈 0.001), whereas lipid oxidation rate was higher in the basal state ( + 44 %, p 〈 0.01) and during hyperinsulinaemia ( + 283 %, p 〈 0.05). mTG concentrations did not change significantly during the clamp or correlate with insulin stimulated glucose disposal. In healthy men mTG correlated positively with lipid oxidation rate at the end of hyperinsulinaemia (r = 0.75, p 〈 0.05). In conclusion: 1) IDDM is associated with increased intramuscular TG content. 2) mTG content does not correlate with insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects or patients with IDDM. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 111–115]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050875
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of age on effects of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on calcium absorption in normal women (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 330-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Age ; Vitamin D ; Calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent reports of increases in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH2)D] concentration with aging despite no changes or decreases in calcium absorption suggest that elderly women have intestinal resistance to vitamin D action. Thus, in 15 young adult (30±1 year) and 15 elderly (74±1 year) women (mean±SE), we assessed the responsiveness of intestinal calcium absorption to increases in circulating 1,25(OH)2D induced by 4 days of an experimental diet (150 mg calcium and 1600 mg phosphorus daily). True fractional calcium absorption (FCA) (44Ca mixed with food and 42Ca given intravenously, then their ratio in urine measured by mass spectrometry) was determined. Baseline serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was higher in the older women (P=0.01) whereas serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration and true FCA were similar. In both groups, serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations increased (P〈0.002) on the experimental diet. After 4 days on the diet, serum 1,25(OH)2D increased over baseline by 30.5 and 35.6% and, despite these increases, true FCA was 40±3 versus 40±4%/24 hours (NS between groups) in the young and elderly women, respectively. These data suggest that either elderly women have normal intestinal responsiveness to vitamin D or that the resistance to it is too mild to be detected by these methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of two shrimp by-product meals as protein sources in diets for Penaeus vannamei
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 115 (1993), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90358-6
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of lithium aluminoborosilicate glass and abrasive (1996)
    Springer
    Glass and ceramics 53 (1996), S. 88-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8515
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of glasses of the lithium-aluminoborosilicate system were investigated, namely, the density, spreadability, thermal expansion, and nature of crystallized phases at various temperatures. A crystal-optical analysis was conducted. The glasses were used to prepare abrasive compositions. Their strength properties were studied as a function of the composition of the glass binder and the regime of heat treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061496
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 12-Month Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Stress Fractures and Bone Turnover in Athletes (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone turnover — Bone remodeling — Stress fractures — Exercise.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone remodeling may be involved in the pathogenesis of stress fractures in athletes. We conducted a 12-month prospective study to evaluate bone turnover in 46 female and 49 male track and field athletes aged 17–26 years (mean age 20.3; SD 2.0) 20 of whom developed a stress fracture. Baseline levels of bone turnover were evaluated in all athletes and monthly bone turnover levels were evaluated in a subset consisting of the 20 athletes who sustained a stress fracture and a matched comparison group who did not sustain a stress fracture. Bone formation was assessed using serum osteocalcin (OC) measured by human immunoradiometric assay and bone resorption by urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links (Pyr and D-Pyr); high performance liquid chromatography and N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx) using ELISA assay. Athletes who developed stress fractures had similar baseline levels of bone turnover compared with their nonstress fracture counterparts (P 〉 0.10). Results of serial measurements showed no differences in average levels of Pyr, D-Pyr, or OC in those who developed stress fractures (P= 0.10) compared with the control group. In the athletes with stress fractures, there was also no difference in bone turnover levels prior to or following the onset of bony pain. Our results show that single and multiple measurements of bone turnover are not clinically useful in predicting the likelihood of stress fractures in athletes. Furthermore, there were no consistent temporal changes in bone turnover associated with stress fracture development. However, our results do not negate the possible pathogenetic role of local changes in bone remodeling at stress fracture sites, given the high biological variability of bone turnover markers and the fact that levels of bone turnover reflect the integration of all bone remodeling throughout the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900493
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Prospective Study of Bone Loss in Menopausal Australian-Born Women (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone density – Bone loss – Hip – Menopause – Perimenopause – Spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Two hundred and twenty-four women (74 pre-, 90 peri-, 60 post-menopausal), aged 46–59 years, from a population-based cohort participated in a longitudinal study of bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and the time between bone scans was on average 25 (range 14–41) months. The aim of the study was to assess changes in BMD in relation to changes in normal menopausal status. During the study period women who were between 3 and 12 months past their last menstrual period (n= 22, late perimenopausal) at the time of the second bone scan had a mean (SE) annual change in BMD of 70.9% (0.4%) at the lumbar spine and 70.7% (0.6%) at the femoral neck (both p50.05 compared with women who remained premenopausal). In the women who became postmenopausal (n= 42) the mean annual changes in BMD were 72.5% (0.2%) at the lumbar spine and 71.7% (0.2%) at the femoral neck (both p50.0005), and in the women who remained postmenopausal (n= 60) they were 70.7% (0.2%) per year and 70.5% (0.3%) per year respectively (both p50.05), compared with women who remained premenopausal. In the 1–3 years after the final menstrual period (FMP) there was greater bone loss from the lumbar spine than the femoral neck (p50.05). In women who were menstruating at the time of the second bone scan and whose FMP could be dated prospectively (n= 35), higher baseline oestradiol levels were associated with less lumbar spine bone loss (p50.005). In the women who remained postmenopausal there was an association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and percentage change per year in femoral neck BMD (p50.05), such that women with higher BMI had less bone loss. In conclusion, during the time of transition from peri- to post-menopause, women had accelerated BMD loss at both the hip and spine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050066
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and interrelationships of complications in insulin-dependent diabetes in Finland (1997)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 34 (1997), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-dependent diabetes ; Nephropathy ; Neuropathy ; Retinopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence and interrelationships of micro- and macrovascular complications and their risk factors in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic patients. The prevalence of nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease was examined, and their associations to risk factors (glycemic control, blood pressure, blood lipid concentrations) and neuropathy were estimated in a cross-sectional study. A total of 140 type 1 diabetic patients were examined. They were grouped by gender, age, and duration of diabetes into 14 subgroups of 10 patients each. Nephropathy was observed in 40%, retinopathy in 55%, and signs of cardiovascular disease in less than 5% of patients. Microvascular complications were associated with the duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride concentration. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was significantly associated with the presence of nephropathy, whereas the association with retinopathy was of borderline significance. Statistically speaking, the duration of diabetes, mean systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and triglyceride level explained 31% of the variation in log albumin excretion rate (P〈0.001). Duration, age, and triglyceride level explained 46% of the variation in the severity of retinopathy (P〈0.001) and 31% of the variation in the vibration perception threshold in the ankle (P〈0.001). While the well-established risk factors (duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hypertension) are associated with microvascular complications, more than half of the variation in their severity cannot be explained. An additional risk factor may involve triglycerides even at a normal serum concentration. The mechanism could be the incorporation of triglycerides in the cell membrane, leading to variations in membrane fluidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050062
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